Method

Methane

1. A model of the methane molecule was built up with the balls and sticks provided. The angle
between the sigma bonds (C-H) was determined in the molecule with the aid of a protractor.

Alkenes

2. A model of the ethene molecule was built up with the balls and sticks provided. The rubber bond
was used to represented the double bond. The angle between the bonds (H-C-H) and (H-C-C) were
determined in the molecule with the aid of a protractor.

Benzene

3.The models of the benzene and cyclohexane molecules were built up. The angle between the
sigma bonds (C-C-C) was determined in the molecule with the aid of a protractor.The structure of
the benzene and cyclohexane molecules were differentiated.

Geometrical isomers

4. A model of the 2-buthene molecule was built up with the balls and sticks provided. The rubber
bond was used to represented the double bond. The different configurations of atom in the cis and
trans isomers were observed. Next, a model of the 2-3,dimethylbut-2-ene molecule was built up and
also a model of the 1,2-dichloroethane molecule was built up.

Ethane

5. A model of the ethane molecule was built up and derived two different confirmations.Next, it was
drew as Newman Projections.

Butane

6. A model of the butane molecule was built up with the balls and sticks provided. The staggered
conformations and eclipsed conformations were found. The minimum distance between hydrogen
atoms on the methly groups was measured.

Optical isomers

7. A model of the CHClOHBr was built up with balls of different colours to represented the OH,Br and
Cl groups. Next, a model of mirror reflection was built up for determind wheter isn’t it superimpose.

CH2FCl model was built up to determind the exhibit optical isomerism and a model of CH3CH2COOH
was built up.