Department of Education

Region III
Division of NuevaEcija
General Tinio National High School
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
NAME: SECTION:__________________ MAY 2 2023 SCORE:________

Standardizing a Normally Distributed Random Variable

Review/Lesson Preview
Directions: True or False. Write T if the statement is true about normal distribution/normal curve. Write F if not.
Write your answer before each number.

_____1. The normal distribution is centered at its mean.

_____2. The graph of a normal distribution is a bell-liked shape.
_____3. The mean, median and mode for a normal distribution are not equal.
_____4. The total area under the normal curve is approximately 1.5.
_____5. The distribution is asymmetrical about the mean.

Concept Notes

The Standard Normal Distribution

Standard normal distribution is a special case of the normal distribution. It is the distribution that occurs
when a normal random variable has a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.

The normal random variable of a standard normal distribution is called standard score or z-score. Every
normal random variable X can be transformed into a z-score via the following equation:

𝒙−𝝁 𝒙−𝒙̅
Population: 𝒛 = 𝝈
Sample: 𝒛 = 𝒔

Z-score of a normal random variable (raw score x) measures the number of standard deviations between a raw
score x and the mean of the distribution where the raw score x came from.

1
 Normal Curve Standardized Normal Curve

Developmental Activities
Activity 1. Converting normal random variable to standard normal variable

Study the following examples. Pay careful attention to the results and how the normal random variable was
converted to standard normal variable.

Covert the following real score into standard score.

Given: µ = 60 σ=4

1. x = 68
Solution:
𝑥−𝜇 68−60 8
𝑧= 𝜎
= 4
= 4

𝒛= 𝟐

2. x = 50
Solution:
𝑥−𝜇 50−60 −10
𝑧= 𝜎
= 4
= 4

𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟓

3. x = 60
Solution:
𝑥−𝜇 60−60 0
𝑧= 𝜎
= 4
= 4

𝒛= 𝟎

Note that in converting normal random variable x, you have to substitute the values given and the random
𝒙−𝝁 𝒙−𝒙̅
variable x in the formulas: 𝒛 = or 𝒛 =
𝝈 𝒔

2
Compute for the corresponding z-score for each of the normal random variable. (Round off your answer into
two decimal places)

Given: µ = 75 σ = 5.1

1. x = 80 z = _______________
2. x = 63 z = _______________
3. x = 82 z = _______________

Check your answers against the key shown/flashed on the board.

Activity 2. Converting standard normal random variable to normal random variable

Note: For convenient way of converting standard normal random variable to normal random variable, derive the
formula to solve for normal random variable x.
𝑥−𝜇 𝑥−𝑥̅
𝑧= 𝜎
𝑧= 𝑠

𝑧𝜎 = 𝑥 − 𝜇 𝑧𝑠 = 𝑥 − 𝑥̅

𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇 = 𝑥 𝑧𝑠 + 𝑥̅ = 𝑥

𝒙 = 𝒛𝝈 + 𝝁 ̅
𝒙 = 𝒛𝒔 + 𝒙

Determine the real score of the following z-score.

Given: x̅ = 75 s = 8.5

1. z = 0.35
Solution:

𝑥 = 𝑧𝑠 + 𝑥̅ = (0.35)(8.5) + 75 = 2.975 + 75

𝒙 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟗𝟖 (rounded off to two decimal places)

2. z =− 1.5
Solution:

𝑥 = 𝑧𝑠 + 𝑥̅ = (−1.5)(8.5) + 75 = −12.75 + 75

𝒙 = −𝟔𝟐. 𝟐𝟓

3. z = 2.30
Solution:

𝑥 = 𝑧𝑠 + 𝑥̅ = (2.30)(8.5) + 75 = 19.55 + 75

𝒙 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓𝟓

3
Using the derived formula, convert the following standard score (z-score) to real score:

Given: x̅ = 52 s=7

1. z = 1.5 x = ____________
2. z = −2 x = ___________
3. z = −0.25 x = ___________

Check your answers against the key shown/flashed on the board.

Activity 3. Application

Apply the concept of converting normal random variable to standard normal variable to solve verbal problems.

1. Shown below are Mr. Rivera’s scores, the mean, and the standard deviation of each three tests given to 500
applicants.
Test Mr. Rivera’s Score Mean S.D.

Personality 72.2 68.2 10.5

Abstract Reasoning 65 73 8.6

Aptitude 56.5 54.5 5.1

On which test did Mr. Rivera stand highest? lowest?

Solution:

To determine the answer, convert the scores of each test in standard score.

Personality Test

x = 72.2 µ = 68.2 σ = 10.5

𝑥−𝜇 72.2−68.2 4
𝑧= 𝜎
= 10.5
= 10.5

z = 0.38 (rounded off to two decimal places)

 Abstract Reasoning Test

x = 65 µ = 73 σ = 8.6
𝑥−𝜇 65−73 −8
𝑧= 𝜎
= 8.6
= 8.6

z = −0.93 (rounded off to two decimal places)

Aptitude Test

x = 56.5 µ = 54.5 σ = 5.1

𝑥−𝜇 56.5−54.5 2
𝑧= = =
𝜎 5.1 5.1

z = 0.39 (rounded off to two decimal places)

ANSWER. The z-score indicates the deviation of the score from the mean in each distribution.

Highest: Aptitude Test (it has the highest z-score)

Lowest: Abstract Reasoning (it has the lowest z-score)

Answer the following problem:

Lhenylene’s final examination results in the three subjects are as follows:

Subject Grade Mean S.D.

Business Math 86 81 5.75

College Algebra 76 73 6

Business Statistics 91 93 6.5

On which test did Lhenylene perform well? worst?

Guided Practice
A. Directions: Convert real score to z-score.
 A normal distribution of scores has a standard deviation of 10 and mean of 52.3. Find the z-scores corresponding
to each of the following values:

1. Score = 75 z=2.27
2. Score = 32 z=-2.03
3. Score = 45 z=-0.73
4. Score = 62 z=0.97
5. Score = 73 z=2.07
B. Directions: Convert z-score to real score.
A normal distribution of scores has a standard deviation of 5 and mean of 72. Find the real scores corresponding
to each of the following values:

1. z=2 real score = 82

2. z = -0.8 real score = 68
3. z = -2.6 real score = 59
4. z = 2.6 real score = 85
5. z = 1.9 real score = 81.5

C. Directions: Answer the following verbal problems using the concept of z-score.
1. Three students take equivalent stress tests. Which is the highest relative score (meaning which has the largest z-
score value)? C has the highest z - score
A. A score of 144 on a test with a mean of 128 and a standard deviation of 34. (z = 0.47)
B. A score of 90 on a test with a mean of 86 and a standard deviation of 18. (z = 0.22)
C. A score of 18 on a test with a mean of 15 and a standard deviation of 5. (z = 0.6)

2. The average score on a Stats midterm was 75 points with an SD of 5 points. If Carlo’s z-score is -2, how many
points did he score? (Carlo’s score is 65)

Independent Practice
A. Directions: Convert real score to z-score.
A normal distribution of scores has a standard deviation of 7.5 and mean of 50. Find the z-scores corresponding
to each of the following values: (Round off your answer in two decimal places.)

1. Score = 70
2. Score = 34
3. Score = 47
4. Score = 64
5. Score = 72

B. Directions: Convert z-score to real score.

A normal distribution of scores has a standard deviation of 12 and mean of 50. Find the real scores
corresponding to each of the following values:

1. z = -1.5
2. z = -0.5
 3. z = -1.75
4. z = 1.25
5. z = 0

C. Directions: Answer the following verbal problems.

1. People with z-scores greater than 2.5 on an IQ test are considered as geniuses. If IQ tests have a score of a
mean of 100 and SD of 16 points. What is the cut off score for a genius to prove himself as one?

2. Suppose a night-shift technician of an electric company finished his work in 7.4 hours and a day-shift
technician of the same company finished his job in 6.9 hours. And suppose the mean and the standard
deviation of the night-shift technicians’ completion time are 5.5 and 0.5 hours respectively, while the
mean and standard deviation of the day-shift technicians’ completion time are 6.4 and 0.5 hours
respectively. Which of the two technicians is better worker relative to the shift to which he belongs?

Closure Activity
Directions: Write one challenging problem which involves the use of z-score. Solve your problem. Then look for a
partner and challenge him/her to solve your problem. Discuss both of your solutions afterwards.

“Explore” Activity (Optional)

Are you ready to solve a harder one? Try it!

Aaron's scores in Chemistry this semester were rather inconsistent: 100, 85, 55, 95, 75, 100.
For this population, how many scores are within one standard deviation of the mean? (Hint: Solve for mean and
standard deviation of the given scores.)

Additional “Explore” Activity

What is the importance of z-score?
 Department of Education
Region III
Division of NuevaEcija
General Tinio National High School
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
NAME: SECTION:__________________ MAY 2 2023 SCORE:________

Computing Probabilities and Percentile Using Standard Normal Table

Review/Lesson Preview
Directions:Convert the following score to standard normal score (z-score).
Given: 𝜇 = 14.9 𝜎 = 4.5
1. Score = 23 Answer: __________
Answer: ________________
2. Score = 9
Standard Normal Table (Z-score Table)

Directions: Draw a normal curve. Shade the area that is being asked in each item under the standard normal
curve.

1. To the left of z=0.5 2. To the left of z=1.43

3. To the right of z= - 2.54 4. In between z=0.9 and z=-2.0

 To calculate the area under the normal curve, we use the standard normal or z-score table.
 In a z-score table, the left most column tells you how many standard deviations above the mean to 1
decimal place, the top row gives the second decimal place, and the intersection of a row and column
gives the probability.
 For the case of negative z-score, the same manner as with the computation of probabilities of positive z-
score since the curve is symmetrical along the mean.
Guided Practice
A. Directions: Find the area under the standard normal curve which lies to the following conditions. Refer to the z-table
and to your concept notes for you to be guided.{Hint: To the right means P(x>a), to the left means P(x<a), and
between means P(a<x<b)}.
1. to the right of z=0.66 Answer: 0.2546
2. to the left of z=-1.53 Answer: 0.0630
3. to the right of z=-2.34 Answer: 0.9904
4. to the right of z=1.30 Answer: 0.0968
5. between z=-0.78 and z=0.56 Answer: 0.4946

B. Directions: Solve the following problem that involves area under normal curve.
You are a farmer about to harvest the crop. To describe the uncertainty in the size of the harvest, you feel that it
may be described as normal distribution with a mean value of 80,000 bushels with a standard deviation of 2,500
bushels. Find the probability that your harvest will exceed 84,400 bushels.
Solution:
84,400 in z-score is z=1.76. The corresponding probability of z=1.76 is 0.4608. The term will exceed
means P(x>a), thus, subtract 0.4608 from 0.5. Hence the answer is 0.0392 or 3.92%.

Independent Practice
A. Directions: Find the area under the standard normal curve which lies to the following conditions. Refer to the z-table
and to your concept notes for you to be guided.{Hint: To the right means P(x>a), to the left means P(x<a), and
between means P(a<x<b)}.
1. to the right of z = 0.78 _______________________________________
2. to the left of z=-2.53 _______________________________________
3. to the right of z = -1.34 _______________________________________
4. to the left of z = 0.35 _______________________________________
5. between z=-0.70 and z=0.51 _______________________________________

B. Directions: Solve the following problem that involves area under normal curve.
The salaries of employees of a certain company in Baguio City have a mean of P6,500 and a standard deviation
of P1,500. What is the probability that an employee selected at random will have a salary of
a. more than P6,500 _______________________________________
b. less than P7,000 _______________________________________
c. between P5,000 and P7,000 _______________________________________

“Explore” Activity
Are you ready to solve a harder one? Try it!
Sir Joe has 184 students in his college mathematics lecture class. The scores on the midterm exam are
normally distributed with a mean of 72.3 and a standard deviation of 8.9. How many students in the class can be
expected to receive a score between 82 and 90? Express answer to the nearest students.
 Department of Education
Region III
Division of NuevaEcija
General Tinio National High School
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
NAME: SECTION:__________________ MAY 3 2023 SCORE:________

Illustrating Sampling Distributions

Review/Lesson Preview
Directions: Find the area under the standard normal curve which lies to the following conditions.
1. To the left of z=1 2. Between z=-2.5 and z=-1.5
Answer: __________ Answer: ______________
Concept Notes
Sampling and Sampling Distributions

Definition of Terms:
Parameter – a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a population.
Example: The population mean of the electricity bills of the residents of General Tinio is P1,500.
Statistics – a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample.
Example: The sample mean of the electricity bills of 20 residents of General Tinio is P1,450.
Random Sampling – a method of selecting a sample (random sample) from a statistical population in such a
way that every possible sample that could be selected has a predetermined probability of being
selected.
Sampling Distribution – a list of all possible values for a statistic and the probability associated with each
value. The sampling distribution of a statistic is the probability distribution of that statistic.

Developmental Activities
Activity 1. Examples of Parameters and Statistics
Directions: Give at least two (2) examples for each of statistic and parameter. Look for a partner and compare
your answer. Justify your answer with your partner.
Activity 2. Sampling Distribution
Directions: Given a discrete uniform population consisting of the values 0, 1, 2, and 3. Determine all the
possible samples of size 2, with replacement, and for each sample compute 𝑥̅ . Complete the following
tables below.
Sample ̅
𝒙 Sample ̅
𝒙
Mean of Random Samples with Replacement
0 and 0 0 2 and 0 1 ̅ with Replacement
Sampling Distribution of 𝐗
0 and 1 0.5 2 and 1 1.5
̅
𝒙 f ̅)
P(𝒙
0 and 2 1 2 and 2 2
0 1 1/16
0 and 3 1.5 2 and 3 2.5
0.5 2 2/16
1 and 0 0.5 3 and 0 1.5
1.0 3 3/16
1 and 1 1 3 and 1 2
1.5 4 4/16
1 and 2 1.5 3 and 2 2.5
2.0 3 3/16
1 and 3 2 3 and 3 3
2.5 2 2/16
3.0 1 1/16

Guided Practice
Directions: Given a discrete uniform population consisting of the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Determine all the possible
samples of size 2, without replacement, and for each sample compute 𝑥̅ . Show the sampling distribution of 𝒙 ̅ with
replacement.
 Mean of Random Samples without Replacement
Outcome Sample ̅
𝒙 Outcome Sample ̅
𝒙
1 1 and 2 1.5 11 3 and 4 3.5
2 1 and 3 2 12 3 and 5 4
3 1 and 4 2.5 13 4 and 1 2.5
4 1 and 5 3 14 4 and 2 3
5 2 and 1 1.5 15 4 and 3 3.5
6 2 and 3 2.5 16 4 and 5 4.5
7 2 and 4 3 17 5 and 1 3
8 2 and 5 3.5 18 5 and 2 3.5
9 3 and 1 2 19 5 and 3 4
10 3 and 2 2.5 20 5 and 4 4.5
̅
Sampling Distribution of 𝐗 with Replacement
̅
𝒙 f ̅)
P(𝒙
1.5 2 2/20
2 2 2/20
2.5 4 4/20
3 4 4/20
3.5 4 4/20
4 2 2/20
4.5 2 2/20
Independent Practice
Directions: Given a discrete uniform population consisting of the values 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Determine all the possible
samples of size 2, without replacement, and for each sample compute 𝑥̅ . Show the sampling distribution of 𝒙 ̅ with
replacement.
Outcome Sample ̅
𝒙 Outcome Sample ̅
𝒙 Mean of Random Samples without
Replacement
1 2 and 4 3 11 6 and 8 7 ̅ with
Sampling Distribution of 𝐗
2 2 and 6 4 12 6 and 10 8
Replacement
3 2 and 8 5 13 8 and 2 5
̅
𝒙 f ̅)
P(𝒙
4 2 and 10 6 14 8 and 4 6
3
5 4 and 2 3 15 8 and 6 7
4
6 4 and 6 5 16 8 and 10 9
5
7 4 and 8 6 17 10 and 2 6
6
8 4 and 10 7 18 10 and 4 7
7
9 6 and 2 4 19 10 and 6 8
8
10 6 and 4 5 20 10 and 8 9
9

2
 Department of Education
Region III
Division of NuevaEcija
General Tinio National High School
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
NAME: SECTION:__________________ MAY 3 2023 SCORE:________

Illustrating the Central Limit Theorem

Central Limit Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem states that, for samples of size n from a normal population, the distribution of
sample means is normal with a mean equal to the mean of the population and a standard deviation equal to
the standard deviation of the population divided by the square root of the sample size. The standard deviation
of the sampling distribution of 𝑋̅ is referred to as the standard error of the statistic. (For suitably large sample
sizes, the central limit theorem also applies to populations whose distributions are not normal.)
For samples of size n, the distribution of sample means
1. is normal.
2. has a mean of 𝜇.
𝜎
3. has a standard deviation of 𝑛.
√
where 𝜇 and 𝜎 represent the mean and the standard deviation of the population from which the sample
came.
If samples of size n are randomly drawn from a population that has a mean and standard deviation of
means are approximately normally distributed for sufficiently large sample sizes (n > 30) regardless the shape
of the population distribution.
Developmental Activities
Activity 1. Mean and Standard Deviation of Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means
Directions: Study and analyze the problem below regarding on how to determine the mean and standard
deviation of sampling distribution of the sample mean.

Mean of the Sample Means is the population mean.

𝜇𝑥̅ = 𝜇
Standard Deviation of the Sample Means is the standard deviation of the population divided by square
root of n.
𝜎
𝜎𝑥̅ =
√𝑛
Problem:
Suppose a population has a mean of 180 with a standard deviation of 20 pounds. Find the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means for sample size:

a. n=50
20
The mean of the sample means is 180 and the standard deviation is = 2.83
√50
b. n=200
20
The mean of the sample means is 180 and the standard deviation is = 1.41
√200

Guided Practice
Directions: Find the mean and standard deviation of the sample means for the sample sizes in each item. 1
Suppose the population of yardsticks manufactured at a given factory have a mean length of 36 inches with a
standard deviation of 0.11 inches. Find the mean and standard deviation of the sample means for samples of sizes
shown on the table below. Round off your answer to four decimal places. Complete the table.

Mean of the Standard deviation of the

Sample size (n)
sample means sample means
50 36 .0156
200 36 .0078
350 36 .0059
800 36 .0039
3,200 36 .0019
Independent Practice
Directions: Find the mean and standard deviation of the sample means for the sample sizes in each item.
Suppose the population mean for the SAT score is 550 with a standard deviation of 75. Find the mean and
standard deviation of the sample means for samples of size sizes shown on the table below. Round off your answer to
two decimal places. Complete the table.

Mean of the Standard deviation of the

Sample size (n)
sample means sample means
50
200
800
950
1,200
 1,350
1,600
2,150
2,890
3,140
3,200

“Explore” Activity
Complete the Phrase!
Directions: Solve the problems and choose the letter of your answer on the right side that best correspond. Write
your answers on the numbered boxes.
Choices
1. n = 50 σ = 20 𝜎𝑥 = ? A. 1.73
2. n = 80 σ=? 𝜎𝑥 = 4.2 G. 1.12
3. n = 400 σ = 4.5 𝜎𝑥 = ? E. 130.77
4. n = 432 σ = 2.5 𝜎𝑥 = ? I. 2.83
5. n = ? σ = 45 𝜎𝑥 = 1.45 R 5.57
6. n = 76 σ=? 𝜎𝑥 = 15 A. 37.57
7. n = ? σ = 45 𝜎𝑥 = 15 M. 0.23
8. n = 76 σ = 34 𝜎𝑥 = ? T. 3.90
Write your answers here:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Department of Education
Region III
Division of NuevaEcija
General Tinio National High School
General Tinio, Nueva Ecija
NAME: SECTION:__________________ MAY 4 2023 SCORE:________

Finding the Probabilities using Central Limit Theorem

Concept Notes
Steps in Finding the Probabilities using Central Limit Theorem:

1. Identify the parts of the problem. Your question should state:

a. the mean (𝜇)
b. the standard deviation (𝜎)
c. population size
d. sample size (n)
e. a number associated with “greater than” or/and “less than” 𝑋̅.
2. Draw a graph of normal curve. Label the center with mean. Shade the area roughly below/above 𝑋̅ or in
between 𝑋̅𝑠.
3. Use the following formula to find the z-score.
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
4. Use your previous knowledge on finding the area under the normal curve given the z-score and the condition in
 your problem (refer to Step 2).

Developmental Activities
Activity. Mean and Standard Deviation of Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means
Directions: Study and analyze the problem below regarding on how to determine the probabilities using central
limit theorem.

Problem:
A certain group of welfare recipients receives benefits of P1100 per week with a standard deviation of P200. If a
random sample of 25 people is taken, what is the probability their mean benefit will be greater than 1200 per
week?
Solution:
1. Given: 𝜇 = 1,100 , 𝜎 = 200 , 𝑛 = 25 and 𝑥̅ = 1200
2. Draw a graph of normal curve.

3. Compute the z-value:

𝑥̅ −𝜇 1200−1100
A 𝑧= 𝜎 = 200 = 2.5
√𝑛 √25
4. Looking at the z-table, the tabular value of z=2.5 is 0.4938. Since greater than 1,200 is being asked in the
problem, then 0.5 − 0.4938 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐 is the probability.

Guided Practice
Directions: Answer the problems below regarding on how to determine the probabilities using central limit theorem.
1. The weight of adult males are normally distributed with a mean of 172 pounds and a standard deviation of 29
pounds. What is the probability that 25 randomly selected males will have a mean weight of more than 180 pounds?
Answer: 0.0838

2. The length of pregnancies are normally distributed with a mean of 268 days and a standard deviation of 15 days. If 20
women are randomly selected, find the probability that their lengths of pregnancy have a mean that is less than 260
days.
Answer: 0.0087

Independent Practice
Directions: Answer the problems below regarding on how to determine the probabilities using central limit theorem.
1. A population of 29 year-old males has a mean salary of P29,321 with a standard deviation of P2,120. If a sample of
100 men is taken, what is the probability their mean salaries will be more than P29,000?
Answer:

2. There are 250 dogs at a dog show who weigh an average of 12 pounds, with a standard deviation of 8 pounds. If 4
dogs are chosen at random, what is the probability they have an average weight of greater than 7 pounds and less
than 19 pounds?
Answer:
3. Men head breadths that are normally distributed with a mean of 6.0 in and 1.0 standard deviation. Find the
probability that 100 randomly selected men have a mean head breadth that is less than 6.2 in.
Answer:

“Explore” Activity
Are you ready to solve a harder one? Try it!

Suppose that you have a sample of 100 values from a population with mean µ = 500 and with standard
deviation σ = 80.
a. What is the probability that the sample mean will be more than 490 but less than 510?
Answer:
Give an interval that covers the middle 95% of the distribution of the sample mean.
Answer: