ALAGE ATVET COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROPOSAL ON

IMPLEMENTING PLASTIC BOTTEL UNDERGROUND DRIP WATER

IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CASE OF SMALL FRUIT PLANTS.

By:
1. Eskinder Ephrem
2. Dawit Shewarega
3. Melkamu Geta
4. Tsega Moges
5. Ashbir Mekonen
6. Henok Bekel
7. Kasahun Tadese
8. Mebirate Debebe
9. Eyob Nafi

SUBMITTED TO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND DISSIMINATION VICE

DEAN

Decimber, 2021E.C

ALAGE ATVE COLLEGE

Table of Content Page

1. Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
2. Statement of the problem-----------------------------------------------------------------------2
3. Significant of the technology-------------------------------------------------------------------2
4. Objectives of the technology-------------------------------------------------------------------2
5. Scope of the technology-------------------------------------------------------------------------3
6. Limitation of the technology-------------------------------------------------------------------3
7. Material and methodology----------------------------------------------------------------------3
8. Result and discussion----------------------------------------------------------------------------4
9. Participant-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
10. Work plan-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
11. Budget---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
1. Introduction

Climate change is expected to increase the surface temperature of the Earth and the oceans, raise
sea levels, alter the global distribution of rainfall, affect the direction of ocean currents and major
airstreams, and increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Climate change
is already causing loss of life, damaging property and affecting livelihoods in many
Parts of the world mainly affect sub-Saharan African countries such as Ethiopia because their
economies are highly dependent on climate-sensitive activities such as rain-fed agriculture.

In Ethiopia, agriculture contributes about 47% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
and more than 70 million people (85% of the Ethiopian population) depend on agriculture
directly or indirectly for their livelihoods (Index Mundi, 2014). Therefore, any effect on
agriculture due to climate will significantly affect the cultural rain fed agricultural practice of the
country. In order to withstand the effects of climate change on rain fed agricultural practice, it is
a must to find out another option such as developing nationally available water resources of the
country. According to the current knowledge, the country has about 124.4  billion cubic meter
(BCM) river water, 70 BCM lake water, and 30 BCM groundwater resources. It has a potential
to develop 3.8 million ha of land (Wetterhal, 1976).

Most of the available water resources are not suitable for irrigation development as their spatial
distribution and flowing environment is not appropriately important to be exploited. Even they
are easily assessable for irrigation development, they required higher initial planning,
designing construction cost with skilled man power. The impact of climate change also
negatively affects those main rivers in the country through under and over fluctuating the
discharge rate. On the other hands the number of population is rapidly increasing in the world
with incremental rate of food consumption. When we come to Ethiopia she is the second most
populous country in Africa (Awulacheet al., 2005). According to the Central Statistical Agency
of Ethiopia projection (CSA, 2005) from the 1994 census, the total projected population in
Ethiopia for 2006 was estimated to be 75 millions about 85 percent of which lives in the rural
areas depending on subsistence agriculture. With this huge number of population it is difficult
to develop irrigation scheme on each stream and river, rather it is smart to provide each of the
citizen to produce its own food around its home garden as much as possible with the help of
drip irrigation system.

Underground drip irrigation system is a type of pressurized irrigation system applying the
water to the crop drop by drop at the root zoon efficiently based on underground bottle. It can
easily be designed, installed, operated and maintained single handedly. Among the different
types of drip irrigation system, underground plastic bottle drip water irrigation system is the
simplest and the cheapest type. It can easily used by female and economically poor farmer to
produce vegetables and other types of crop around home garden to full fill their food demand.
Underground Plastic bottle drip water irrigation system is not highly required farmers
educational and skill knowledge, cost over planning, designing, operation and maintenance is
cheap so, it’s acceptable all over the country.
2, Statement of the Problem

In Ethiopia drip irrigation system is mainly used by private investors in order to produce high
value crops with expansive technologies. When we come to the local low income farmers, their
economic strength to cover the initial investment cost per system component is not competent,
also the operation and maintenance of the system required skilled man power. To make
economically poor and female farmers capable of using almost zero initial investment cost and
easily operated drip irrigation system is the main statement of this technology.

3, Significant of the Technology

Now a day, irrigation technology that required a lowest investment cost and efficient
application water to the crop is highly recommended to supply for the farmers.

Most of the technologies and innovations are complicated, expansive and required skilled man
power for installation, operation and maintenance. So, underground plastic bottle drip water
irrigation system solves the problem mentioned in the above and such kinds of technology are
significant for our country farmers as it can easily adopted.

4, Objectives of the Technology

4.1, General Objectives

To enable female and economically poor farmers to produce vegetables and fruit trees by using trashed
out underground plastic bottle drip irrigation system in order to save water and supply them with
nutrition and economic return.

4.2, Specific Objectives

 To create awareness about underground plastic bottle drip irrigation system.

 To introduce cost effective irrigation system.
 To grow fruit crops with small amount of water.
 To familiarize farmers with garden vegetation production.
 To minimize the amount of water and labor required for the irrigation system.
 To reduce environmental pollution due to trashed out plastic bottle.
 To supply balanced nutrition by producing home garden vegetables.
5, Scope of the Technology

Drip irrigation system most of the time adopted from small up to large scale irrigation system
depending on the available water head, skilled man power and economy.

However underground plastic bottle drip water irrigation system mainly recommended to
implement form individual home garden up to small scale irrigation system as the installation of
truss timber pole and lateral timber for medium and large irrigation system also per bottle filling
of water during irrigation required a huge man power.

6, Limitation of the Technology

underground Plastic bottle drip water irrigation technology is not adopted for medium and large
scale irrigation system. Even once implemented its operation is challenge full.
Once it is not correctly managed the bottle cap may be missed.
If the water sources for irrigation are not clean the space between the bottle cap and bottle head
teeth is become large.

7, Material and Methodology

Description of the Study Area

The technology transferring simulation will be conducted at Alage Atvet College small scale
irrigation department demonstration site by demonstrating the plastic bottle drip water irrigation
system from initial system component preparation up to operation and maintenance for the
selected 10farmers from nearby Keble depending on need assessment and relative to gender and
most of the trainees are female and model.

After the technology transferring training is accomplished, the trainer again going to conduct the
training at the selected Keble of ------ and ------. On the trained farmers own land or the Keble
FTC. The implementation is through 10% theory and 90% practical skill on the field.
8, Result and Discussion (In Field Work out and Calculation)

8.1 Lay out of the farm

 Demonstration area = 1.5*1.5m = 2.25m2

 Working space: along and across lateral= 12and 15cm on each side
 Length of lateral timber = 1.5m
 Height of truss pole timber = 70cm above the ground
 Spacing between lateral line = 30cm
 Spacing between dripper = 25cm
8.2 System component
 Number of truss pole timber = 8
 Number of lateral timber = 4
 Number of bottle per lateral = 5
 Plastic bottle diameter = 9cm
 Plastic bottle water holding height = 32cm
 Individual plastic bottle water holding capacity = 1.92litter
 The bottle attached to the lateral timber at 70cm above the ground.

Fig: Feature of plastic bottle drip water irrigation system.

Fig: Layout of demonstration area

8.3 Prototype Preparation, Installation and Operation Procedure.

Plastic bottle drip water irrigation system is simulated by using trashed out plastic bottle in such
a way that:

 Take 2 litters plastic bottle and cut out 3cm of its bottom.
 Drill each of the bottles manually on its bottom 2cm from the crown.
 Insert the wire on both holes of the plastic bottle to pull them on the lateral timber.
 Site clearance, installation of truss pole timber and incarcerate with lateral timber 70cm
above the surface.
 Laying the all ready prepared plastic bottle on the lateral timber with the help of wire.
 Cover the irrigation filed with grass (mulching) to eliminate the effects of splash erosion.
 Fill the plastic bottle with water on its top side (bottom part) and slightly open the cape of
the bottle, then it will start irrigation.

8.4 Value Chain and Kizen

The value chain for the given crop Onion is done from the being up to the last output also the
system component used in the system are prepared and order through Kizen principle.
9. Participant of Technology Transfer

The participant of the technology transfer will be:-

1.Dean of the College

2.Technology Transfer and Multiplication Vice Dean

3.Eight Instructors

4.Ten surrounding farmers

10, Work Plan (Tentative)

No List of Activities Date

1 Proposal Writing 27/06/2012
2 Informing the Keble DA leader about the technology training 30/06/2012
3 Selecting 10 farmers for the training 30/06/2012
4 Executing the technology transferring process 04/07/2012
5 Installing the technology on farmers own land 08/07/2012
6 Monitoring and Evaluation 08/07/2012

11, Cost break down for the Technology Prototype preparation, Installation and transferring Work

Most to the budget for the technology preparation, installation and transferring process is covered by
Alage Atvet College.

Table 1: Cost break down for raw materials

No List of material Unit Quantity Unit cost in Birr Total cost in Birr
1 Construction Wire Meter 10 ---------------------- -----------------------
2 Timber No 5 ---------------------- -----------------------
3 Plastic Bottle No 25 ---------------------- -----------------------
4 Grass Kw 1 ---------------------- -----------------------

Table 2: Cost break down for stationary

No Material Unit Quantity Unit cost in Birr Total cost in Birr

1 Pen No 15 15 225.00
2 Note book No 15 20 300.00
Sub total cost 525.00
Table 3: Cost break down for coffee and Tea

No Facilities Unit Quantity Frequency No of day Unit cost in Total cost in

per day birr birr
1 Coffee and
tea No 15 2 2 10 600.00
2 Water litter 15 2 2 8 480.00
3
Lunch No 15 1 2 20 600.00
4 Kollo Kg 2 2 2 50 400.00
Sub total cost 2080. 00

Table 4: Cost break down for personal expense

No Participant Unit Quantity No of day Unit price/day Total price in birr

1 Trainer No 4 2 549 4392
2 Coordinators No 2 2 724 2896
Sub total cost 7288.00

Table 5: Summery of Budget

No Cost item Sub total cost in birr

1 Coffee and tea 2080.00
2 Stationary 525.00
3 Personal expense 7288.00
4 Contingency 5% 494.65
Overall cost 10387.65