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LEARNING KIT

I. TITLE
 Subject: General Chemistry I
 Time Frame: 2 Days (Week 5/ Quarter 2)
 Topic: Gas Laws (Boyle’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law and Charles’ Law)
 Grade Level: 12 (STEM)

II. OVERVIEW

Out atmosphere is composed of many gases, with nitrogen gas being the most abundant. The most
important gas present in our atmosphere is oxygen because we need in order to survive. The behavior of gases
as well as their reactions are parts of everyday life. For examples, turbulence experienced by airplanes,
photosynthesis, ozone gas protects us from the harmful effects of ultraviolet coming from the sun. Scientists
study gases to understand both their physical and chemical properties. This understanding can be useful in gas-
related technology such as airbags, carbonated drinks, rocket engines, scuba equipment, and many more.

III. OBJECTIVE:

 Learning Competency:
o Use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas under certain conditions of
change. (STEM_GC11G-Ihi-45)

 At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

o Discuss the different types of gas law (Boyle’s, Gay-Lussac and Charles’ Law).
o Use the gas laws to determine the pressure, volume, and temperature.
o Relate the concept of gas law (Boyle’s, Gay-Lussac and Charles’ Law) in real life scenario.

IV. CONTENT

A. Let’s Get Involved.

Directions: Analyze the given situation.

Imagine the tire of a vehicle which is need to pump air into the tire up to a given
pressure.

 What will happen if the pressure is much lower than what it should be?
 What will happen if the pressure is much greater than what it should be?

B. Let’s Explore.
Directions: Observe the following GIF.

What happen to the balloon inside the syringe? What happen to the air molecules inside the
container if the pressure and temperature increases?
 What happen to the balloon and air molecules inside of the balloon if the temperature increases?

C. Let’s Clarify Things.

Gas Laws
The behaviors of gases influenced by changes in pressure (P), temperature (T), and volume (V) can be
predicted by using different gas laws. They can also be explained using the postulates of the kinetic molecular
theory.

Boyle’s Law

It states that at constant temperature and number of moles, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional
to its pressure. The relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas was established by an Irish chemist
Robert Boyle (1627-1691). In an experiment, he found out that at constant temperature and fixed amount of gas,
doubling the pressure will cause the gas to decrease its volume by one-half. If the pressure, is reduced by one-
half the initial pressure, the volume of the gas doubles.

The volume – pressure relationship can be expressed in equation as

P1 V 1=P2 V 2
P1 and V1 represent initial conditions of pressure and volume, P2 and V2 are the new (final) conditions of
pressure and volume.

Examples:

a. An inflated balloon has a volume of 0.55 L at sea level (1.0 atm) and is allowed to rise to a height of 6.5 km,
where the pressure is about 0.40 atm. Assuming that the temperature remains constant, what is the final volume
of the balloon?

Solutions:

Given: P1 = 1.0 atm V1 = 0.55 L P2 = 0.40 atm V2 = ?

Derived the formula to get the final volume.

P1 V 1=P2 V 2

P1 V 1
V 2=
P2
Substitute all the given.
(1 atm)(0.55 L)
V 2=
0.40 atm
 ¿ 1.4 L

b. A sample chlorine gas occupies a volume of 946 mL at a pressure of 726 mmHg. Calculate the pressure of
the gas (in mmHg) if the volume is reduced at constant temperature to 154 mL.

Solutions:

Given: P1 = 726 mmHg V1 = 946 mL V2 = 154 mL P2 = ?

P1 V 1
P2=
V2

(726 mmHg)(946 mL)

P 2=
154 mL

¿ 4460 mmHg

Gay-Lussac’s Law

It is named after French chemist and physicist Joseph – Louis Gay – Lussac (1778 – 1850). In his
investigations, he discovered that all gases expand equally over a temperature range. Gay-Lussac’s law states
that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at a constant
volume.
Increasing the temperature of a gas will increase its average kinetic energy, causing the particles to
move faster. This increases the number of collisions between the gas particles and increase the pressure of gas.

This pressure – temperature relationship is given by the equation

P 1 P2
=
T1 T 2
P1 and T1 represent initial conditions of pressure and temperature, P2 and T2 are the new (final)
conditions of pressure and temperature. Temperature must always be expressed in Kelvin (K).

Examples:

a. A gas has a pressure of 3.00 atm at 127°C. What is its pressure at 227°C assuming that the volume remains
constant?

Solutions:

Expressed first the given temperature in Kelvin by adding 273.15.

Given: P1 = 3.00 atm T1 = 127°C + 273.15 = 400.15 K T2 = 227°C + 273.15 = 500.15 K

P2 = ?

Derived the formula to get the final pressure.

P 1 P2
=
T1 T 2
 P1 T 2=P2 T 1

Final formula:
P1 T 2
P 2=
T1

Substitute all the given.

(3.00 atm)(500.15 K )
P2=
400.15 K

¿ 3.75 atm

b. A sample sulfur dioxide kept in sealed tank has a pressure of 135 kPa at a temperature of 30.0° C. The
pressure in the container is then increased to 202 kPa. What would be the temperature in °C of the gas at this
new condition?

Solutions:

Given: P1 = 135 kPa T1 = 30.0°C + 273.15 = 303.15 K P2 = 202 kPa T2 = ?

P2T 1
T 2=
P1

(202 kPa)(303.15 K )
T 2=
135 kPa

¿ 453.60 K

Temperature must be in °C:

T (°C) = 453. 60 K – 273.15

= 180 °C

Charles’ Law

In 1800s, another gas law was established in an effort to improve the design of the hot air balloons.
French scientist Jacques Charles (1746-1823), together with Gay-Lussac, discovered the volume – temperature
relationship of gases at constant pressure. Gay-Lussac published their findings and named the gas law after
Charles. This law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at a constant
pressure.

As in Gay – Lussac’ law, increasing the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure. If the volume of
the container is variable, the force of the particle collisions will cause the gas to expand until the pressure
returns to its initial value.

This volume – temperature relationship is given by the equation

 V1 V2
=
T1 T2

V1 and T1 represent initial conditions of volume and temperature, V2 and T2 are the new (final)
conditions of volume and temperature. Temperature must always be expressed in Kelvin (K).

Examples:

a. A 254 mL sample of chlorine gas is heated from 23°C to 175°C at constant pressure. What is its final
volume?

Solutions:

Expressed first the given temperature in Kelvin by adding 273.15.

Given: V1 = 254 mL T1 = 23°C + 273.15 = 296.15 K T2 = 175°C + 273.15 = 448.15 K

V2 = ?

Derived the formula to get the final volume.

V1 V2
=
T1 T2

V 1 T 2=V 2 T 1

Final formula:
V 1T 2
V 2=
T1

Substitute all the given.

( 254 mL)(448.15 K )
V 2=
296.15 K

¿ 380 mL
b. A sample of sulfur dioxide gas occupies 2.30 L at 150°C. Calculate the temperature at which the gas will
occupy 1.65 L if the pressure remains constant. Express your answer in Celsius.

Solutions:

Given: V1 = 2.30 L T1 = 150°C + 273.15 = 423.15 K V2 = 1.65 L T2 = ?

V 2T 1
T 2=
V1

(1.65 L)( 423.15 K )

T 2=
2.30 L

¿ 303.56 K

Temperature must be in °C:

T (°C) = 303. 56 K – 273.15

= 30.4°C

Applications of Gas Law (Boyle’s, Gay-Lussac and Charles’ Law)

Boyle’s Law – Breathing, inflating tires, soda bottles, syringe, spray paint, spacesuits, and many more.
Gay – Lussac Law – Pressure cooker, aerosol can, inflated tires of vehicles may burst, water heater, and
many more.
Charles’ Law – Hot air balloon, human lungs, pool floats, baking, and many more.

D. Reinforce Learning.
Directions: Answer the following questions.

 How do volume and temperature of a gas behave at constant pressure?

 How do gas laws apply to everyday activities?

E. Let’s Evaluate.
Directions: Solve the following.

a. A 20.0 L gas kept in a movable piston has an initial pressure of 1.5 atm at 25℃. If the piston is allowed
to expand isothermally (i.e., at constant temperature) to 45.0 L, what will be the resulting pressure of the
gas?
b. A 50.0 L tank of helium gas placed outside the laboratory has a pressure of 5.0 atm at 25℃. How much
will the pressure increase at noontime when the temperature reaches 32℃?
c. Consider a 25.0 L gas in a container initially at 25℃ and 1 atm. If this gas is heated to 80℃, what will
happen to its volume under constant pressure?

V. REFERENCES:
Bayquen, A. V., & Peña, G. T. (2016). General Chemistry 1: Exploring Life Through Science Series, Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Quiming, N., Sacramento, J. (2016). General Chemistry 1, Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.

Patalinghug, W. C., Camacho, V.M. I., Sevilla III, F. B., et al. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School:
General Chemistry I, Quezon City.

Other Resources:
https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/boyles-law
https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/charles-law-and-gay-lussacs-law
https://learnbps.bismarckschools.org/mod/book/view.php?id=89463&chapterid=38127
https://studiousguy.com/boyles-law-examples/
https://chemistrygod.com/charles-law-examples
https://makeagif.com/gif/boyles-law-balloon-test-cool-science-experiment-RGV_YV