FOREIGN

According to Mitchell Fennell, Christopher Beirne, A. Cole Burton (2022), in the literature Use of
object detection in camera trap image identification: Assessing a method to rapidly and accurately
classify human and animal detections for research and application in recreation ecology, surveillance
camera has been widely used to answer complex ecological situations. However, the rapid growth of
these images presents technical challenges. Every image collected is subjected to be analyzed, to be
extracted and potentially creating an information. They applied object detection model to camera trap
data. They tested it to detect humans and animals and assessed efficiency by comparing time of manual
image classification versus the modified one. The test performed well in classifying a camera trap data
set which increased the processing efficiency.

Images were collected from 36 camera traps in Cathedral Provincial park , British Columbia ,
Canada that were deployed from July 1, 2019 to October 1, 2020. This project involves the investigation
of the impacts of human recreational activity on wildlife habitat use. These resulted in a very few human
detections. The images were classified according to their species level. The MegaDetector detected
human images with 97.2% accuracy compared to the manual which resulted in 94.7%.

This study provides an effective application of an existing object detection model to enhance the
classification of camera trap data. This increases processing huge quantity of human detections. This
acceleration may aid in narrowing gaps between researchers and managers by providing information in
a timely manner. These gains in efficiency is relevant to the increasing number of human images that
may exceed the number of animal ones.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989422001068?
fbclid=IwAR2MUVedmdQF6XUkm-OsmZtRfaidEQfG8HEv-fbhbmT-Yzhom0D4L_Spbjg

According to Manjula S. and Lakshmi Krishnamurthy (2016) in the literature A Study On Object
Detection, campuses use camera surveillance in order to monitor the events in area of interest.
However, using these human surveillance has its own limits which the researchers are trying to solve in
this study. The researchers aims to create an automated visual surveillance system. This will be able to
track moving objects and behavior analysis in the given vide sequence. This will provide a wide range of
application such as human identification at some distance, monitoring congestion, detection of
anomalous behavior etc.

Object detection’s goal is to detect all instances of objects such as people and vehicles. Object
detection would be a difficult task because lighting in each environment varies, rapid changes of objects
appearance and non-target objects in background.

Object detection accuracy in a surveillance video is one of the major components of computer
vision due to its wide range of applications. This task is very difficult due to several factors including low
resolution, light variation, and dynamic objects in the background. The researchers presented an
overview recent developments of object detection methods. Existing methods proves that future work
are needed to improve object detection process in surveillance videos.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338253407_A_STUDY_ON_OBJECT_DETECTION?
fbclid=IwAR3kadBpZgEjD3Eh4beU3cpB9AI6_VKYE5kjYC4veGMYJlSxT2J6fpbQsak
 According to Abdul Ghafoor Awan and Fahad-Ul-Haq Khan(2016) in the literature Impact of
Management Information System on the Performance of the Organization, they analyzed 31
organizations to know the positive impacts of management information systems and how it can increase
profit, innovation and affect an organizations growth. Regression and correlation test was applied to
relate between variables. Results turned out giving positive relationship between organization’s
performance and management information system.

The research methodology was used to test the hypothesis and concepts. Primary technique
was used to collect the required data. These data is collected though interviews based with structured
questionnaire. These data will be used for finding and analyzing proper results.

Management information system has been very helpful by enhancing performance of the
organization in a lot of ways. The MIS satisfies diverse variety of systems such as query, analysis and
modeling system. MIS also showed significant gain in strategic planning, management control and
operational control. MIS plays vital role in an organization which are information generation,
communication, problem solving and decision making.

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234695393.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2AASwIvt2K3J_cRzXnNKpeL6Rwmo247GbLdVjIAWlyIFvyfT9fKSxseLc

LOCAL

According to John Kevin P. Imus, Elmer D. Magleo, Mary Angelica A. Soriano and Romulo L.
Olalia, Jr(2018) in the literature Barangay Management Information System (BMIS) for Cities and
Municipalities in the Philippines, they are seeking to solve a difficulty that has been occurring in a
barangay. The proposed idea is to introduce Management Information System to solve barangay
problems. This study provided an effective way to manage and keep the record of every information
that is needed of barangays. An added feature of the said system is that besides from recording and the
managing of information, it can also send documents from barangay hall to the city hall.

Quantitative method was used in this study. This focuses on gathering numerical data and
dividing it to groups of people to explain a particular event. The used method will be conducted by
interviews, observations and surveys. The researchers used a descriptive developmental method in
gathering important information on how the system will be presented and designed.

Management information systems plays a big role in making work efficient. Policies that is
practiced in barangay hall is a significant factor in determining its integrity. The proponents was based
on the scope of the study since sending reports was included in the process of the system. The system is
recommended to be used by computer literate personnel, it is to run the system without supervision.
https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume180/number19/imus-2018-ijca-916441.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR17GHB2j3MhyjQ05kDCmjXvgqICv8p5qzbN3Q4bpj4snfiEGmsdST_bBxM

According to Tyrone Noel Batingal, Angelo Ryan Camering, Robert Naguit, Terence Recato Dy
and Joel Ilao(2016) in the literature Vision-based Vehicle Detection, counting and classification in
Philippine roadways Traffic is an issue in the Philippines. With the increasing numbers of vehicles, road
capacity is being outpaced. Hence, several surveillance systems are being developed to monitor traffic.
This study contains detection and counting of vehicles prior to the videos taken. The detection is limited
to the range of surveillance minimalizing the overall processing time. The scope only includes daylight
traffic videos. Surveillance camera has high inaccuracy in medium and heavy traffic.

System is tested using the archer’s eye. They used a video with a span of one month to get an
accurate representation of the traffic. The video record was then cut in to 5 mins clips to lessen
processing time. Comparing the downloaded traffic videos to the ideal ones, it shows same FPS rate,
same resolution and same image quality. However, the downloaded video was said to occur frame drops
which happens when internet connection drops.

The said system could possibly be improved by adding other vehicle detection features that
doesn’t solely rely on illumination. Also, the background reduction could still be improved to increase
video accuracy. These work can also include vehicle tracking and deployment on a web based
environment.

https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/dlsu-research-congress-proceedings/2016/HCT/HCT-II-
02.pdf?fbclid=IwAR04nYjscO0N1camsOiSJ1PLHe3e31pGtyoKC2-NwlV7SOVQ-MEisWrYAcM

According to Chinmay Jathar, Swapnil Gurav and Krantee Jamdaade(2019) in the literature A Review On
QR Code Analysis, Quick response code stores large volume of information that can be used by
smartphones to be decrypted at high speeds. There are risks points in this QR code. An individual are
not aware weather the code will take them to a respectable information or to a malicious one. These
day QR codes are used in a wide variety of things such as promoting, security, lecturers and etc. As
smartphones grows swiftly, so is QR codes. With this growing, protection feature of QR code is serious
like data alteration and leakage. This study contains analysis of QR code and its applications.

Scientific research has greatly affected the progress and enrichment of new age technology. This
extracts truth and invents new ideas in a scientific way. Descriptive research finds facts in inquiries and
surveys. This explains the state of current affairs that currently exists. In another hand, applied analysis
finds solution to instant use that a community or an industry faces. Wherein, basic study is used to
generalize and formulate a theory. These following techniques was used to aid the analysis of QR code.

QR code resulted to store large amount of data and is damage resistant which overcomes key concerns
with regards to security. QR codes in public domains will continue to strive in the future. QR code
nowadays is being used in marketing, secure payment systems, advertising , education systems and
many more.

https://www.ijaiem.org/Volume8Issue7/IJAIEM-2019-07-02-3.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1gIVT_NSRowQvtOha-jSj-
5yJhDzCGXnesjMfL0inKhtrZ8s_rHbQSUPw

RRL

According to Steve Fredette(2022) in the literature QR codes have ushered in a new era of
hospitality, QR codes are now tools that are used for enhancing guest experienced within restaurants. It
enables dynamic menu and tests new pricing. This pandemic surely brought back QR code to enact
public safety measure which stands to continue nowadays. According to Insider Intelligence, the growth
of QR code scanning rose by 10% in 2022, a jump of 15% last year and 25% in 2020. 68% adults was said
to use contactless transactions and used mobile payments options. At the peak of pandemic, QR code is
perhaps the best tech revival story of this decade so far.

In not-so-distant future, they predict that restaurants will offer more than the ability for
guest to make a reservation online. But also, to enable customers to select a certain table location and
select their drinks and meals ahead of time. Mobile ordering is vastly used throughout the world and QR
code that helped usher these orders.

https://www.nrn.com/technology/qr-codes-have-ushered-new-era-hospitality?
fbclid=IwAR3as9Pj8Khzb48s8hGwtJpUutD7jCRFzG60ZfOFGku_3mKP-6gPB7jlBVE

according to Laurent May in the literature How the pandemic gave QR codes new life and
they’re here to stay, since Quick response code was introduced in a way to track vehicles and parts
during manufacturing, scannable codes have been spread through a lot of things like video games,
currency of various countries and even in interactive headstones. Until 2020, QR codes are not part of
dining business until covid 19 pandemic suddenly changed all of that. Restaurants go on touchless
systems, QR codes that opens an online version of menu. As soon as guests sit down, they will be able to
review the menu and possibly make an initial order in a more convenient way.

https://www.qsrweb.com/news/how-the-pandemic-gave-qr-codes-new-life-and-theyre-here-to-stay/?
fbclid=IwAR34r7C16aTNUFr3_6jqJs02u93CroB1IYHWW32PMg-vnlEUZUjHleqMG_c

according to INC.COM. in the literature Management Information Systems, MIS are

computerized database of organized information that produces regular reports on its operation. The
main purpose of an MIS is to provide managers feedback of their performance and the organization can
monitor the management as a whole. MIS simply automates different kinds of counting, tallying, record
keeping etc. Data in MIS are collected automatically from computer linked checkout counters. MIS are
also used to monitor and track company’s stocks.
https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/management-information-systems-mis.html?
fbclid=IwAR34r7C16aTNUFr3_6jqJs02u93CroB1IYHWW32PMg-vnlEUZUjHleqMG_c

according to QR code generator in the literature Benefits of using QR codes in magazines and news
paper, QR codes enhances shopping experience of an individual. This is used by magazines which has
indicated QR code which then can be scanned and redirected to the promoted products. QR codes also
boosts readers engagement. This means that newspapers or magazines can promote their products with
supporting link that is to be scanned with the use of QR code and redirect them to links that may help
them know more about what piques their interest. This amplify promotions such as adding coupon QR
codes in magazines and newspaper which can possibly have rewards, coupons and giveaways.

https://www.qr-code-generator.com/qr-codes-on/newspapers-magazines/?fbclid=IwAR3cDs-
0uQ79T8w35JdpsrAScYNzRwyZXGKPIYK-xlqrZZIy5yGTwCNHd2Y