Name: ………………………………………………………… Class: ……….. Adm.No.

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CHEMISTRY
Paper 2

MARCH 2020

KABIANGA, BARINGO, SACHO AND KABARNET

JOINT E X A M I N A T I O N - 2020
Kenya Certificate to Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

 Write your name, class, admission number, date, school and sign in the spaces provided.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
 Scientific calculators may be used.

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

1 14
2 12
3 10
4 13
5 10
6 13
7 08

80

This paper consists of 10 printed pages. Candidates are advised to check and to make sure all pages
are as indicated and no question is missing.

1
1. (a) Starting with zinc sulphate solution, describe how a sample of zinc oxide can be obtained in
the laboratory. (2mks)

(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow

NaOH(aq) H2SO4(aq
Solution E White precipitate F Colourless solution
Step 2 )
Step 4
Excess Excess
NH3(aq) NaOH(aq)
Step 1 Step 3
White precipitate F Colourless solution

(i) Identify:
(I) The metal ions in solution K (1mk)

(II) White precipitate F (1mk)

(ii) What property of the white precipitate F is illustrated in steps 3 and 4 (1mk)

(iii) Write an ionic equation leading the formation of white precipitate F (1mk)

(c) The column below was used to soften hard water

Hard water

Na+ Na+

Na+ Na+

Na+ Na+

Soft water

(i) Explain how the hard water was softened as it passed through the column. (1mk)

(ii) After sometime, the material in the column is not able to soften hard water. How can the
material be re-activated? (1mk)

2
(d) The table below gives the solubility’s of potassium nitrate at different temperatures.

Temperature (0C) 12 20 28 36 44 52
Solubility (g/100g of water) 22 31 42 55 70 90

(i) Plot graph of the solubility of potassium nitrate (vertical axis) against temperature (3mks)

(ii) Using the graph, determine the solubility of potassium nitrate at 150C (1mk)

(iii) Determine the molar concentration of potassium nitrate at 150C. (Assume there is no
change in density of water at this temperature, K = 39. 0; N= 14.0; O = 16.0) (2mks)

3
2. (a) Distinguish between ionization energy and electron affinity (2mks)

(b) Carbon atom has two isotopes; C-12 and C-14. If the relative atomic mass of carbon is 12.0,
calculate the relative abundance of C-12 if that of C-14 is 1.1% (2mks)

(c) In the following table, elements A, B and C belong to group 7 while elements D, E and F
belong to imaginary group K of the periodic table. The elements follow each other down the
group in the order given. Elements in group K have a valency of 2. Use the table to answer the
questions that follow.

Group 7 Group K
Elements A B C D E F
Atomic radius 0.052 0.079 0.113 0.14 0.195 0.197
Ionic radius 0.136 0.161 0.196 0.076 0.105 0.124

(i) Explain why atomic radius increase from D to F (1mk)

(ii) Compare the ionization energy of elements D and F. Explain. (2mks)

(iii) Given that elements C and F belong to the same period, explain why the atomic radius of C is
smaller than that of F (1mk)

(iv) Give the formula of the compound formed between A and D. State the bond and structure the
compound has (2mks)

(v) Give the order of reactivity of the elements from the table in group 7 starting with the least
reactive. Give a reason for your answer (2mks)

4
3. (a) The set up below shows incomplete preparation and collection of hydrogen sulphide gas.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name solid H (1mk)

(ii) Complete the set up (1mk)

(iii) Write an equation for the above reaction (1mk)

(b) The flow chart below shows various reactions involving sulphur

Sulphur Na2SO3(s)

Roast in air
H2SO4(l) HCl(aq)
S Q P
O2(g), Pt
H2O(l) H2O(l)

T R

(i) Identify the substances Q and R (1mk)

Q: R:

(ii) Write an equation for the formation of S (1mk)

(iii) How can the presence of P be confirmed? (1mk)

(iv) What observations would be made when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium
sulphite? (1mk)

(v) State two differences between bleaching action of sulphur (IV) oxide and that of chlorine
(2mks)

(c) State two properties that vulcanized rubber possesses as a result of vulcanization (1mk)

5
4. (a) Graphite is one of the allotropic forms of carbon.
(i) What are allotropes? (1mk)

(ii) Name the other crystalline allotropic form of carbon (1mk)

(iii) In terms of structure and bonding, explain why graphite is used as a lubricant (2mks)

(iv) State one use of the allotropic form identified in (a) (ii) above and explain which property
enables it to be used as stated (2mks)

(b) Carbon (IV) oxide reacts with heated charcoal to form gas T which is passed through
potassium hydroxide and collected.
(i) Identify gas T (1mk)

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place (1mk)

(iii) State how gas T can be collected (1mk)

(iii) State the function of potassium hydroxide (1mk)

(iv) Give one precaution that should be taken when carrying out this experiment. Explain
(2mks)

(v) Where would gas T be useful? (1mk)

6
5. In an experiment hydrogen chloride gas was prepared and reacted with aluminium turnings to
form solid Q and gas R as shown below.

Liquid P Al turnings Solid Q

Gas R

Heat

H2SO4(l)
Sodium chloride

(a) (i) Identify: (3mks)

I. liquid P: II. Solid Q:

III. Gas R:

(ii) Name another substance that could serve the same purpose as concentrated H2SO4 (1mk)

(iii) Complete the diagram to show how dry sample of gas R can be collected. (2mks)

(iv) Explain why solid Q was collected further away from the heated alumiunium. (1mk)

(b) Calculate the mass of the product that would be formed when 200cm3 of hydrogen
chloride gas reacts completely with excess ammonia gas. (3mks)

(H = 1, N=14, Cl = 35.5, molar gas volume = 24 litres at r.t.p)

7
6. (I) The scheme below shows some reactions starting with ethanol. Study it and use it to answer
the questions that follow.

Step I Soda lime, Heat

Chloromethane Methane C
Step II

Na(s)
HCOOH/H+ KMnO4/H+
A Ethanol B

H2SO4(l), 1700C
Step III
Br2(g)
Polythene D E

(a) Name substance (2mks)

A: B:

C: D:

(b) Name the reagent and condition required for the reaction in step I (1mk)

Reagent:

Condition:

(c) Write the equation for the reaction between

(i) Sodium metal and B (1mk)

(ii) Bromine gas and compound D (1mk)

(d) Identify the process represented by step III. (1mk)

(e) Name the following organic compounds. (3mks)

(i) CH2CCH3
CH3

(ii) CH2CH2CH2CH2CCH

(iii) CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2
CH3

8
(II) The structures below represent two cleansing agents P and Q

P: R –COO-Na+

Q: R –OSO3-Na+

(a) Identify the class of cleansing agents to which P belongs. (1mk)

(b) Which cleansing agent is suitable for use with water which contains Ca2+ ions? Explain. (1mk)

(c) Some animal and vegetable oil are used to make margarine and soap. Give the reagents and
conditions necessary for converting the oils into;

(i) Margarine (1mk)

(ii) Soap (1mk)

7. The flow chart below shows the various stages of water treatment. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

Water Filtration unit 1 Process Y

Addition of
Tap water Filtration unit 2
Sodium hypochlorite

9
(a) Which substances are likely to be removed in filtration unit I? (1mk)

(b) What is the name given to process Y? (1mk)

(c) What is the purpose of:

(i) Process Y (1mk)

(ii) Addition of sodium hypochlorite. (1mk)

(d) When water reacts with potassium metal the hydrogen produced ignites explosively on the
surface of water

(i) What causes this ignition? (1mk)

(ii) Write equations for the reactions that take place (2mks)

(e) Give one agricultural use of water (1mk)

10