Gas – vapor

Statement of gas behavior

Boyle’s Law

k
V = Charles’s Law
P
P1V1 = P2V2 V
=k Gay Lussac’s Law
T
V1T2 = V2T1
P
=k
T
Ideal gas Law
P1T2 = P2T1
PV = nRT
 Statement of gas behavior
Boyle’s Law

The volume of a gas is inversely

proportional to its pressure (for a given
mass at constant temperature).

For example:
A force is applied to a piston to reduce
the volume of the cylinder by half. This
results in double the pressure of gas in
the cylinder.
 Statement of gas behavior
Boyle’s Law

Where V1 and P1 are the initial volume and pressure,

and V2 and P2 are the final volume and pressure
P1.V1 = P2.V2
 Statement of gas behavior

Example:
The 500 mL of Oxygen was compressed at 760
mmHg until reached the volume of 425 mL. How was
the pressure of oxygen after the compression?

Known parameters:
P1= 760 mmHg
V1= 500 mL
V2= 425 mL

Question: P2=?
Statement of gas behavior
 Statement of gas behavior

Task 1:
What should we do to have 300 mL of oxygen at
20ºC if we just have 250 mL of oxygen ?
(assumption: constant pressure and constant mass)

Known parameters:
V1 = 250 mL
V2 = 300 mL
T2 = 20+273 = 293K

Equation used: V1/T1 = V2/T2

Question: T1?
 Statement of gas behavior

≈ - 29oC

Thus, we should to raise up the temperature

of oxygen from - 29°C until 20°C
 Statement of gas behavior

Task 2:
The amount of 50 L nitrogen was in a hard container at
101 kPa, 25ºC. How would the pressure of cotainer if it
was heated until 150ºC?

Known parameters:
P1= 101 kPa
T1= 25+273 = 298 K
T2= 150+273 = 423 K

Question: P2?
Statement of gas behavior
 Exercise 1

There was 50 dm3 of oxygen at 27º C

and 35 atm. How much moles of oxygen?
R=0.082 L.atm/mol.K
 Exercise 2

The 5 mol of gas was placed in a

chamber with volume 40 L. The pressure
of gas is 3 atm at 20ºC.
How much the pressure of 20 mol gas if
its volume become 100 L at temperature
87ºC?
 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)

1. Phase rule and Raoult’s law

x A + xB = 1 p A + pB = P
y A + yB = 1 P v A .x A + P v B .x B = P

pA = xAP v
A
P v A .x A + P v B (1 − x A ) = P
pA Pv A xA
yA = =
P P
x = liquid fraction
y = vapor fraction
pA = partial pressure A (atm)
PvA = vapor pressure pure A (atm)
 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)
2. Boiling-point diagram and xy plots
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)
 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)

Example

Calculate the vapor dan liquid compposition of

benzene(A) – toluene(B) that was in
equilibrium state at 95°C, 1atm(101.32 kPa).
Vapor pressure of benzene and toluene are
155.7 kPa dan 63.3 kPa.
 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)

Penyelesaian

P v A .x A + P v B (1 − x A ) = P

155.7 (xA) + 63.3 - 63.3(xA) = 101.32

 xA = 0.411  xB = 0.589

Pv A xA
yA = = 0.632
P
y B = 0.368
 Exercise

How was the total pressure of the mix of water-

benzene for every temperature below if the
liquid fraction of benzene is 0.4?
 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)
Solution:

P v A .x A + P v B .x B = P

Water (A), benzene (B):

xB = 0.4, xA = 1-0.4=0.6

For example at 35.3oC:

43(0.6) + 150(0.4) = P
P = 85.8kPa
 Latihan soal
The data of hexane-octane vapor pressure was given as
below:

Using Raoult’s Law, calculate the liquid-vapor

composition of hexane (A) and octane (B) at total
pressure 101.3 kPa
 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)

P v A .x A + P v B (1 − x A ) = P

For example at 68.7°C, (total pressure= 101.3 kPa)

101.3( x A ) + 16.1(1 − x A ) = 101.3

(101.3 − 16.1)( x A ) = (101.3 − 16.1)
x A = 1, x B = 0
x A P v A 1(101.3)
yA = = = 1, y B = 0
P 101.3
 THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION

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