GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is the
process of
and integration
among people,
companies, and
governments
worldwide.

As a complex and multifaceted phenomenon,

globalization is considered by some as a form of
capitalist expansion which entails the integration of local
and national economies into a global, unregulated
market economy.
Globalism vs. globalization

• Globalism is the idea that events in one country cannot

be separated from those in another and
that economic and foreign policy should be planned in
an international way.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/

• the attitude or policy of placing the interests of the entire world

above those of individual nations.

• https://www.dictionary.com/browse/globalism
• Another is viewing the entire world as a proper sphere
for one nation to project political influence.

• American political scientist Joseph Nye, co-founder of

the international relations theory of neoliberalism,
argues that

• globalism refers to any description and explanation of a world

which is characterized by networks of connections that span
multi-continental distances;

• while globalization refers to the increase or decline in the

degree of globalism.
• Though many scholars place the origins of globalization
in modern times, others trace its history to long before
the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the
New World, and some even to the third millennium BC.
• The term first appeared in the early 20th century,

• developed its current meaning some time in the

second half of the 20th century,

• came into popular use in the 1990s.

• Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s,

• in the late 19th century and early 20th century drove a

rapid expansion in the connectivity of the world's
economies and cultures.
 TYPES

• Political Globalization

• Cultural Globalization

•
Economic globalization is the
increasing economic
interdependence of national
economies across the world
through a rapid increase in cross-
border movement of goods,
services, technology, and capital.

the process of increasing

economic integration between
countries, leading to the
emergence of a global
marketplace or a single world
market.
• Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of
ideas, meanings, and values around the world in
such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.
• This process is marked by the common consumption
of cultures that have been diffused by the Internet,
popular culture media, and international travel.
• The circulation of cultures
enables individuals to partake
in extended social relations
that cross national and
regional borders. The creation
and expansion of such social
relations is not merely
observed on a material level.

• Cultural globalization involves

the formation of shared norms
and knowledge with which
people associate their
individual and collective
cultural identities.

• It brings increasing
interconnectedness among
different populations and
cultures.
• Political globalization
refers to the growth of
the worldwide political
system, both in size and
complexity.

• That system includes national governments, their

governmental and intergovernmental organizations as
well as government-independent elements of global
civil society such as international non-governmental
organizations and social movement organizations.
• One of the key aspects of the political globalization is
the declining importance of the nation-state and the
rise of other actors on the political scene.

• William R. Thompson has defined it as "the expansion of

a global political system, and its institutions, in which
inter-regional transactions (including, but certainly not
limited to trade) are managed".

• Political globalization is one of the three main

dimensions of globalization commonly found in
academic literature, with the two other being
economic globalization and cultural globalization.
• Financial globalization: can be linked with the rise of
a global financial system with international financial
exchanges and monetary exchanges.

Stock markets, for instance, are a great example of the

financially connected global world since when one
stock market has a decline, it affects other markets
negatively as well as the economy as a whole.

• Sociological globalization: information moves almost

in real-time, together with the interconnection and
interdependence of events and their consequences.
People move all the time too, mixing and integrating
different societies;
• Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which
millions of people are interconnected thanks to the power of
the digital world via platforms such as Facebook, Instagram,
Skype or Youtube.

• Geographic globalization: is the new organization and

hierarchy of different regions of the world that is constantly
changing. Moreover, with transportation and flying made so
easy and affordable, apart from a few countries with
demanding visas, it is possible to travel the world without
barely any restrictions;

• Ecological globalization: accounts for the idea of considering

planet Earth as a single global entity – a common good all
societies should protect since the weather affects everyone
and we are all protected by the same atmosphere. To this
regard, it is often said that the poorest countries that have
been polluting the least will suffer the most from climate
change.

• https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-benefits-
effects-examples/
GLOBALIZATION: good or bad
Positive Aspects of Globalization:

1. improved standard of living;

2. competition results to low prices and good product

quality;

3. developing countries reap benefits without going

through the growing pains;

4. governments cooperate to achieve common goals; and

5. greater access to foreign culture creating more choices.

Negative Aspects of Globalization:

1. outsourcing take away jobs;

2. some cultural beliefs fade or disappear;

3. diseases spread;

4. lack of regulation lead to environmental degradation;

5. poor countries adopt policies not applicable to them.