Nama : Disha Mahira

Nim : 042797645

Mata Kuliah : PBIS4102/Cross Cultural Understanding

Tugas 3
Social Relations

Culture and language are related to each other, so that most of the cultural attitudes built
by native speakers are reflected in their speech patterns. Language is a product of culture and
culture is shaped by language. With language we can see culture. Forms of communication in
speaking can be formal and informal. This degree of formality reflects cultural and social values
in society. With the existing culture and scope of the language environment, it often affects the
way we communicate with one another. So that cultural and social values can be reflected in the
way of communication and interaction they use. In English people tend to communicate using
formal language with strangers or with people of higher status, while informal language tends to
be used with family, friends and colleagues. The level of formality depends on the relationship
and the topic being discussed as well as other factors.

The language environment is a particular area where language grows, develops, and is
used by its speakers. This includes everything that can be heard, seen and influences the
communication process in language. The formal language environment is usually formed in an
official and planned manner, while the informal environment is more natural without being
formed in a planned manner. Expressions in Indonesian are almost the same as in English,
namely there are formal and non-formal expressions used in certain situations, but expressions in
English use sentences that are long, complex and equipped with perfect grammar. Apart from
that, in Indonesian there are also expressions of agreeing and disagreeing, and so on.

Example of a formal expression :

Introducing People

- Please allow me, to introduce our new friend.

- Let me introduce you to my classmate.

- "Rio, this is Alex."

- I would like to introduce you to my friend, Alexa.

Agree and disagree

Agree

Complete agreement

More formal

- In my opinion, you are correct

- I could agree more

- That's exactly how I feel

- I agree with that

Less formal

- I agree

- Yeah

- Right

- Great

Disagree

In English there are two ways to disagree with someone; directly and indirectly.

Direct disagreement

- No, it doesn't.

- No, they are not.

Indirect disegreement
- I couldn't diisagree more,

- I'm sorry but I have to disagree

- No, that is wrong.

Asking for permission

- Would you mind if I ask you something?

- Could I borrow your book, please?

- I wonder if I could possibly go out tonight?

Giving permission

- Of course

- Yes certainly you can

- Sure

- It's okay.

More formal expressions are used in more serious situations, and are used when talking
to someone you don't really know to sound more polite and respectful. Meanwhile, informal
expressions are used in everyday conversations and in more relaxed situations. These formal
expressions are usually used in context, when talking to older people, talking to strangers, when
giving speeches, writing in theses or scientific papers and in other official situations.

References :

Riyanti, Rahayu Dwi dkk. (2022). Cross Cultural Understanding (edisi 2). Tangerang Selatan:
Universitas Terbuka.

Purba, A. (2013). Peranan lingkungan bahasa dalam pemerolehan bahasa kedua. Pena: Jurnal
Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 2(2).