Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden

Fakultät Maschinenbau/Verfahrenstechnik
LG Technische Gebäudeausrüstung
Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Reichel

Basics Renewable Energies

Part 2

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mario Reichel

Professur TGA/Regenerative Energiesysteme
Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden

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1. Introduction (continued)
1.5 Renewable Energies
Ressourcen – Umwandlungsprozesse - Nutzenergien

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1.5 Renewable Energies

Passive solar thermal energy use

- through glass surfaces

- through this transparent facade thermal
insulation

Figure 3.7: Solar irradiation in kWh / (m² a) in Germany

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1.5 Renewable Energies

Active solar thermal energy use over
solar panels

heat use for domestic water heating,

building heating, if necessary for
technological processes and for cooling

- many years experience

- widespread use
- Volatile energy
- Use with storage and additional
heat source
- conditional efficiency

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1.5 Renewable Energies
Active solar thermal energy as a
solar furnace
concentrating heat use for food
preparation or for device sterilization
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1.5 Renewable Energies
Active solar thermal energy as a
solar tower power plant
concentrating heat use for the realization
of a steam power process
Active solar thermal energy as a
parabolic traugh power plant
concentrating heat use for the realization
of a steam power process
Active solar thermal energy as a
parabolic power plant
concentrating heat use for the realization
of a steam power process
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1.5 Renewable Energies

Geothermal power plant
solar chimney power plant
use of geothermal energy
buoyancy flow through solar thermal dissipation capability of
energy performance of mechanical
work

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1.5 Renewable Energies Shallow geothermal energy

geothermal heating plant to the use of thermal energy from

near-surface soil layers
to the use of thermal energy from
deep underground

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1.5 Renewable Energies

Power to Gas

Use from excess regenerative electricity

for methane gas production

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1.5 Renewable Energies

Power to Gas

There are two different types of methanation. Firstly, it can be done in biogas plants
and are made for other chemical processes on a biological basis. This process is a
heterogeneous catalytic reaction, and gas can be carried out chemically in two
ways:

(Reaction 1)

(Reaction 2)

These processes require temperatures of 250 to 400 C, pressures of 7-85 bar, and
nickel-based catalysts. Additionally there is a high technical maintenance of the
necessary equipment. For this reason such processes are only useful on an
industrial scale. Currently there is a pilot plant with 250 kilowatts of electrical
(KWel) input power near the city of Stuttgart.

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1.5 Renewable Energies

Power to Gas

energy balance (Sankey-Diagramm)

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1.6 Biogenic fuels

Solid bioenergy sources
- Wood, wood products
- Straw, hay, miscanthus

Figure: wood chips, firewood, wood briquettes, wood pellets

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1.6 Biogenic fuels

Liquid bioenergy sources

- Vegetable oils (canola, soybean, sunflower, oil palm)

- biodiesel fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
- Bioethanol (sugar, glucose, starch, cellulose)
- Biomass to Liquid (BtL)

Figure: BTL process

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1.6 Biogenic fuels

Gaseous bioenergy sources

- Biogas (animal and vegetable raw materials, waste)

- Synthesis gas (wood gas)

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1.7 Wind- and hydropower

Wind Turbine

Equalization of pressure between

atmospheric air masses of different
energy content is used for the
performance of mechanical work

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1.7 Wind- and hydropower Pumped storage power plant

River hydropower plant for the use of potential energy of

the water for the performance of
to use the potential energy of the mechanical work that has
rainfall runoff for performing previously been produced with
mechanical work surplus electric power

Nutzung der potentiellen Energie des

Niederschlagsabflusses zur Verrichtung
mechanischer Arbeit

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1.7 Wind- and hydropower Wave power plant

for the use of kinetic energy of the
waves by volume displacement
Tidal power plant
to use the kinetic energy of the tidal
current

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1.7 Wind- and hydropower

Ocean current power plant

to use the kinetic energy of ocean
currents