Revision 2-2

At higher elevation airports the pilot should know that indicated airspeed should be
unchanged, and groundspeed will be faster.

The performance tables of an aircraft for takeoff and climb are based on what altitude?
Pressure and/or density altitude.

Airfield elevation is 4,500 feet, temperature 37°C and QFE 871. what is the density altitude?
QNH: QFE + (elevation/ 29.5)
871 + (4500/29.5) ≈ 1023.54
PA = (( 1013.25 - QNH ) * 29.5 ) + FieldElev.
= 4,196 feet.
DA (ft) = PA + ( 118.8 * ( OAT- ISA ))
= 7,867 feet.

What effect does an uphill runway slope have on takeoff performance?

Increases takeoff distance.

What maximum range fador decreases as wagh deceases?

Airspeed.

What happens to Vy with altitude?

Vy decreases with altitude due to the fact that the aircraft needs to fly at a higher true
airspeed to maintain the same indicated airspeed as the altitude increases. This is
because the air density decreases with altitude, which means that the same indicated
airspeed corresponds to a higher true airspeed at higher altitudes.
Therefore, to maintain the same climb rate, the aircraft needs to fly at a higher true
airspeed, which means that the best rate of climb speed (Vy) decreases with altitude. In
general, the Vy decreases by about 2-3 knots per 1,000 feet of altitude gain.
What happens to Vx with altitude?
Vx decreases with altitude due to the fact that the aircraft needs to fly at a higher true
airspeed to maintain the same indicated airspeed as the altitude increases. This is
because the air density decreases with altitude, which means that the same indicated
airspeed corresponds to a higher true airspeed at higher altitudes.
Therefore, to maintain the same angle of climb, the aircraft needs to fly at a higher true
airspeed, which means that the best angle of climb speed (Vx) decreases with altitude. In
general, the Vx decreases by about 1-2 knots per 1,000 feet of altitude gain.

What is the speed of the aircraft in relation to the air mass in which it is flying?
TAS

What is hydroplaning?
Hydroplaning in aviation is when an aircraft's wheels lose traction on a wet runway
surface, causing it to slide uncontrollably. It is a serious safety concern.

Apart from a loss in braking performance, what other important factors must be considered
in case of hydroplaning?
In case of hydroplaning, other important factors to consider include the aircraft's speed,
weight, and runway surface conditions, as well as the pilot's training and experience in
handling such situations. The presence of crosswinds, the length of the runway, and the
availability of emergency procedures and equipment are also important factors to
consider.

If you are landing on a wet runway and hydroplaning is expected, what should your planning
include, to make a safe landing?
If you are landing on a wet runway and hydroplaning is expected, your planning should
include the following steps to make a safe landing:
1. Check the runway conditions and weather reports before landing.
2. Reduce your speed and use maximum reverse thrust and braking to slow down.
3. Keep the aircraft's weight as light as possible by reducing fuel and cargo.
4. Use a longer runway if available to allow for a longer landing distance.
5. Avoid sudden movements or sharp turns to prevent skidding or sliding.
6. Be prepared to execute a go-around if the landing conditions are unsafe.
7. Follow the manufacturer's recommended procedures for hydroplaning situations.
8. Maintain situational awareness and communicate with air traffic control and other crew
members.