Wakefield - Wikipedia

Wakefield - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Wakefield
Wakefield
Coordinates: 53°40′57″N 1°29′51″W
Wakefield is a cathedral city in West Yorkshire, England located

on the River Calder. The city had a population of 109,766 in the Wakefield
2021 census, up from 99,251 in the 2011 census.[1] The city is the
City
administrative centre of the wider City of Wakefield metropolitan
district, which had a 2021 population of 353,368, the 23rd most
populous district in England. It is part of the West Yorkshire Built-
up Area and the Yorkshire and The Humber region.
In 1888, it was one of the last group of towns to gain city status due
to having a cathedral. The city has a town hall and county hall, as
the former administrative centre of the city's county borough and
metropolitan borough as well as county town to both the West
Riding of Yorkshire and West Yorkshire, respectively.
Wakefield Cathedral, panorama of the
The Battle of Wakefield took place in the Wars of the Roses, and the
city was a Royalist stronghold in the Civil War. Wakefield became City from Sandal Castle, County Hall,
an important market town and centre for wool, exploiting its Trinity Walk, Upper Kirkgate
position on the navigable River Calder to become an inland port. In
the 18th century, Wakefield traded in corn, coal and textiles.
History
Wakefield
Toponymy
The name Wakefield may derive from "Waca's field" – the open
land belonging to someone named "Waca" or could have evolved Location within West Yorkshire
from the Old English word wacu, meaning "a watch or wake", and
feld, an open field in which a wake or festival was held.[2][3] In the Area 11.3 sq mi
Domesday Book of 1086, it was written Wachefeld and also as (29 km2)
Wachefelt. Population 109,766 (2021)
• Density 9,714/sq mi
Early history (3,751/km2)
Flint and stone tools and later bronze and iron implements have OS grid reference SE335205
been found at Lee Moor and Lupset in the Wakefield area showing • London 160 mi
evidence of human activity since prehistoric times.[4] This part of Metropolitan borough City of
Yorkshire was home to the Brigantes until the Roman occupation in
Wakefield
AD 43. A Roman road from Pontefract passing Streethouse, Heath
Common, Ossett Street Side, through Kirklees and on to Metropolitan county West
Manchester crossed the River Calder by a ford at Wakefield near Yorkshire
the site of Wakefield Bridge.[5] A large group of coin moulds, the
Region Yorkshire and
Lingwell Gate coin moulds, representing Romano-British coin
the Humber
forgery were found at Lingwell Gate between 1697 and 1879.[6]
Wakefield was probably occupied again, this time by the Angles, in Country England
the 5th or 6th century, and after AD 876 the area was controlled by Sovereign state United
the Vikings who founded twelve hamlets or thorpes around Kingdom
Wakefield.[nb 1] They divided the area into wapentakes and
Wakefield was part of the Wapentake of Agbrigg. The settlement Post town WAKEFIELD
grew near a crossing place on the River Calder around three roads,
1 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
Wakefield - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakefield
Westgate, Northgate and Kirkgate.[8] The "gate" suffix derives from Postcode district WF1-WF4
Old Norse gata meaning road[9] and kirk, from kirkja indicates Dialling code 01924
there was a church.[10]
Police West
Before 1066 the manor of Wakefield belonged to Edward the Yorkshire
Confessor and it passed to William the Conqueror after the Battle of
Fire West
Hastings.[11] After the Conquest Wakefield was a victim of the
Yorkshire
Harrying of the North in 1069 when William the Conqueror took
revenge on the local population for resistance to Norman rule. The Ambulance Yorkshire
settlement was recorded as Wachfeld in the Domesday Book of UK Parliament
Wakefield
1086, and covered a much greater area than present day Wakefield,
much of which was described as "waste".[12] The manor was granted Hemsworth
by the crown to William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey whose Normanton,
descendants, the Earls Warenne, inherited it after his death in Pontefract
1088.[13] The construction of Sandal Castle began early in the and
12th century.[14] A second castle, Wakefield Castle, was built at Castleford
Lawe Hill on the north side of the Calder but was abandoned.[15]
Wakefield and its environs formed the caput of an extensive baronial holding by the Warennes that extended
to Cheshire and Lancashire. The Warennes, and their feudal sublords, held the area until the 14th century,
when it passed to their heirs.[16] Norman tenants holding land in the region included the Lyvet family at
Lupset.[17]
The Domesday Book recorded two churches, one in Wakefield and one in Sandal Magna.[18] The Saxon church
in Wakefield was rebuilt in about 1100 in stone in the Norman style and was continually enlarged until 1315
when the central tower collapsed. By 1420 the church was again rebuilt and was extended between 1458 and
1475.
In 1203 William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey received a grant for a market in the town. [19] In 1204 King
John granted the rights for a fair at the feast of All Saints, 1 November, and in 1258 Henry III granted the right
for fair on the feast of Saint John the Baptist, 24 June. The market was close to the Bull Ring and the
church.[19] The townsfolk of Wakefield amused themselves in games and sports, the chief sport in the
14th century was archery and the butts in Wakefield were at the Ings, near the river.[20] Wakefield was dubbed
the "Merrie City" in the Middle Ages.[21]
During the Wars of the Roses, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York was killed on 30
December 1460 in the Battle of Wakefield near Sandal Castle. In medieval times
Wakefield became an inland port on the Calder and centre for the woollen and tanning
trades. In 1538 John Leland described Wakefield as, "a very quick market town and
meately large; well served of fish and flesh both from sea and by rivers ... so that all vitaile
is very good and chepe there. A right honest man shall fare well for 2d. a meal. ... There
be plenti of se coal in the quarters about Wakefield".[nb 2] As preparation for the
impending invasion by the Spanish Armada in April 1558, 400 men from the wapentake
of Morley and Agbrigg were summoned to Bruntcliffe near Morley with their weapons.
Memorial to the Men from Kirkgate, Westgate, Northgate and Sandal were amongst them and all returned
Duke of York, by August.[23]
killed in battle,
1460 At the time of the Civil War, Wakefield was a Royalist stronghold. An attack led by Sir
Thomas Fairfax on 20 May 1643 captured the town for the Parliamentarians. Over 1500
troops were taken prisoner along with the Royalist commander, Lieutenant-General
Goring.[24]
In 1699 an Act of Parliament was passed creating the Aire and Calder Navigation which provided the town
with access to the North Sea.[25] The first Registry of Deeds in the country opened in 1704 and in 1765
Wakefield's cattle market was established and became the one of largest in the north of England. The town was
a centre for cloth dealing, with its own piece hall, the Tammy Hall, built in 1766. [22] In the late 1700s Georgian
town houses and St John's Church were built to the north of the town centre.[25][26]
Industrial Revolution
At the start of the 19th century Wakefield was a wealthy market town and inland port trading in wool and
2 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
grain.[27] The Aire and Calder and Calder and Hebble Navigations and the
Barnsley Canal were instrumental in the development of Wakefield as an
important market for grain and more was sold here than at any other
market in the north. Large warehouses were built on the river banks to
store grain from Norfolk, Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire to supply the
fast-growing population in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Great quantities
of barley were grown in the neighbourhood and in 1885 more malt was
made in Wakefield "than in any district of equal extent in the kingdom". [28]
The market developed in the streets around the Bull Ring, and the cattle Wakefield Westgate c. 1900
market between George Street and Ings Road grew to be one of the biggest
in the country.[29] Road transport using turnpiked roads was important.
Regular mail coaches departed to Leeds, London, Manchester, York and Sheffield and the 'Strafford Arms' was
an important coaching inn.[30] The railways arrived in Wakefield in 1840 when Kirkgate station was built on
the Manchester and Leeds Railway.
When cloth dealing declined, wool spinning mills using steam power were built by the river. There was a glass
works in Calder Vale Road, several breweries including Melbourne's and Beverley's Eagle Breweries,
engineering works with strong links to the mining industry, soapworks and brickyards in Eastmoor, giving the
town a diverse economy.[31][32] Boats and sloops were built at yards on the Calder.[28] On the outskirts of the
town, coal had been dug since the 15th century and 300 men were employed in the town's coal pits in 1831. [22]
During the 19th century more mines were sunk so that there were 46 small mines in Wakefield and the
surrounding area by 1869.[32][33] The National Coal Board eventually became Wakefield's largest employer
with Manor Colliery on Cross Lane and Park Hill colliery at Eastmoor surviving until 1982. [34] Wakefield was
also the site of the founding of the Miners' Association of Great Britain and Ireland, the country's first national
trade union for miners, in 1842.[35]
During the 19th century Wakefield became the administrative centre for the West Riding, when many familiar
buildings were constructed.[36] The first civic building in Wood Street, the court house, was built in 1810.[37]
The West Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum was built at Stanley Royd, just outside the town on Aberford Road in
1816. During the 19th century, the Wakefield Asylum played a central role in the development of British
psychiatry, with Henry Maudsley and James Crichton-Browne amongst its medical staff. Most of it is now
demolished. The old House of Correction of 1595 was rebuilt as Wakefield Prison in 1847.[38] Wakefield Union
workhouse[39] was built on Park Lodge Lane, Eastmoor in 1853 and Clayton Hospital was built in 1854 after a
donation from Alderman Thomas Clayton.[36] The Mechanics Institute containing an Assembly Room, public
library and newsroom supported by subscription was built in Wood Street in 1820–1821 in the Classical style
with Ionic details. Wakefield Literary Society ran there from 1827 until the 20th century and its Geological
Society left artefacts to Wakefield Museum.[28]
Up to 1837 Wakefield relied on wells and springs for its water supply; water from the River Calder was
polluted, and various water supply schemes were unsuccessful until reservoirs on the Rishworth Moors and a
service reservoir at Ardsley were built providing clean water from 1888.[40] By 1885 the streets of the town
were paved and flagged and lit with gas supplied by a company incorporated in 1822. [28] Between 1870 and
1885 they made improvements on the north side of town around St John's Church now a conservation area.[41]
20th century
On 2 June 1906, Andrew Carnegie opened a new Wakefield Library on Drury Lane which had been built with a
grant of £8,000 from the Carnegie Trust.[42]
There are seven ex-council estates in Wakefield which the council started to build after the First World War,
the oldest is Portobello, the largest is Lupset and the rest are Flanshaw, Plumpton, Peacock, Eastmoor and
Kettlethorpe. Homes not bought by occupants under the Right to Buy scheme were transferred to a registered
social landlord, Wakefield and District Housing (WDH) in 2005.[43] The outlying villages of Sandal Magna,
Belle Vue and Agbrigg have become suburbs of Wakefield.
The glass and textile industries closed in the 1970s and 1980s, and coal faced competition from alternative
sources and demand decreased. The coal mines around Wakefield were amongst the first in Yorkshire to close
under the government of Margaret Thatcher, which altered the national energy policy from a reliance on
British coal and opposed the political power of the NUM. Between 1979 and 1983, the pits at Lofthouse,
Manor, Newmarket, Newmillerdam, Parkhill and Walton all closed.[44] As the Wakefield pits closed, the Selby
3 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
Coalfield was being opened, many colliers in Wakefield accepted offers to transfer to the new pits which were
built to facilitate commuting.[45]
An April 2021 article in The Guardian discussed nearby Heath (or Heath Common), the "village of the [200
year old] mansions", located "around the edge of the green". These housed the wealthy merchants and
business owners.[46] The local newspaper published specifics about one of the mansions in March 2021: Dower
House was built c. 1740; it was constructed for John Smyth by John Carr, of Yorkshire stone, and "retains
many original features". It was intended to house widows.[47][48] The Dower House is a Grade II*listed
property; it was modified in the early 1800s.[49]
The nearby Heath Hall, Heath, West Yorkshire, formerly known as Eshald House, was also built c. 1709 for the
wealthy wool trader, John Smyth. The Hall was modified by John Carr between 1754 and 1780 for the original
owner's nephew (also known as John Smyth). The Hall is a Grade I listed building. [50]
Governance
Wakefield was anciently a market and
parish town in the Agbrigg division of
the wapentake of Agbrigg and Morley
in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It
became a parliamentary borough with
one Member of Parliament after the
Reform Act 1832. In 1836 the
Wakefield Poor Law Union was formed
following the Poor Law Amendment
Act 1834 with an elected board of
guardians.[51] The town was
incorporated as a municipal borough
with elected councillors in 1848 under
the Municipal Corporations Act
1835.[52]
Wakefield Town Hall Wakefield County Hall
Wakefield was the de facto seat of
regional government in Yorkshire for
two centuries and became the county headquarters of the West Riding County Council created by the Local
Government Act 1888.[53] After Wakefield was elevated to a diocese in 1888, Wakefield council sought city
status which was granted the same year.[54] Wakefield became a county borough in 1913.[55] In 1974, under the
terms of the Local Government Act 1972, the county borough became defunct as it merged with surrounding
local authorities to become the City of Wakefield district.
Today the city is the headquarters of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council, Yorkshire Ambulance Service
and West Yorkshire Police.[56][57] Since 1987, the district council has been based in County Hall.[58]
Wakefield is covered by four electoral wards (Wakefield East, Wakefield North, Wakefield South and
Wakefield West) of the Wakefield Metropolitan District Council. Each ward elects three councillors to the 63-
member metropolitan district council, Wakefield's local authority. In 2015 all the councillors elected for
Wakefield East, North and West were members of the Labour Party and the councillors for Wakefield South
represent the Conservative Party.[59]
The parliamentary seat of Wakefield had been held by the Labour Party continuously from 1932 until the 2019
general election, when the Conservative Party's Imran Ahmad Khan defeated the incumbent Mary Creagh.[60]
The Conservative Party expelled Khan from the party on 11 April 2022, following a conviction of sexual
assault.[61] He announced three days after his conviction that he would be resigning as an MP, and left his post
on 3 May, triggering the 2022 Wakefield by-election,[62][63] which was held on 23 June and won by Labour's
Simon Lightwood.
The Wakefield South ward covering Sandal, Kettlethorpe, Agbrigg and Belle Vue, is in the Hemsworth
constituency, represented by the Labour party's Jon Trickett since 1996. He was re-elected in May 2010,[64]
and returned in 2015 with 51.3% of the vote.[65] The seat has been held by the Labour Party since its creation
in 1918.
4 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
Geography
Wakefield is 9 miles (14 km) south-east
of Leeds and 28 miles (45 km) south-
west of York on the eastern edge of the
Pennines in the lower Calder Valley.
The city centre is sited on a low hill on
the north bank of the River Calder close
to a crossing place where it is spanned
by a 14th-century, nine-arched, stone River Calder
bridge and a reinforced concrete bridge
Pugneys Country Park. built in 1929–1930.[66][67] It is at the
junction of major north–south routes to Sheffield, Leeds and Doncaster
and west–east routes to Huddersfield, Dewsbury and Pontefract.
Wakefield is within the area of the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire & Yorkshire coalfield and lies on the middle
coal measures and sandstones laid down in the Carboniferous period.[68]
Wakefield includes the former outlying villages of Alverthorpe, Thornes, Sandal, Portobello, Belle Vue,
Agbrigg, Lupset, Kettlethorpe and Flanshaw. In the 2011 Census, Newton Hill, Outwood, Stanley and
Wrenthorpe were counted as parts of Wakefield, having been classified separately in the 2001 Census.
Climate data for Wakefield [hide]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average 7 7 9 12 16 18 21 21 17 13 9 7 13
high °C (°F) (44) (44) (49) (53) (60) (65) (69) (69) (63) (56) (49) (45) (56)
Average low 2 2 3 4 7 10 12 12 10 7 4 3 6
°C (°F) (36) (36) (37) (39) (45) (50) (54) (54) (50) (45) (39) (37) (44)
Average
87 64 68 62 56 67 51 64 64 74 78 92 827
precipitation
(3.41) (2.50) (2.67) (2.46) (2.19) (2.63) (2.01) (2.50) (2.53) (2.91) (3.06) (3.62) (32.49)
mm (inches)
Source: [69]
Neighbouring towns and places
Demography
In 2001 the Wakefield subdivision of the West
Wakefield Compared in 2008
Yorkshire Urban Area had a population of 76,886[71]
comprising 37,477 males and 39,409 females.[71] Also 2008 UK Yorkshire
at the time of the 2001 UK census, the City of Population Wakefield and the England
Wakefield had a total population of 315,172 of whom
Estimates[70] Humber
161,962 were female and 153,210 were male. Of the
132,212 households in Wakefield, 39.56% were Total
married couples living together, 28.32% were one- 322,300 5,213,200 51,446,200
population
person households, 9.38% were cohabiting couples
and 9.71% were lone parents. The figures for lone- White 95.7% 90.6% 88.2%
parent households were slightly above the national
average of 9.5%, and the percentage of married Asian 2.4% 5.7% 5.7%
couples was above the national average of 36.5%; the
Black 0.5% 1.3% 2.8%
proportion of one-person households was below the
national average of 30.1%.[72]
The population density was 9.31/km2 (24.1/sq mi). Of those aged 16–74 in Wakefield, 39.14% had no academic
qualifications, much higher than 28.9% in all of England. Of Wakefield's residents, 2.53% were born outside
the United Kingdom, significantly lower than the national average of 9.2%. The largest minority group was
recorded as Asian, at 1.41% of the population.
5 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
The number of theft-from-a-vehicle offences and theft of a vehicle per

1,000 of the population was 7.9 and 3.9 compared to the English national
average of 6.3 and 2.3 respectively.[73] The number of sexual offences was
0.9, in line with the national average.[73] The national average of violence
against another person was 16.7 compared to the Wakefield average of
15.[73] The figures for crime statistics were all recorded during the
2008–09 financial year.
High Rises on the Kirkgate Estate

Population change
Wakefield had a population of 76,886 in 2001.[74] At the 2011 Census, the

population was given as 99,251.[75] However, these two estimates are not
directly comparable, as the 2001 Census did not classify the old Stanley
Urban District as part of Wakefield whereas the 2011 Census classified all
settlements in this area except Bottom Boat (a small village built for
Newmarket Colliery workers) as parts of Wakefield.
Gill Sike House, Horbury Road
Terraced housing on Silcoates

Street
Population growth in Wakefield from 1881 to 1961
Year 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961
Population 22,173 23,315 24,107 43,588 52,891 59,122 56,963 60,371 61,268
Wakefield RSD 1881 – 1911[76] Wakefield MB/CB 1921 – 1961[77]
Economy
The economy of Wakefield declined in the last quarter of the 20th century as the coal mines and traditional
manufacturing industries closed, contributing to high rates of unemployment. In the Index of Multiple
Deprivation 2015, 14.35% of the district's lower super-output areas were in the most deprived 10% of
England.[79]
Employment grew by 12% between 1998 and 2003 as the economy recovered and enjoyed growth as the
economic base of the district was diversified. Growth has been supported by inward investment from
European and United Kingdom government funding which has impacted on the regeneration of the area.
Manufacturing remains an important employment sector although the decline is projected to continue whilst
distribution and the service industries are now among the main employers. [80]
At the 2001 census, there were 33,521 people in employment who were resident within Wakefield. Of these,
20.74% worked in the wholesale and retail trade, including repair of motor vehicles; 14.42% worked within
manufacturing industry; 11% worked within the health and social work sector and 6.49% were employed in the
6 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
transport, storage and communication industries.[81]

Wakefield is a member of the Leeds City Region Wakefield Compared
Partnership, a sub-regional economic development
partnership covering an area of the historic county of WY
2001 UK
Yorkshire.[82] Wakefield Urban England
Census
Area
Regeneration Population
55,789 1,072,276 35,532,091
(16–74)
Regeneration projects in Wakefield included the Trinity
Walk retail development to the north east of the city
Full-time
centre, including a department store, a supermarket 39.7% 39.5% 40.8%
employment
and shop units.[83] Work began in autumn 2007 but
was halted in 2009, restarted in 2010 and opened in Part-time
2011.[84] The central square at the Bull Ring has been 12.4% 12.1% 11.8%
employment
redesigned with a water feature and the Ridings
Shopping Centre refurbished.[85] Wakefield Westgate Self
6.7% 6.3% 8.3%
Station goods yard and land on Westgate and Balne employed
Lane have been developed to create retail, residential
and commercial space including new offices, a multi- Unemployed 4.1% 3.8% 3.3%
storey carpark serving the station, and a hotel.[86]
Retired 14.1% 12.8% 13.5%
Developments by the river and canal, the "Wakefield Source: Office for National Statistics[78]
Waterfront", include the refurbishment of the Grade II
listed Navigation Warehouse and office, retail,
restaurant and cafe units. The development includes the art gallery, The
Hepworth Wakefield named in honour of local sculptor, Barbara Hepworth
which opened in May 2011. The gallery has ten internal spaces, exhibiting
many examples of Hepworth's work. The gallery added about £10 million
to the local economy by attracting 500,000 visitors in its first year.[87]
Flats and offices were built at Chantry Waters, on an island between the
river and canal.
Trinity Walk shopping centre
Landmarks
The most prominent landmark in Wakefield is Wakefield Cathedral, which
at 247 feet (75 m) has the tallest spire in Yorkshire.[88][89] Other
landmarks in the Civic Quarter on Wood Street include the Grade
II*Neoclassical Crown Court of 1810,[90] Wakefield Town Hall designed by
T.E. Collcutt and opened in 1880,[91] and the County Hall of 1898 built in a
Queen Anne Style which are Grade I listed.[92] St John's Church and
Square, St John's North and South Parade are part of residential
development dating from the Georgian period.
Chantry Bridge over the River The old Wakefield Bridge with its Chantry Chapel, Sandal Castle, and Lawe
Calder Hill in Clarence Park are ancient monuments.[93] Another prominent
structure is the 95-arch railway viaduct, constructed of 800,000,000
bricks in the 1860s on the Doncaster to Leeds railway line. At its northern
end is a bridge with an 80-foot (24 m) span over Westgate and at its southern end a 163-foot (50 m) iron
bridge crossing the River Calder.[94]
The Ridings Centre, opened in 1983, was a UK first and served as a template for many shopping centres
throughout the UK.[95]
Clayton Hospital, a substantial Victorian edifice completed in 1880, closed in 2012 and has since been
demolished.[96]
Transport
Wakefield has good access to the motorway system, with the intersection of the M1 and M62 motorways,
7 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
junctions 42/29, lying to the north west, whilst the M1 to the west is
accessed at junctions 39, 40 and 41. The A1(M) is to the east of the district.
Wakefield is crossed by the A61, A638, and A642 roads and is the starting
point of the A636 and A650 roads.
The council is working with West Yorkshire Metro, the other four West
Yorkshire district councils and transport operators to provide an integrated
transport system for the district through the implementation of the West
Yorkshire Local Transport Plan.[97] A network of local buses, coordinated The brick-built 95-arch viaduct in
by West Yorkshire Metro and departing from Wakefield bus station in the Wakefield
town centre, serves Wakefield and district. Buses are operated by Arriva
Yorkshire, Watersons Coaches, Poppletons, Team Pennine, Stagecoach
Yorkshire and National Express.[98]
Wakefield Westgate station opened in 1867 on the Doncaster to Leeds line.

It has connections to the East Coast Main Line, trains to Leeds, Doncaster,
and stations towards London King's Cross. CrossCountry trains go to
Newcastle, Edinburgh, Birmingham and the South West. East Midlands
Railway also run a limited service via Sheffield, Derby and Leicester to
London St Pancras. Wakefield Westgate is on the Wakefield Line of the
West Yorkshire Metro network.[99] The line was electrified in 1989.
Wakefield Kirkgate railway station
Wakefield is served by inter-city express trains from both its railway
stations. London can be reached in less than two hours.
Wakefield Kirkgate station was opened by the Manchester and Leeds Railway in 1840. Wakefield Kirkgate is
unstaffed and operated by Northern who operate trains to Barnsley, Meadowhall Interchange, Sheffield,
Normanton, Pontefract, Knottingley, Leeds, Castleford and Nottingham.[100] The station serves the Hallam
Line, Huddersfield Line and the Pontefract Line of the MetroTrain network. Grand Central operating between
London King's Cross and Bradford Interchange stop at Kirkgate. In 2009 CCTV was installed at the station,
but it had acquired a reputation for being one of the country's worst stations.[101] It has, however, undergone
extensive renovation (2014–).
The nearest airport is Leeds Bradford Airport, 19 miles (31 km) to the north of the city at Yeadon.
The Aire and Calder Navigation is 33 miles (53 km) from Leeds to Goole, and 7.5 miles (12.1 km) from
Wakefield to Castleford, and was created by Act of Parliament in 1699. It was opened to Leeds in 1704 and to
Wakefield in 1706, enabling craft carrying 100 tons to reach Wakefield from the Humber. [22] It is still used by
a small amount of commercial traffic and leisure craft.[102] The Calder and Hebble Navigation was created by
Act of Parliament in 1758 with the intention of making the Calder navigable to Sowerby Bridge. The route was
originally surveyed by John Smeaton, remains open and is used by leisure craft.[103] The Barnsley Canal, a
broad canal with 20 locks, opened in 1799 connecting Barnsley to the Aire and Calder Navigation at Wakefield
and was abandoned in 1953.[104]
Education
Wakefield's oldest surviving school is Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, a
boys-only school established in 1591 by Queen Elizabeth I by Royal
Charter. The original building in Brook Street is now the 'Elizabethan
Gallery'. QEGS moved to Northgate in 1854.[19] The school was
administered by the Governors of Wakefield Charities who opened
Wakefield Girls High School WGHS on Wentworth Street in 1878.[105]
These two schools today are independent schools. National schools were
opened by the Church of England including St Mary's in the 1840s and St
The original Queen Elizabeth John's in 1861.[106] The original St Austin's Catholic School opened about
Grammar School on Brook Street 1838.[107] A Methodist School was opened in Thornhill Street in 1846.[108]
Pinders Primary School, originally Eastmoor School is the only school
opened as a result of the Education Act 1870 which remains open
today.[109]
Wakefield College has its origins in the School of Art and Craft of 1868[110] and today is the major provider of
8 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
6th form and further education in the area, with around 3,000 full-time and 10,000 part-time students, [111]
and campuses in the city and surrounding towns. In 2007 Wakefield City Council and Wakefield College
announced plans to establish a University Centre of Wakefield but a bid for funding failed in 2009. [112][113]
Other schools with sixth forms include: QEGS, Wakefield Girls High School, and Cathedral High School, which
is now a Performing Arts College for ages 11 to 18.[114]
Religion
Wakefield's oldest church is All Saints, now Wakefield Cathedral, a
14th-century parish church built on the site of earlier Saxon and
Norman churches, restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the
19th century, and raised to cathedral status in 1888. The first
Bishop of Wakefield was William Walsham How. In 1356 the
Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin on Wakefield bridge was
built originally in wood, and later in stone. This chapel is one of
four chantry chapels built around Wakefield and the oldest and
most ornate of the four surviving in England.[19][116] Wakefield is
also known for the Wakefield Cycle, a collection of 32 mystery
plays, dating from the 14th century, which were performed as part
of the summertime religious festival of Corpus Christi and revived Wakefield Cathedral
in recent times.[117]
St John's Church was built in 1795 in the Religion in Wakefield 2001[115]

Georgian style. Three new Anglican
Commissioners' churches, partly financed by UK Census 2001 Wakefield Yorkshire England
the "Million Fund" were built as chapels of ease
Christian 78.21% 73.07% 71.74%
in the surrounding districts and were St Peter
at Stanley in 1824, St Paul at Alverthorpe in No religion 11.74% 14.09% 14.59%
1825, and St James at Thornes in 1831.[118][119]
Holy Trinity in George Street was built in Muslim 1.14% 3.81% 3.1%
1838–9.[120] St Andrew's Church opened on
Peterson Road in 1846 and St Mary's Church Buddhist 0.10% 0.14% 0.28%
on Charles Street was consecrated in 1864. St Hindu 0.20% 0.32% 1.11%
Michael's was consecrated in 1861.[121]
Jewish 0.04% 0.23% 0.52%
The Westgate Unitarian Chapel dates from
1752. In the 19th century Wesleyan, Primitive Sikh 0.08% 0.38% 0.67%
and Independent Methodist chapels were
opened and the Baptists opened a chapel in Other religions 0.18% 0.19% 0.29%
George Street in 1844.[122][123] St John the
Religion not stated 7.57% 7.77% 7.69%
Divine was built at Calder Grove in
1892.[124][125]
The Church of England diocese of Wakefield covered parishes mainly in West Yorkshire, parts of South
Yorkshire and five parishes in North Yorkshire.[126] It was dissolved on Easter Sunday 2014.[127] Stephen
Platten was the 12th and last Bishop of Wakefield. The Diocese of Leeds[128] now covers Wakefield.
Wakefield has two Catholic parishes – in the north St Martin de Porres incorporates the churches of St
Austin's, Wentworth Terrace, opened in 1828, and English Martyrs, opened in 1932, on Dewsbury Road,
Lupset,[129] and in the south, St Peter and St Paul's off Standbridge Lane which has a modern church built in
1991. Wakefield is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds.[130]
Agbrigg Muslim Association have a Zakaria Masjid Mosque in Wakefield. [131]
Culture
The ruins of Sandal Castle and its visitor centre are open to the public, overlooking the Pugneys Country
Park.[132]
The Theatre Royal Wakefield on Westgate, designed by architect Frank Matcham, opened in 1894 as the Opera
9 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
House, and currently presents a programme of entertainment including

musicals, drama, live music, stand-up comedy and dance.[133]
Wakefield's two central libraries moved into the £31 million Wakefield One
in October 2012. The new library was officially opened by singer Jarvis
Cocker on 10 November 2012.[134] Wakefield Museum moved from the
former Mechanics' Institute on Wood Street to Wakefield One at the same
time. The museum was officially opened by Sir David Attenborough on 9
March 2013.[135]
The ruins of Sandal Castle
Balne Lane library once managed a regional collection of more than
500,000 items of music and 90,000 copies of plays for Yorkshire Libraries
& Information (YLI).[136] The Yorkshire Music and Drama Library at Balne
Lane closed on 31 March 2012 when the music section moved to
Huddersfield and the drama section to Leeds.[137]
In May 2011 the Hepworth Wakefield gallery opened on the south bank of
the River Calder near Wakefield Bridge, displaying work by local artists
Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore and other British and international
artists. The gallery is thought to be the largest purpose-built gallery to open
in the United Kingdom since 1968.[138]
Wakefield's three adjoining parks have a history dating back to 1893 when
Clarence Park opened on land near Lawe Hill. The adjacent Holmefield
Estate was acquired in 1919, followed by Thornes House in 1924, becoming Theatre Royal
Holmefield Park and Thornes Park respectively. The three parks form
Wakefield Park to the south west of the city.[139] Clarence Park Music
Festival is held annually in Clarence Park, promoting local bands.[140]
Wakefield's newspaper, the Wakefield Express,[141] was founded in 1852.

Another newspaper, the Wakefield Guardian was established in 2007, but
has ceased publishing.[142] Wakefield's radio station, Ridings FM, was
founded in 1999,[143] and rebranded in September 2020 as Greatest Hits
Radio West Yorkshire.
Two children's nursery rhymes with Wakefield connections are "Here We

The Hepworth Wakefield and the
Go Round the Mulberry Bush" which may have been sung by women
River Calder
inmates at Wakefield prison.[144] and "The Grand Old Duke of York" which
may allude to the Battle of Wakefield in 1460, referring to Richard
Plantagenet, the 3rd Duke of York.[19] The lyrics of the popular hymn "Onward Christian Soldiers" were
written at St Peter's Church in nearby Horbury.[145]
Wakefield is known as the capital of the Rhubarb Triangle, an area notable for growing early forced rhubarb.
In July 2005 a sculpture was erected to celebrate this facet of Wakefield, and there is an annual 'Wakefield
Festival of Food, Drink and Rhubarb" which takes place over the last weekend in February. [146][147][148]
The West Riding Registry of Deeds on Newstead Road is the headquarters of the West Yorkshire Archive
Service, housing records from the former West Riding and West Yorkshire counties, and is the record office for
the Wakefield Metropolitan District.[149]
In 1913 Albert Winstanley opened the Picture House cinema in Westgate. Shortly after opening it was renamed
the Playhouse, and by 1972 it was part of the Classic cinema chain. It is now a nightclub. [150]
In 1935 Associated British Cinemas (ABC) opened the Regal Cinema in Kirkgate. The Art Deco building was
renamed the ABC in 1962 and became a Cannon in 1986. Cineworld's first purpose-built multiplex in Britain
opened in Wakefield in December 1996. The ABC closed in 1997 and has remained derelict, but there have
been successive proposals to redevelop or demolish it.[151]
The British rock band The Beatles played at the ABC Cinema Wakefield on 7 February 1963 as part of the
Helen Shapiro Winter Tour. The Cinema may still have been named the Regal at the time. This was their only
performance in Wakefield and took place just a few days before the band recorded their first album Please
Please Me.[152]
10 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
The National Coal Mining Museum for England (an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial
Heritage), the Yorkshire Sculpture Park and Nostell Priory[153] are within the Wakefield metropolitan area, as
is Walton Hall, a Georgian mansion set in what was the world's first nature reserve, created by the explorer
Charles Waterton; the house is now a proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sir David Attenborough has
stated that "Walton Hall is an extremely important site in the history of nature conservation worldwide. It is,
arguably, the first tract of land anywhere in modern times to be protected, guarded and maintained as a nature
reserve."
Film and Television Locations
The 1963 film This Sporting Life starring Richard Harris, Rachel Roberts, William Hartnell and Arthur Lowe
was partially filmed in Wakefield, specifically at Wakefield Trinity Rugby Ground, Belle Vue, the area around
the top of Westgate and the demolished "Locarno Night Club" – Southgate, now the Cathedral entrance to
Ridings Shopping Centre. The film's screenplay was by Wakefield born writer David Storey.[154]
The 1996 film Brassed Off, starring Ewan McGregor, was partly filmed at The National Coal Mining Museum
in Wakefield.
The 2018 television mini series The ABC Murders, starring John Malkovich, Eamon Farren, Michael Shaeffer
and Rupert Grint was partly filmed at St Johns Baptist's Church and St John's Square.
Sport
Wakefield Trinity is a Rugby League club currently playing in the Super
League. The club, founded in 1873, was one of the initial founders of the
Northern Union after the split from the Rugby Football Union in 1895. The
club plays at Belle Vue stadium.[155] Several local teams play in different
leagues of the British Amateur Rugby League Association, BARLA. They
include Wakefield City, Westgate Wolves, Crigglestone All Blacks,
Kettlethorpe and Eastmoor Dragons.[156]
Rugby Union Football is played at Sandal RUFC[157] and was played by

Wakefield RFC at College Grove from 1901 to 2004 when the club ceased to Belle Vue Stadium
play.
Wakefield briefly had a football team when Emley F.C. moved to play at Belle Vue, the ground of Wakefield
Trinity Wildcats. After moving ground first to College Grove and then briefly to share with Ossett Town,
Wakefield FC folded in June 2014.[158] AFC Emley was founded to restore the club's original links with the
village of Emley.[159]
Wakefield Sports Club at College Grove also has the Yorkshire Regional Hockey Academy, Wakefield Bowls
Club and Wakefield Squash Club on the same site.[160]
The Wakefield Archers meet at QEGS in Wakefield or at Slazengers Sports Club, Horbury and has archers
shooting Olympic re-curve bows, compound bows and longbows.[161] Thornes Park Athletics Stadium is home
to Wakefield Harriers A.C. Members Martyn Bernard and Emily Freeman competed in the Beijing
Olympics.[162] Local teams Newton Hill and Wakefield Thornes are members of the Leeds-West Riding Cricket
League.[163]
There is a 100-acre (0.40 km2) watersports lake at Pugneys Country Park catering for non-powered
watersports such as canoeing, sailing and windsurfing.[164] Golf clubs include the municipal course at Lupset
and the private Wakefield Golf Club at Sandal.[165]
Public services
Wakefield Prison, originally built as a house of correction in 1594, is a maximum security prison. [166]
Wakefield is policed by the West Yorkshire Police force and is within the DA, Wakefield division, which covers
the whole district.[167] Wakefield is also the location of the West Yorkshire Police Headquarters. The statutory
emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service, from Wakefield
11 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
fire station.[168] Hospital services are provided by the Mid Yorkshire

Hospitals NHS Trust and community health services, including GPs,
district and community nurses, dentists and pharmacists, are coordinated
by Wakefield District Primary Care Trust.[169][170] Waste management is
co-ordinated by the local authority. Wakefield's distribution network
operator for electricity is CE Electric. Yorkshire Water manages
Wakefield's drinking and waste water.[171]
Notable people
Wakefield Prison (1916)
Novelist George Gissing was born in Wakefield in 1857; his childhood
home in Thompson's Yard is maintained by The Gissing Trust.[172]
Sculptor Barbara Hepworth was born in Wakefield in 1903.[173] There is an art gallery called The Hepworth
Wakefield named after her which features her work alongside other local artists such as Henry Moore.[174]
Dame Marjorie Williamson was born in Wakefield in 1913. She was an academic, educator, physicist and
university administrator.
David Storey born in Wakefield in 1933 was a novelist and playwright who in 1960 wrote This Sporting Life,
which was made into a film in 1963 and shot largely on location in the city. [175]
Former Archbishop of York, David Hope, Baron Hope of Thornes, was born in 1940 in Thornes.[176]
The Liberal Democrat politician John Leech was born in Wakefield in 1971.[177] He was Member of Parliament
from 2005 to 2015.
Jane McDonald, singer was born in Wakefield in 1963.
Twin cities
Wakefield is twinned with:[178]
▪ Alfeld (Leine), Germany (since 1958) ▪ Girona, Spain (since 1990)

▪ Castres, France[179] (since 1953) ▪ Hénin-Beaumont, France[179] (since 1972)
▪ Castrop-Rauxel, Germany (since 1949) ▪ Herne, Germany (since 1956)
▪ Konin, Poland (since 1996)
▪ Xiangyang, China[180] (since 2016)
Wakefield was previously twinned with Belgorod, Russia, but this agreement was ended in response to the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[181]
Freedom of the City

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Wakefield.
Individuals
▪ Field Marshal Lord Montgomery of Alamein: 4 November 1947.[182]
Military Units
▪ The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry: 1945.
▪ The Yorkshire Regiment: 13 March 2010.[183]
▪ The Rifles: 11 September 2010.[184]
12 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
See also
▪ Listed buildings in Wakefield
▪ The Jolly Pinder of Wakefield
▪ Wakefield Trinity L.F.C.
▪ The Ridings Centre
References
Notes
1. Wakefield's thorpes are: Alverthorpe, Chapelthorpe, Gawthorpe, Hollingthorpe, Kettlethorpe,

Kirkthorpe, Milnthorpe, Ouchthorpe, Painthorpe, Snapethorpe, Woodthorpe, Wrenthorpe. Flanshaw,
Kirkhamgate, Carrgate and Lupset have Old Norse origins.[7]
2. "A very lively market town and suitably large, well served with fish and meat both from sea and by
rivers... so that all food is very good and cheap there. A right honest man shall eat well for 2d a meal.
There is plenty coal in the area around Wakefield."[22]
Footnotes
1. "Wakefield" (https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/yorkshireandthehumber/). citypopulation.de.

Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230224013655/https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/yorkshirea
ndthehumber/) from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
2. Reaney 1964, p. 161
3. Mills 1998, p. 361
4. Walker 1966, p. 3
5. Walker 1966, p. 24
6. Tilley, Emily (April 2021). Dirty Money: Lingwell Gate's Roman Coin Moulds (https://www.yorkshiremu
seum.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/04/MMN-Lingwell-Gate-Project-Report-FINAL-with-im
ages.pdf) (PDF) (Report). Yorkshire Museum. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2022122701061
6/https://www.yorkshiremuseum.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/04/MMN-Lingwell-Gate-P
roject-Report-FINAL-with-images.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved
28 April 2021.
7. Walker 1966, p. 238
8. EarlyHistory (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/default.htm),
wakefield.gov.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100127183057/http://www.wakefield.gov.
uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/default.htm) from the original on 27 January 2010,
retrieved 16 November 2009
9. Mills 1998, p. 403
10. Mills 1998, p. 405
11. Walker 1966, p. 43
12. Manor (http://midgleywebpages.com/index-3.html), midgleywebpages.com, archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20090904060526/http://midgleywebpages.com/index-3.html) from the original on 4
September 2009, retrieved 16 November 2009
13. The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1886 (https://books.google.com/books?id=vO4GAAAAYAAJ&q=ea
rl+warenne+wakefield+yorkshire&pg=PA111). 30 July 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
130527214529/http://books.google.com/books?id=vO4GAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=earl+
warenne+wakefield+yorkshire&source=web&ots=zHyItid2qF&sig=NgmkVHSzh4KIkcPFHyx4Re76s9A
&hl=en) from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
14. Butler 1991, p. 1
15. Creighton 2004, p. 32
16. Holt 1997, p. 19
13 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
17. Dodsworth, Roger (20 April 2007). Dodsworth's Yorkshire notes, the wapentake of Agbrigg, Roger
Dodsworth, 1884 (https://books.google.com/books?id=IrkHAAAAQAAJ&q=lyvet+king&pg=RA1-PA92).
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130527130015/http://books.google.com/books?id=IrkHAA
AAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA92&lpg=RA1-PA92&dq=lyvet+king&source=web&ots=M8In8xicy-&sig=yHEh-Mt-Z
15w6jeWwKiVMie9-Y8&hl=en) from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
18. Lupton 1864, p. 10
19. 1066–1600 (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/1066-1600.ht
m), wakefield.gov.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100204072731/http://www.wakefield.
gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/1066-1600.htm) from the original on 4 February
2010, retrieved 17 November 2009
20. Walker 1966, p. 114
21. Lupton 1864, p. 46
22. Old Wakefield (http://www.oldtowns.co.uk/Yorkshire/wakefield.htm), oldtowns.co.uk, archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20110927154838/http://www.oldtowns.co.uk/Yorkshire/wakefield.htm)
from the original on 27 September 2011, retrieved 21 November 2009
23. Walker 1966, p. 414
24. Civil War Yorkshire (http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1643-yorkshire.htm), british-civil-
wars.co.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090308132810/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.
uk/military/1643-yorkshire.htm) from the original on 8 March 2009, retrieved 17 November 2009
gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/1600-1800.htm) from the original on 20
February 2010, retrieved 18 November 2009
26. St Johns Church (https://web.archive.org/web/20161126131613/http://www.wakefield-stjohns.org.uk/
stjohns/St_Johns_Church_History.html), St John's Church, archived from the original (http://www.wak
efield-stjohns.org.uk/stjohns/St_Johns_Church_History.html) on 26 November 2016, retrieved
20 November 2009
27. Taylor 2008, p. 7
28. Lewis, Samuel (1848), "Wakefield (All Saints)" (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=5
1368#s5), A Topographical Dictionary of England, British History Online, pp. 432–436, archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20131017051015/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51368#
s5) from the original on 17 October 2013, retrieved 14 December 2012
29. Taylor 2008, p. 89
30. Taylor 2008, p. 73
31. Taylor 2008, p. 92
gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/History/1800-1900.htm) from the original on 29 January
2010, retrieved 20 November 2009
33. Galloway 1971, p. 76
34. Taylor 2008, pp. 80, 81
35. B. J. McCormick (17 June 1979). Industrial Relations in the Coal Industry (https://books.google.com/boo
ks?id=KSOwCwAAQBAJ&q=the+first+national+union+was+the+miners%27+association+of+great+brit
ain&pg=PP8). Springer. p. 9. ISBN 9781349039463. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
36. Taylor 2008, p. 43
37. Taylor 2008, p. 10
38. Prison (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/WakefieldPrison
/History/default.htm), archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100524041735/http://www.wakefiel
d.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/WakefieldPrison/History/default.htm) from
the original on 24 May 2010, retrieved 25 November 2009
39. The Workhouse in Wakefield, Yorkshire, W. Riding (http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Wakefield/), archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20111104025410/http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Wakefield/) from the
original on 4 November 2011, retrieved 7 November 2011
40. Taylor 2008, p. 60
14 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
41. St John's Conservation Area (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E8944333-8A9A-4EF6-918B-07

C1E1797E90/0/AppraisalManagementGuidelines_St_Johns.pdf) (PDF), Wakefield Council, archived (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20130626200003/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E8944333-8
A9A-4EF6-918B-07C1E1797E90/0/AppraisalManagementGuidelines_St_Johns.pdf) (PDF) from the
original on 26 June 2013, retrieved 14 December 2012
42. Free Public Carnegie Library – Drury Lane, Wakefield (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/
HistoricWakefield/Buildings/CarnegieLibraries/DruryLaneLibrary/default.htm), Wakefield Council,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130611065832/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLei
sure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/CarnegieLibraries/DruryLaneLibrary/default.htm) from the original
on 11 June 2013, retrieved 18 April 2013
43. WDH (https://web.archive.org/web/20091218163826/http://www.wdh.co.uk/QuickLinks/AboutUs/Pag
es/Default.aspx), wdh.co.uk, archived from the original (http://www.wdh.co.uk/QUICKLINKS/AboutUs
/Pages/Default.aspx) on 18 December 2009, retrieved 21 November 2009
44. Colin Jackson, The Complete A-Z of Colliery Names, Pre-1947 Owners, Areas & Dates, Volume 2, published
by the National Coal Mining Museum for England, 2002
45. Adeney, Martin; Lloyd, John (1988). The Miners' Strike 1984-5: Loss Without Limit. London: Routledge &
Kegan Paul. p. 26. ISBN 0-7102-1371-9.
46. "10 of Britain's most eccentric villages: chosen by readers" (https://www.theguardian.com/travel/202
1/apr/08/10-of-britains-most-eccentric-villages-chosen-by-readers). The Guardian. 8 April 2021.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210408220902/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2021/
apr/08/10-of-britains-most-eccentric-villages-chosen-by-readers) from the original on 8 April 2021.
Retrieved 9 April 2021.
47. "This historic home is for sale in Heath, the 'village of mansions' " (https://www.wakefieldexpress.co.
uk/lifestyle/homes-and-gardens/this-historic-home-is-for-sale-in-heath-the-village-of-mansions-3178
608). The Wakefield Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210325203027/https://www.wa
kefieldexpress.co.uk/lifestyle/homes-and-gardens/this-historic-home-is-for-sale-in-heath-the-village-
of-mansions-3178608) from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
48. "Heath" (https://govisit-yorkshire.com/2019/03/20/heath/). 20 March 2019. Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20210423080010/https://govisit-yorkshire.com/2019/03/20/heath/) from the original
on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
49. Historic England. "THE DOWER HOUSE, Warmfield cum Heath (1135585)" (https://HistoricEngland.or
g.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1135585). National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
50. Historic England. "HEATH HALL, Warmfield cum Heath (1200238)" (https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/list
ing/the-list/list-entry/1200238). National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
51. Taylor 2008, p. 23
52. Taylor 2008, p. 25
53. Taylor 2008, p. 41
54. Beckett 2005, pp. 39, 40
55. Freeman 1966, p. 173
56. AboutWakefield (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/AboutWakefield/aboutdistrict.htm), wakefield.gov.uk,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100110004759/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/AboutWakefiel
d/aboutdistrict.htm) from the original on 10 January 2010, retrieved 18 November 2009
57. Local Government Yorkshire and Humber (https://web.archive.org/web/20110513150259/http://www.lg
yh.gov.uk/), Local Government Yorkshire and Humber, 2009, archived from the original (http://www.l
gyh.gov.uk/) on 13 May 2011, retrieved 22 November 2009
58. "County Hall" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100130184945/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureA
ndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/CountyHall/default.htm). Wakefield Council. Archived from
the original (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/CountyHal
l/default.htm) on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
59. "Your Councillors by Ward" (http://mg.wakefield.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST
&PIC=0). wakefield.gov.uk. Archived (https://archive.today/20130616071144/http://mg.wakefield.gov.
uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0) from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved
25 May 2015.
60. "Labour lose Wakefield after 87 years" (https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50772224). BBC
News. 13 December 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200101122801/https://www.bbc.
com/news/election-2019-50772224) from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 30 December
2019.
15 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
61. "Imran Ahmad Khan expelled from Conservative party" (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/202

2/apr/11/imran-ahmad-khan-expelled-from-conservative-party). The Guardian. 11 April 2022.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220417161419/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/202
2/apr/11/imran-ahmad-khan-expelled-from-conservative-party) from the original on 17 April 2022.
62. "MP Imran Ahmad Khan resigns after conviction for child sexual assault" (https://www.theguardian.c
om/politics/2022/apr/14/imran-ahmad-khan-resigns-after-child-sexual-assault-conviction). The
Guardian. 14 April 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220531105711/https://www.thegu
ardian.com/politics/2022/apr/14/imran-ahmad-khan-resigns-after-child-sexual-assault-conviction)
from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
63. Hinton, Megan (3 May 2022). "Imran Ahmad Khan quits as Wakefield MP after sexually assaulting 15-
year-old boy" (https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/imran-ahmad-khan-quits-as-wakefield-mp/). LBC.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220503143106/https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/imran-ahmad-k
han-quits-as-wakefield-mp/) from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
64. "Election 2010 – Hemsworth" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/constituency/c1
3.stm). BBC News. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170823072615/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/
shared/election2010/results/constituency/c13.stm) from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved
9 May 2010.
65. "Hemsworth Parliamentary constituency" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E140
00740). BBC News. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150513153247/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ne
ws/politics/constituencies/E14000740) from the original on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
66. Historic England, "Wakefield Bridge (1273508)" (https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-ent
ry/1273508), National Heritage List for England, retrieved 19 November 2009
67. Wakefield New Bridge (http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=495),
engineering-timelines.com, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110529075349/http://www.eng
ineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=495) from the original on 29 May 2011,
68. "Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire & Yorkshire Coalfield Character Area 38" (http://www.naturalengland.
org.uk/Images/jca38_tcm6-5073.pdf) (PDF). Natural England. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20110906181005/http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/jca38_tcm6-5073.pdf) (PDF) from the
original on 6 September 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
69. "Average Weather for Wakefield, ENG – Temperature and Precipitation" (http://www.weather.com/ou
tlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/UKXX0152). Weather.com. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20121020192619/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstravele
r/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/UKXX0152) from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved
22 November 2009.
70. "People and Society: Population and Migration: Key Figures: Area: Wakefield (Local Authority)" (htt
p://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276811&c=Wak
efield&d=13&e=13&g=384621&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1258709294946&enc=1).
Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201106
13080205/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=27
6811&c=Wakefield&d=13&e=13&g=384621&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1258709294946&enc=
1) from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
71. "KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20090907084312/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&Pos=2&Col
Rank=1&Rank=224). Office for National Statistics (ONS). 5 August 2004. Archived from the original (ht
tp://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&Pos=2&ColRank=1&Rank=224) on 7
September 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
72. "2001 Census: Key Statistics: Household Composition (KS20): Area: Wakefield (Local Authority)" (htt
p://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276811&c=Wake
field&d=13&e=15&g=384621&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1258712304810&enc=1&dsFamilyId=
55). Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
110613080453/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b
=276811&c=Wakefield&d=13&e=15&g=384621&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1258712304810&e
nc=1&dsFamilyId=55) from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
73. "Crime figures for 2008/09 in Wakefield" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091129131806/http://www.
upmystreet.com/local/crime-in-wakefield.html). UpMyStreet. Archived from the original (http://www.
upmystreet.com/local/crime-in-wakefield.html) on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
16 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
74. Office for National Statistics: Census 2001: Urban Areas: Table KS01: Usual Resident Population (http://w
ww.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls) Retrieved 26 August 2009 Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203914/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spre
adsheets/D8271.xls) 28 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
75. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks101ew Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2018010
8122327/http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks101ew) 8 January 2018 at the Wayback
Machine Census 2011 table KS101EW Usual resident population, West Yorkshire – Wakefield BUASD,
code E35000474
76. "Wakefield RSD: Total Population" (http://vision.port.ac.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&
data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10555140&c_id=10001043&add=N). Vision of Britain. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20110726152414/http://vision.port.ac.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_P
OP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10555140&c_id=10001043&add=N) from the original on 26 July
2011. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
77. "Wakefield MB/CB: Total Population" (http://vision.port.ac.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_PO
P&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10136313&c_id=10001043&add=N). Vision of Britain. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20110726152433/http://vision.port.ac.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=
T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10136313&c_id=10001043&add=N) from the original on 26 July
78. "KS09a Economic activity – all people: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas" (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20110605094850/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8292&Pos=4
&ColRank=1&Rank=240). National Statistics. Archived from the original (http://www.statistics.gov.uk/
StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8292&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=240) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved
13 December 2009.
79. "Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 – File 10 – local authority summaries" (https://www.gov.uk/gover
nment/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/464464/File_10_ID2015_Local_Authority_Distri
ct_Summaries.xlsx). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151007214738/https://www.gov.uk/go
vernment/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/464464/File_10_ID2015_Local_Authority_Di
strict_Summaries.xlsx) from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
80. Hunter, Phillip (2005), Wakefield in Depth 2005 (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/AF5093EE-
1B21-44F4-AE8E-889C2BBC5236/0/WakefieldInDepth2005.pdf) (PDF), Learning and Skills Council
West Yorkshire, p. 12, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110615130006/http://www.wakefield.
gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/AF5093EE-1B21-44F4-AE8E-889C2BBC5236/0/WakefieldInDepth2005.pdf) (PDF)
from the original on 15 June 2011, retrieved 17 November 2009
81. "KS11a Industry of Employment: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20090805122919/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8306&More=Y).
National Statistics. Archived from the original (http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vl
nk=8306&More=Y) on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
82. "Leeds City Region Development Programme" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111007074857/http://
www.leedscityregion.gov.uk/uploadedFiles/About_Us/M02%20-%20Leeds_CRDP_Nov_2006.pdf?n=24
45) (PDF). The City Region Partnership. November 2006. p. 13. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.leedscityregion.gov.uk/uploadedFiles/About_Us/M02%20-%20Leeds_CRDP_Nov_2006.pdf?n=2445)
(PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
83. "Work begins on major city centre development" (http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/Work-be
gins-on-major-city.3182918.jp), Wakefield Express City, Johnston Press, 7 September 2007, archived (ht
tps://archive.today/20130505150407/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/Work-begins-on-majo
r-city.3182918.jp) from the original on 5 May 2013, retrieved 17 November 2009
84. Marsh Way Area (Trinity Walk) (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Planning/Regeneration/Wakefield/Trinity
Walk.htm), wakefield.gov.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100730080809/http://www.wa
kefield.gov.uk/Planning/Regeneration/Wakefield/TrinityWalk.htm) from the original on 30 July 2010,
85. Bull Ring (http://www.yorkshire-forward.com/news-events/local-news/bull-ring-refurbishment-begins
-in-wakefield), yorkshire-forward.com, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090216230119/htt
p://www.yorkshire-forward.com/news-events/local-news/bull-ring-refurbishment-begins-in-wakefiel
d) from the original on 16 February 2009, retrieved 17 November 2009
86. Westgate (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Planning/Regeneration/Wakefield/Westgate.htm),
uk/Planning/Regeneration/Wakefield/Westgate.htm) from the original on 27 June 2009, retrieved
17 November 2009
17 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
87. "Double celebrations for the Hepworth Wakefield as it celebrates its first birthday and welcomes its
500,000 visitor" (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/News/PressReleases/news/Hepworth.htm) (Press
release). Wakefield Council. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130626193041/http://www.wak
efield.gov.uk/News/PressReleases/news/Hepworth.htm) from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved
10 November 2012.
88. "Architectural Guide" (http://www.wakefieldcathedral.org.uk/?idno=988). Wakefield Cathedral.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131017013324/http://www.wakefieldcathedral.org.uk/?idn
o=988) from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
89. "Wakefield Council – Wakefield Cathedral" (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Historic
Wakefield/Buildings/WakefieldCathedral/default.htm). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100
130185327/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/WakefieldC
athedral/default.htm) from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
90. Historic England. "County Court House (1258996)" (https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-
entry/1258996). National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
91. Historic England. "Town Hall (1258995)" (https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1258
995). National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
92. Historic England. "County Hall (offices of West Yorkshire County Council), Bond Street (1242349)" (htt
ps://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1242349). National Heritage List for England.
93. WakefieldMDC 2008, p. 7
94. Walker 1966, p. 558
95. "The Ridings Shopping Centre Celebrates 30 Years" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiXxC-eoUp
A). BBC Look North. 16 October 2013. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/2021121
1/CiXxC-eoUpA) from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
96. "Investigation launched into cause of fire at old hospital building in Wakefield" (https://www.yorkshir
eeveningpost.co.uk/news/investigation-launched-cause-fire-old-hospital-building-wakefield-604520).
Yorkshire Evening Post. 20 February 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211217003224/htt
ps://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/investigation-launched-cause-fire-old-hospital-building-
wakefield-604520) from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
97. "West Yorkshire Local Transport Plan 2006/07 to 2010/11" (http://www.wyltp.com/NR/rdonlyres/2CFE
302B-5688-4FA8-B952-690CA755EA96/0/060403WYLTPINTRO_pg415.pdf) (PDF). West Yorkshire Local
Transport Plan Partnership. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110717110441/http://www.wyl
tp.com/NR/rdonlyres/2CFE302B-5688-4FA8-B952-690CA755EA96/0/060403WYLTPINTRO_pg415.pdf)
(PDF) from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
98. Wakefield Bus Station (https://archive.today/20130111120004/http://www.wymetro.com/BusTravel/Bu
sStationsAndStops/WakefieldBusStationStatistics.htm), wymetro.com, archived from the original (htt
p://www.wymetro.com/BusTravel/BusStationsAndStops/WakefieldBusStationStatistics.htm) on 11
January 2013, retrieved 20 November 2009
99. Wakefield Westgate (http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations/wkf/details.html), nationalrail.co.uk,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100105214139/http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations/wkf/
details.html) from the original on 5 January 2010, retrieved 7 December 2009
100. Wakefield Kirkgate (http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations/wkk/details.html), nationalrail.co.uk,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101016033503/http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations/wkk/
details.html) from the original on 16 October 2010, retrieved 7 December 2009
101. "Wakefield Kirkgate: CCTV for 'worst rail station in the country' – Central Leeds – Yorkshire Evening
Post" (http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/Wakefield-Kirkgate-CCTV-for-39worst.5807380.j
p). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100826040507/http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/
news/Wakefield-Kirkgate-CCTV-for-39worst.5807380.jp) from the original on 26 August 2010.
Retrieved 6 October 2010.
102. Aire and Calder Navigation (http://www.penninewaterways.co.uk/aire/index.htm), penninewaterways,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090829071255/http://www.penninewaterways.co.uk/aire/in
dex.htm) from the original on 29 August 2009, retrieved 19 November 2009
103. Calder & Hebble (http://www.penninewaterways.co.uk/calder/index.htm), penninewaterways,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090514065921/http://penninewaterways.co.uk/calder/inde
x.htm) from the original on 14 May 2009, retrieved 20 November 2009
104. Barnsley Canal (http://www.penninewaterways.co.uk/barnsley/index.htm), penninewaterways,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090620003649/http://www.penninewaterways.co.uk/barnsl
ey/index.htm) from the original on 20 June 2009, retrieved 20 November 2009
105. Taylor 2008, p. 125
18 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
106. Taylor 2008, pp. 129–130

107. Taylor 2008, p. 134
108. Taylor 2008, p. 131
109. Taylor 2008, p. 141
110. Taylor 2008, p. 145
111. "Wakefield College Information" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110816142439/http://www.wakefiel
d.ac.uk/About/). Wakefield.ac.uk. Archived from the original (http://www.wakefield.ac.uk/About/) on
16 August 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
112. University of Wakefield plans (http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/University-of-Wakefield-plans.
3459982.jp), Wakefield Express, 2007, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071111044452/htt
p://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/University-of-Wakefield-plans.3459982.jp) from the original
on 11 November 2007, retrieved 23 November 2009
113. Wakefield College's funding bid failed (http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/Wakefield-College39s-
funding-bid-failed.5738789.jp), Wakefield Express, 2009, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2009
1030154346/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/Wakefield-College39s-funding-bid-failed.5738
789.jp) from the original on 30 October 2009, retrieved 23 November 2009
114. www.wakefield.gov.uk: Colleges and universities (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Education/CollegesAndU
niversities/default.htm?wbc_purpose=...default.htmdefault.htmdefault.htmdefault.htmdefault.htmd
efault.htm%23centrecontent), Wakefield LEA, 2009, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110615
130756/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Education/CollegesAndUniversities/default.htm?wbc_purpose
=...default.htmdefault.htmdefault.htmdefault.htmdefault.htmdefault.htm) from the original on 15
June 2011, retrieved 23 November 2009
115. "2001 Census: Census Area Statistics: Key Figures: Area: Wakefield (Local Authority)" (http://www.nei
ghbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276811&c=Wakefield&d=13
&e=16&g=384621&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1258711463404&enc=1). Neighbourhood
Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110613081510/htt
p://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276811&c=Wak
efield&d=13&e=16&g=384621&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1258711463404&enc=1) from the
original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
116. Edward Green, Bridge Chapels (http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/bridgechapels/bridgec
hapels.htm), buildingconservation.com, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091216151649/htt
p://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/bridgechapels/bridgechapels.htm) from the original on
16 December 2009, retrieved 18 November 2009
117. MysteryPlays (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/MysteryPlays/defaul
t.htm), wakefield.gov.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090508110337/http://www.wakefi
eld.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/MysteryPlays/default.htm) from the original on 8
May 2009, retrieved 21 November 2009
118. Taylor 2008, p. 103
119. MillionAct (http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/Misc/CBW/YPRsMillionAct.html), genuki.org.uk,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091217115247/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/Mis
c/CBW/YPRsMillionAct.html) from the original on 17 December 2009, retrieved 25 November 2009
120. Taylor 2008, p. 106
121. Taylor 2008, p. 109
122. Taylor 2008, pp. 99–103
123. Guy Etchells, Church Photographs (https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~framland/C
HURCH/church.htm), rootsweb.ancestry.com, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2010031714243
1/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~framland/CHURCH/church.htm) from the
original on 17 March 2010, retrieved 25 November 2009
124. Leeds Times Saturday 27 May 1893: "Chat in the porch"
125. Leeds Mercury 24 May 1893: "The Mackie memorial church, Calder Grove"
126. Wakefield Diocese (https://web.archive.org/web/20110404211712/http://www.wakefield.anglican.org/
people/page/churches_and_clergy), Wakefield Diocesan Board of Finance, archived from the original
(http://www.wakefield.anglican.org/people/page/churches_and_clergy) on 4 April 2011, retrieved
20 November 2009
127. "Diocese of West Yorkshire and the Dales" (https://archive.today/20120918102414/http://www.wake
field.anglican.org/). Wakefield Diocesan Board of Finance. Archived from the original (http://www.wa
kefield.anglican.org/) on 18 September 2012.
19 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
128. "the Diocese of Leeds" (http://www.leeds.anglican.org/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016

0730171120/http://leeds.anglican.org/) from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
129. St Austins (https://web.archive.org/web/20121121230930/http://www.staustins.co.uk/pnw/),
staustins.co.uk, archived from the original (http://www.staustins.co.uk/pnw/) on 21 November 2012,
130. Welcome to the Diocese of Leeds (http://www.dioceseofleeds.org.uk/), Diocese of Leeds, archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20091121202936/http://www.dioceseofleeds.org.uk/) from the original on
21 November 2009, retrieved 20 November 2009
131. Agbrigg Muslim Association Zakaria Masjid (https://web.archive.org/web/20110717055231/http://ww
w.tijarapages.com/details.asp?bid=1973867286), Tijarapages.com, archived from the original (http://
www.tijarapages.com/details.asp?bid=1973867286) on 17 July 2011, retrieved 20 November 2009
132. Sandal Castle (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Castlesandmuseums/Castles/Sandal/
default.htm5), Wakefield Council, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130626195432/http://ww
w.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Castlesandmuseums/Castles/Sandal/default.htm5) from the
original on 26 June 2013, retrieved 17 April 2013
133. theatreroyalwakefield (https://web.archive.org/web/20091128095746/http://www.theatreroyalwakefie
ld.co.uk/aboutus/), theatreroyalwakefield.co.uk, archived from the original (http://www.theatreroyal
wakefield.co.uk/aboutus/) on 28 November 2009, retrieved 20 November 2009
134. "Jarvis Cocker opens new Wakefield library" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-2027986
5), BBC News, 10 November 2012, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150904133046/http://ww
w.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-20279865) from the original on 4 September 2015, retrieved
17 April 2013
135. Wakefield Museum (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Castlesandmuseums/Museums/
Wakefield/default.htm), Wakefield Council, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130501022013/
http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Castlesandmuseums/Museums/Wakefield/default.h
tm) from the original on 1 May 2013, retrieved 17 April 2013
136. Yorkshire Libraries and Information Music and Drama (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure
/Libraries/FindLibrary/MusicAndDramaLibrary/default.htm), Wakefield Council, archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20110308102758/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Libraries/FindL
ibrary/MusicAndDramaLibrary/default.htm) from the original on 8 March 2011, retrieved
2 November 2011
137. Music and Drama Library (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Libraries/FindLibrary/Musi
cAndDramaLibrary/default.htm), Wakefield Council, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110308
102758/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/Libraries/FindLibrary/MusicAndDramaLibra
ry/default.htm) from the original on 8 March 2011, retrieved 17 April 2013
138. New Barbara Hepworth gallery opens in Wakefield (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-1348
3212), BBC News, 21 May 2011, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110521112459/http://www.
bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-13483212) from the original on 21 May 2011, retrieved 22 May
2011
139. CHaT Parks (http://www.chatparks.org.uk/index.php?pageid=20), chatparks.org, archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20100607122946/http://www.chatparks.org.uk/index.php?pageid=20) from the
original on 7 June 2010, retrieved 20 November 2009
140. Clarence Park Music Festival (http://www.themusiccollective.co.uk/), themusiccollective, archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20090418211227/http://www.themusiccollective.co.uk/) from the original
on 18 April 2009, retrieved 18 November 2009
141. Wakefield Express (http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/), wakefieldexpress.co.uk, archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20091029131404/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/) from the original on 29
October 2009, retrieved 22 November 2009
142. Wakefield Guardian (https://web.archive.org/web/20090705000930/http://www.mediauk.com/newspa
pers/343991/wakefield-guardian), mediauk.com, archived from the original (http://www.mediauk.co
m/newspapers/343991/wakefield-guardian) on 5 July 2009, retrieved 22 November 2009
143. RidingsFM (http://www.ridingsfm.co.uk/), ridingsfm.co.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200
91130153957/http://www.ridingsfm.co.uk/) from the original on 30 November 2009, retrieved
22 November 2009
144. Wakefield Prison (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/Wakefi
eldPrison/default.htm), wakefield.gov.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100129050218/ht
tp://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Buildings/WakefieldPrison/default.
htm) from the original on 29 January 2010, retrieved 18 November 2009
145. Onward, Christian Soldiers
20 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
146. Bell 2009, p. 2

147. Rhubarb (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/cgi-bin/MsmGo.exe?grab_id=0&page_id=12377&query=rhuba
rb&SCOPE=www.wakefield.gov.uk&hiword=RHUBARBS%20rhubarb%20), Wakefield Council, archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20130728154009/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/cgi-bin/MsmGo.exe?gra
b_id=0&page_id=12377&query=rhubarb&SCOPE=www.wakefield.gov.uk&hiword=RHUBARBS%20rhu
barb%20) from the original on 28 July 2013, retrieved 7 November 2011
148. Rhubarb Festival (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/RhubarbFestival/default.htm),
uk/CultureAndLeisure/RhubarbFestival/default.htm) from the original on 5 February 2010, retrieved
20 November 2009
149. W Yorkshire Archives (http://www.archives.wyjs.org.uk/index.asp?pg=ablocw2.html), wyjs.org.uk,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110611043210/http://www.archives.wyjs.org.uk/index.asp?
pg=ablocw2.html) from the original on 11 June 2011, retrieved 13 December 2009
150. "Playhouse (Wakefield)" (http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/2326-playhouse-
wakefield). The Theatres Trust. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111401/http://www.t
heatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/2326-playhouse-wakefield) from the original on 24
December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
151. "Former ABC cinema on Kirkgate will make way for new homes and shops" (http://www.wakefieldex
press.co.uk/news/local-news/former-abc-cinema-on-kirkgate-will-make-way-for-new-homes-and-sho
ps-1-6301083). Wakefield Express. Johnston Press. 7 December 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20131224103731/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/news/local-news/former-abc-cinema-on
-kirkgate-will-make-way-for-new-homes-and-shops-1-6301083) from the original on 24 December
2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
152. Lewisohn, Mark (2004). The Complete Beatles Chronicle. Hamlyn. p. 99. ISBN 9780681028906.
153. Nostell Priory (http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-nostellpriory), National Trust, archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20091109202654/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-nostellpriory)
from the original on 9 November 2009, retrieved 18 November 2009
154. "IMDB This Sporting Life Filming Locations" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057578/locations). IMDB.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221113094248/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057578/loca
tions) from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
155. Wildcats (https://web.archive.org/web/20091031130154/http://www.wakefieldwildcats.co.uk/wildcats
-history-c351.html), wakefieldwildcats.co.uk, archived from the original (http://www.wakefieldwildcat
s.co.uk/wildcats-history-c351.html) on 31 October 2009, retrieved 21 November 2009
156. BARLA (https://web.archive.org/web/20090313160950/http://www.barla.org.uk/Clubs/), barla.org.uk,
archived from the original (http://www.barla.org.uk/Clubs/) on 13 March 2009, retrieved
21 November 2009
157. Sandal rufc (http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/sandalrufc/?primary=theclub&secondary=history#_),
pitchero.com, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100130021301/http://www.pitchero.com/clu
bs/sandalrufc/?primary=theclub&secondary=history#_) from the original on 30 January 2010,
158. "Wakefield Wound Up" (http://nonleague.pitchero.com/news/afc-emley-blow--wakefield-wound-up-3
2051/). 23 June 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161110112234/http://nonleague.pitc
hero.com/news/afc-emley-blow--wakefield-wound-up-32051/) from the original on 10 November
159. The History of AFC Emley (http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/afcemley/a/club-history-29996.html)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170107201403/http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/afcemley/a/
club-history-29996.html) 7 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine A.F.C. Emley
160. Wakefield Sports Club (http://www.wakefieldsportsclub.co.uk/), wakefieldsportsclub.co.uk, archived (h
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20090929152828/http://www.wakefieldsportsclub.co.uk/) from the
original on 29 September 2009, retrieved 21 November 2009
161. The Wakefield Archers (https://web.archive.org/web/20090627024124/http://www.thewakefieldarcher
s.com/modules/news/), thewakefieldarchers.com, archived from the original (http://www.thewakefiel
darchers.com/modules/news/) on 27 June 2009, retrieved 21 November 2009
162. Wakefield Harriers AC (http://www.wakefield-harriers.co.uk/), wakefield-harriers.co.uk, archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20100327214421/http://www.wakefield-harriers.co.uk/) from the original
on 27 March 2010, retrieved 21 November 2009
163. lwrcl (http://lwrcl.org.uk/), lwrcl.org.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091130195721/htt
p://lwrcl.org.uk/) from the original on 30 November 2009, retrieved 21 November 2009
21 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
164. Pugneys (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/ParksAndOpenSpaces/PugneysCountryPar

k/About.htm), wakefield.gov.uk, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090526204405/http://ww
w.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/ParksAndOpenSpaces/PugneysCountryPark/About.htm) from
the original on 26 May 2009, retrieved 22 November 2009
165. Golf (https://web.archive.org/web/20090620003305/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure
/LeisureFacilities/GolfCourses/default.htm), wakefield.gov.uk, archived from the original (http://www.
wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/LeisureFacilities/GolfCourses/default.htm) on 20 June 2009,
166. Wakefield Prison information (http://www.justice.gov.uk/contacts/prison-finder/wakefield), Ministry of
Justice, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130410230412/http://www.justice.gov.uk/contacts/
prison-finder/wakefield) from the original on 10 April 2013, retrieved 17 April 2013
167. West Yorkshire Police (https://web.archive.org/web/20081221222444/http://www.westyorkshire.polic
e.uk/npt/Division.asp?id=15), West Yorkshire Police, archived from the original (http://www.westyork
shire.police.uk/npt/Division.asp?id=15) on 21 December 2008, retrieved 22 November 2009
168. Wakefield Fire Station (http://www.westyorksfire.gov.uk/stations/wakefield), West Yorkshire Fire and
Rescue Service, 2009, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110222070619/http://www.westyorks
fire.gov.uk/stations/wakefield) from the original on 22 February 2011, retrieved 23 November 2009
169. Home.The Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust (http://www.midyorks.nhs.uk/), The Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091109170824/http://www.midyorks.nhs.uk/) from the
original on 9 November 2009, retrieved 23 November 2009
170. Our PCT – Wakefield District NHS Primary Care Trust (https://web.archive.org/web/20091218182453/htt
p://www.wakefielddistrict.nhs.uk/ourPCT/), Wakefield District NHS, archived from the original (http://
www.wakefielddistrict.nhs.uk/ourPCT/) on 18 December 2009, retrieved 23 November 2009
171. Drainage – sewers (https://web.archive.org/web/20100114183035/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Envir
onment/sewers.htm), Wakefield Council, archived from the original (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/En
vironment/sewers.htm) on 14 January 2010, retrieved 23 November 2009
172. "The Gissing Trust" (http://www.wakefieldhistoricalsoc.org.uk/The%20Gissing%20Trust.htm).
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085006/http://www.wakefieldhistoricalsoc.org.uk/T
he%20Gissing%20Trust.htm) from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
173. Barbara Hepworth (http://www.barbarahepworth.org.uk/biography/), barbarahepworth.org.uk,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091124052506/http://www.barbarahepworth.org.uk/biogra
phy/) from the original on 24 November 2009, retrieved 25 November 2009
174. The Hepworth, Wakefield. "The History of The Hepworth Wakefield" (https://hepworthwakefield.org/
our-story/our-history/). The Hepworth Wakefield. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190811205
302/https://hepworthwakefield.org/our-story/our-history/) from the original on 11 August 2019.
Retrieved 11 August 2019.
175. David Storey (http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth222), contemporarywriters.com,
archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101215133715/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/auth
ors/?p=auth222) from the original on 15 December 2010, retrieved 25 November 2009
176. David Hope (https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/desertislanddiscs_20051211.shtml), BBC, archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20091023143840/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/desertislanddis
cs_20051211.shtml) from the original on 23 October 2009, retrieved 25 November 2009
177. "John Leech for Didsbury West in the Manchester local election" (https://whocanivotefor.co.uk/perso
n/1554/www.northwestlibdems.org.uk/). Who Can I Vote For? by Democracy Club. Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20200523114824/https://whocanivotefor.co.uk/person/1554/www.northwestlibde
ms.org.uk/) from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
178. "Wakefield's twin towns" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131017025315/http://www.wakefield.gov.u
k/CommunityAndLiving/TownTwinning/twintowns.htmclick). Wakefield City Council. Archived from the
original (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CommunityAndLiving/TownTwinning/twintowns.htmclick) on
17 October 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
179. "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns). Archant Community
Media Ltd. Archived from the original (http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns)
on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
180. "Wakefield Council signs 'sister city' agreement in China" (https://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Pages/News
/PR8304.aspx). Wakefield City Council. 2 August 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017070
2025505/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/Pages/News/PR8304.aspx) from the original on 2 July 2017.
22 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
181. Johnson, Kristian (28 February 2022). "Wakefield to cut all ties with its twinned Russian city Belgorod"
(https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/news/local-news/wakefield-cut-ties-twinned-russian-23240230).
Yorkshire Live. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230109184057/https://www.examinerlive.co.
uk/news/local-news/wakefield-cut-ties-twinned-russian-23240230) from the original on 9 January
2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
182. "FIELD MARSHALL MONTGOMERY RECEIVES THE FREEDOM OF WAKEFIELD" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20200523114831/http://www.yorkshirefilmarchive.com/film/field-marshall-montgomery-receive
s-freedom-wakefield). Yorkshire Film Archive. Archived from the original (http://www.yorkshirefilmar
chive.com/film/field-marshall-montgomery-receives-freedom-wakefield) on 23 May 2020. Retrieved
31 March 2020.
183. "The Yorkshire Regiment given the Freedom of the City" (http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/lifestyle
/the_yorkshire_regiment_given_the_freedom_of_the_city_1_975111). Wakefield Express. 15 March
2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120319040553/http://www.wakefieldexpress.co.uk/lif
estyle/the_yorkshire_regiment_given_the_freedom_of_the_city_1_975111) from the original on 19
March 2012.
184. "March marks regiment's Freedom of City honour" (http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/around-yo
rkshire/local-stories/march_marks_regiment_s_freedom_of_city_honour_1_2596082). Yorkshire Post.
12 September 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121012174211/http://www.yorkshirep
ost.co.uk/news/around-yorkshire/local-stories/march_marks_regiment_s_freedom_of_city_honour_1_
2596082) from the original on 12 October 2012.
Bibliography
▪ Beckett, J. V. (2005). City status in the British Isles,1830–2002 (https://books.google.com/books?id=jqqS

SOyjBEoC&q=wakefield+city+status+1888&pg=PA40). Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-7546-5067-7.
▪ Bell, Richard (2009). Walks in the Rhubarb Triangle. Willow Island Editions. ISBN 978-1-902467-18-4.
▪ Butler, Lawrence (1991). Sandal Castle Wakefield. Wakefield Historical Publications.
ISBN 0-901869-31-7.
▪ Creighton, O. H. (2004). Castles and landscapes. Equinox Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-904768-67-9.
▪ Freeman, T. W. (1966). The Conurbations of Great Britain (https://books.google.com/books?id=XjS8AAA
AIAAJ&q=Wakefield%20County%20Borough&pg=PA173). Manchester University Press.
▪ Galloway, Robert L. (1971). Annals of Coal Mining and the Coal Trade Vol. 1,1898. David & Charles.
ISBN 0-7153-4980-5.
▪ Holt, J.C. (1997). Colonial England, 1066-1215. Continuum International Publishing Group.
ISBN 1-85285-140-6.
▪ Lupton, Joseph Hirst (1864). Wakefield Worthies, biographical sketches (https://books.google.com/book
s?id=VdoHAAAAQAAJ&q=Wakefield+worthies). London.
▪ Mills, A. D. (1998). Dictionary of English Place-Names. Oxford. ISBN 0-19-280074-4.
▪ Reaney, P.H. (1964). The origin of English place-names (corrected 3rd pr.). Routledge and Kegan Paul.
ISBN 0-19-280074-4.
▪ Saunders, John (1848). The People's journal, Volume 4 (https://books.google.com/books?id=s1QAAAAA
YAAJ&q=Wakefield%20Corn%20Exchange&pg=PA102). John Saunders.
▪ Taylor, Kate (2008). The Making of Wakefield 1801–1900. Wharncliffe. ISBN 978-1-84563-078-2.
▪ WakefieldMDC (2008). List of Listed Buildings, Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Buildings of Local
Interest (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/EC7F3485-64A8-4D27-B478-7DB069212F91/0/Lis
ted_Buildings_Nov_2008.pdf) (PDF). wakefield.gov.uk. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201106
15131155/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/EC7F3485-64A8-4D27-B478-7DB069212F91/0/L
isted_Buildings_Nov_2008.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 23 November
2009.
▪ Walker, J.W. (1966). Wakefield its History and People Vol.1&2 3rd Edn. S.R. Publishers.
External links
▪ City of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council (http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/)
▪ Wakefield (https://curlie.org//Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/West_Yorkshire/Wakefield/)
at Curlie
23 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wakefield&oldid=1156116069"
24 of 24 21/05/2023, 13:09

Wakefield - Wikipedia

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wakefield - Wikipedia

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wakeﬁeld - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

Wakefield is a cathedral city in West Yorkshire, England located

Climate data for Wakeﬁeld [hide]

Neighbouring towns and places

The number of theft-from-a-vehicle offences and theft of a vehicle per

High Rises on the Kirkgate Estate

Wakefield had a population of 76,886 in 2001.[74] At the 2011 Census, the

Gill Sike House, Horbury Road

Terraced housing on Silcoates

Population growth in Wakeﬁeld from 1881 to 1961

Wakeﬁeld RSD 1881 – 1911[76] Wakeﬁeld MB/CB 1921 – 1961[77]

transport, storage and communication industries.[81]

Wakefield Westgate station opened in 1867 on the Doncaster to Leeds line.

St John's Church was built in 1795 in the Religion in Wakeﬁeld 2001[115]

Agbrigg Muslim Association have a Zakaria Masjid Mosque in Wakefield. [131]

House, and currently presents a programme of entertainment including

Wakefield's newspaper, the Wakefield Express,[141] was founded in 1852.

Two children's nursery rhymes with Wakefield connections are "Here We

Film and Television Locations

Rugby Union Football is played at Sandal RUFC[157] and was played by

fire station.[168] Hospital services are provided by the Mid Yorkshire

Jane McDonald, singer was born in Wakefield in 1963.

▪ Alfeld (Leine), Germany (since 1958) ▪ Girona, Spain (since 1990)

Freedom of the City

1. Wakeﬁeld's thorpes are: Alverthorpe, Chapelthorpe, Gawthorpe, Hollingthorpe, Kettlethorpe,

1. "Wakeﬁeld" (https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/yorkshireandthehumber/). citypopulation.de.

41. St John's Conservation Area (http://www.wakeﬁeld.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E8944333-8A9A-4EF6-918B-07

61. "Imran Ahmad Khan expelled from Conservative party" (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/202

106. Taylor 2008, pp. 129–130

128. "the Diocese of Leeds" (http://www.leeds.anglican.org/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016

146. Bell 2009, p. 2

164. Pugneys (http://www.wakeﬁeld.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/ParksAndOpenSpaces/PugneysCountryPar

▪ Beckett, J. V. (2005). City status in the British Isles,1830–2002 (https://books.google.com/books?id=jqqS

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wakeﬁeld&oldid=1156116069"

You might also like