Government of Nepal

Ministry of Urban Development

Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal

National Housing Policy

Inception Report

Consultant:

Vastu Architecture Engineering Consultancy

Janakpurdham

2079

Kathmandu
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest gratitude towards the Ministry of Urban

Development for providing us with an opportunity to Review of National

Housing Policy for Nepal by reviewing the existing Housing related national and

international policies. The study team is dedicated to translate the current needs

of the country into effective strategies and action plans for a sustainable, reliable,

resilient and inclusive National Housing Policy. We are indebted towards all

organizations and individuals whose continuous guidance and reviews have been

invaluable to the project.

The Study Group

VASTU ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1

1.1. Background............................................................................................................. 1

1.2. Objectives & Scope of Studies ................................................................................ 1

1.3. Scope of Work ........................................................................................................ 2

1.4. Methodology ........................................................................................................... 3

1.5. Possible list of stakeholders..................................................................................... 3

1.6. Project Timeline ......................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEWed Materials ..................................................................................... 6

2.1. Constitution of Nepal.................................................................................................. 6

2.2. The Fifteenth Plan (Fiscal Year 2019/20 – 2023/24) ................................................... 7

2.3. Economic Survey 2020/21 .......................................................................................... 8

2.4. Study and review of other reference materials ............................................................. 9

2.5 Housing and Settlement Development ........................................................................... 10

Background ................................................................................................................. 10

2.5.1 Major Problems .................................................................................................. 10

2.5.2 Challenges and Opportunities ............................................................................ 11

2.5.3 Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies and Working Policies .................................. 11

Goal ................................................................................................................................ 11

Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 12

Strategies and Working Policies ...................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER III PROPOSED FORMAT FOR NATIONAL housing POLICY ...................... 16

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

According to preliminary statistics from the 12th national census, the total number of

households in the country is 5,643,945 and the number of families living in them is 6,761,059,

resulting in a household to family ratio of 1: 1.2, compared to 1: 1.18 in 2011. In comparison

to the census 2011 (5,427,302), the number of families has increased by 24.57 percentage. A

national policy is needed to address the country's rapid urban growth and growing need for

shelter and related infrastructure, as well as changing socioeconomic parameters. The Ministry

of Urban Development has previously published “The National Housing Policy, 2068” in order

to focus housing issues and encourage long-term housing development. Therefore, the Ministry

of Urban Development, as a part of the annual projects in the fiscal year 2078/79 has decided

to revise the National Housing Policy of Nepal. In order to draft the policy, the ministry has

hired Vastu Architecture Engineering Consultancy as a consultant.

Based on the contract agreement between the Ministry of Urban Development and Vastu

Architecture Engineering Consultancy, this inception document has been prepared and

presented to the ministry for review and recommendations.

1.2. Objectives & Scope of Studies

The main objective of this study is to formulate the draft National Housing Policy, 2079. Its

other underlying objectives are as follows:

A) Review of National Housing Policy, 2068 and analysis of its implementation status
 B) Identify current issues, problems, challenges and opportunities in housing sector

C) Identify the role of federal, state and local governments in implementing Housing

policy

D) To prepare the structure of policy implementation

1.3. Scope of Work

The following areas of work will be covered during the study:

A) Review of National Housing Policy, 2068.

B) To review the plans and projects being implemented by the Department of Urban

Development and Building and to ascertain what plans have been formulated in

accordance with the objectives embodied in the National Housing Policy.

C) To study and analyze the main projects related to the housing being operated by the

Urban Development and Building Construction Department and other bodies including

the municipalities.

D) To review the shortcomings in the policy.

E) Identify potential housing issues, problems, challenges and opportunities now and in

the future,

F) To study other policies related to housing development,

G) To review the laws, rules, policies, international conventions related to Kathmandu

Valley Development Authority, Urban Development Committee, Municipality,

Department of Road, Ministry of Drinking Water, Education, Health,

Telecommunication and Electricity Authority, etc.

H) Define the objectives and strategies of the proposed national housing policy and

I) To clarify the role and interrelationship of federal, state and local level
1.4. Methodology

The following method will be adopted for this study work as per the agreement:

A) Study and review of related documents

B) Relevant Acts, Rules, Guidelines including National Housing Policy, 2068

C) Other related national and regional policies and practices,

D) Status of urban policy, planning, current practice and implementation

E) Preparation of preliminary report on the basis of collected information and data

F) Analysis of problems related to housing and urban growth

G) Policy through group discussions with experts, advisors and stakeholders related to

housing sector

H) Long term thinking (at least 2 discussion programs with different groups)

I) In formulating the final draft of the policy including the suggestions from the discussion

J) Presentation of the final draft of the policy (a central level workshop in the presence of

broader stakeholders).

K) Final report modified as per comments and suggestions received from the workshop.

1.5. Possible list of stakeholders

The following is a list of potential stakeholders for the purpose of formulating this national

urban policy

Representation of organizations is required:

A) Federal Government and State Government - Roads, Drinking Water, Electricity,

Communication, Land Management, Ministries, departments and divisions assigned to

look after the environment, education and health sectors

B) National Planning Commission

C) Local Government - Municipalities, Sub-metropolises and Municipalities

 D) Academic sector - experts in urban planning, culture and conservation, environment,

urban infrastructure and Institutions of engineering studies teaching subjects related to

urban planning and development

E) Business Sector - Regional and Urban Planners Society of Nepal, Nepal Engineering

Association, Society of Nepali Architects

F) Private sector - Real Estate Entrepreneurs, Representative of private sector involved in

planned housing, Private sector organizations like Federation of Commerce, Federation

of Real Estate Entrepreneurs

G) Non- government organizations – Organizations which are dedicated in advocating and

developing community based settlement for urban poor such as Lumanti Support Group

for Shelter, Centre for Integrated Urban Development, etc.

H) International Organizations - UN Habitat for Human Development, UNDP, World

Bank, Asian Development Bank etc.

The list may be modified with the consent of the employer as required.
1.6. Project Timeline

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3

S
Main Tasks W W W W W W W W W W
N
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

Inception report with preliminary

1
study, review and data

Setting of various provisions,

long-term vision, goals and
2
objectives after various focused
group discussions

Draft Building Policy

3
Formulation

Final Building Policy

4
Formulation

Presentation and discussion on

5 Final Building Policy
Formulation at central level

6 Final Report

Take part in various discussions

7 and presentations related to
drafting of the building policy
CHAPTER II

REVIEWED MATERIALS

2.1. Constitution of Nepal

The right to housing is considered a part of human rights in the modern world. One of the major

steps taken by the United Nations in the protection of human rights and fundamental rights is

the “implementation of international human rights law”. Following the Universal Declaration

of Human Rights issued in 1948, the steps taken by the United Nations to establish this right

worldwide are now being implemented through various conventions and declarations.

Nepal has also expressed its commitment to implement the United Nations Declaration of

Human Rights by signing it and in the process of implementing it has been implementing

human rights issues by amending the national laws and regulations and formulating necessary

policies, programs and plans. Nepal has made arrangements to implement human rights related

to housing through the same process. In this context, the state has given the level of

constitutional fundamental right of the citizen to this level by making provision regarding the

right to housing in Article 37 under Part 3 of the Constitution of Nepal, 2072. As provided in

this section, every citizen shall have the right to adequate housing and except in accordance

with the law, no citizen shall be evicted or encroached upon from his or her own residence.

Similarly, under Article 42, the right to social justice, Article 2 also mentions the right to

housing for the citizens of economically deprived and endangered communities. Under the

guiding principles, policies and obligations of the state under Part 4 of the constitution, the

policy of the state to manage the unmanaged settlements and to develop planned and systematic

settlements seems to be a part of the housing policy. The State shall be responsible for the

implementation of such rights and policies as provided by the Constitution, and the
Government of Nepal shall submit to the President an annual report on the implementation of

these constitutional directives, policies and obligations. In addition, there is a constitutional

provision in the federal parliament to have a committee in accordance with the law to monitor

and evaluate the progressive implementation of the directive principles, policies and

responsibilities of the states mentioned in the constitution.

The state's political goal is to improve the federal democratic republican system in order to

secure the enjoyment of democratic rights by incorporating the idea of proportionality into the

governance system based on local autonomy and decentralization. The national housing policy

must address such rights of individuals as well as reduce obstacles and provide an enabling

environment for housing activity by diverse sections in developing an efficient and equitable

system for housing.

2.2. The Fifteenth Plan (Fiscal Year 2019/20 – 2023/24)

During the fourteenth plan period, 9,008 housing units and 18 government buildings were

completed, although the goal was to develop 13,00 housing units and 60 government

buildings. Similarly, 31 integrated towns are in the planning stages, with the goal of

developing seven model settlements with infrastructure.

The current development agenda consists of good governance, development, and

prosperity. It is aimed at developing a prosperous, self-reliant, and fast growing economy

based on the strengthening of socialism-oriented welfare state and mobilizing all available

resources. The plan sets a national target of increasing the percentage of people living in

safe housing to 60% by the end of fiscal year 2023/24, up from 40% in fiscal year 2018/19.

Similarly, by the conclusion of the time, the plan intends to increase the number of

households with access to basic drinking water from 89 percent to 99 percent. Under the

right to housing, approximately 2 million housing units need to be constructed by 2023,

 out of which some 400,000 housing units will be needed for poor, endangered, and

marginalized communities, Under the People’s Housing Programme, 17,000 housing units

have been constructed for the poor, endangered, and marginalized groups by 2018/19, and

grants have been provided for the purchase of zinc sheets and timber for the construction

of 7,000 safe citizen housing.

The Fourteenth Plan had the responsibility of reviving the economy suffering a colossal loss

from the earthquake and the economic blockade.

It is against this background that the Fifteenth Plan has been prepared with the long-term vision

of fulfilling the shared national aspiration for “Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali” by making

Nepal a high-income country by 2043. The Plan represents the foundation for achieving the

long-term vision of increasing Nepal’s per capita national income to at least USD 12,100.

The country has reached closer to the goals set forth by the Fourteenth Plan by embarking on

the path of high economic growth. Improvement signals are also apparent in production and

productivity. The government has adopted the policy of equitable distribution of development

returns by involving socioeconomically backward communities and areas into the process of

overall development through social protection. It is, therefore, essential to make additional

improvements in the citizens’ living standards by maintaining good governance, achieving

rapid economic growth, enhancing productive employment, and reducing income inequality.

2.3. Economic Survey 2020/21

The global pandemic of Covid-19 has caused humanitarian and economic crisis with negative

economic growth in most of the countries. The Nepalese economic growth has become

negative by 2.12 percent first time in the last two decades in fiscal year 2019/20 due to the
impact of Covid-19 pandemic, which is severer than that of the economic loss caused by the

devastating earthquake of fiscal year 2014/15. In addition to the detail analysis of impacts of

Covid-19 pandemic on various sectors of Nepalese economy, the survey report also includes

the efforts made on infection control with consolidated details regarding economic and social

activities.

Housing Programs

• Safe Citizen Housing Program : Mid-March of fiscal year 2020/21(the roof replacement

activity is ongoing in 143,218 houses of 753 local levels after fixing the number of

houses at local levels for the replacement of thatched roof with zinc sheets)

• Grant to 6,782 family at the rate of 50,000 each of Banke, Bardiya, Dang, Surkhet and

Sindhupalchowk districts who were affected by the floods and slides of 2013

• Integrated Settlement Development Program

2.4. Study and review of other reference materials

The following materials will be reviewed in detail in the following reports:

• Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030

• Deego Bikash Lakshya (SDGs)

• Economic Survey 2019 (Ministry of Finance)

• Sectorial Business Plan (DUDBC)

• National Housing Plan

• Planning Norms and Standards (2013)

2.5 Housing and Settlement Development

Background

The Constitution of Nepal recognizes the right to housing as a fundamental right and

requires the state to respect, protect and fulfill the right of all citizens to safe, suitable, and

environment-friendly housing and provide housing facilities to homeless citizens. The

Constitution also has policy provisions for the development of planned and systematic

settlements to manage informal settlements. The government has guaranteed the right of

citizens to safe housing by linking it with social security through policy and legal

arrangements. Similarly, scattered households in remote and high-risk areas need to be

relocated to nearby safe places in integrated settlements also ensuring that they are

financially strong.

Under the right to housing, approximately 2 million housing units need to be constructed

by 2023, out of which some 400,000 housing units will be needed for poor, endangered,

and marginalized communities, Under the People’s Housing Programme, 17,000 housing

units have been constructed for the poor, endangered, and marginalized groups by

2018/19, and grants have been provided for the purchase of zinc sheets and timber for the

construction of 7,000 safe citizen housing.

2.5.1 Major Problems

Major problems are inadequate facilitation for the development of integrated and planned

settlements; loss of the huge amount of money and life annually due to unsafe settlements

and weak housing structures; construction of houses through personal efforts becoming

expensive and unsustainable; collective and multi-storied joint housing units built by the

private sector becoming out of reach for low-income families and the urban poor; low
 public interest in collective housing programs; and a gradual reduction in the use of

traditional building materials and technologies.

2.5.2 Challenges and Opportunities

Major challenges are to: develop integrated settlements based on scientific land use for

scattered settlements in remote and high-risk areas; build safe and low-cost housing using

local construction materials; ensure housing facilities for low-income groups,

marginalized people, groups facing disaster risks, and the urban poor; and attract the

private sector to collective housing programs.

Major opportunities are: implementation of the Right to Housing Act, 2018;

implementation of safe citizen housing and People’s Housing Programme for the ultra-

poor, endangered, and marginalized ethnic groups by the Government of Nepal; increase

in public awareness as well as technical capacity in the construction of safe housing in

aftermath of the catastrophic earthquake of 2015; increase in private sector investment in

planned housing and land development; mobilization of funds from cooperatives and

welfare funds for the construction of systematic housing; relocation of remote and high-

risk settlements with preparations for integrated settlement development; increased family

income due to changes in occupational diversity; and increased need and potential for

urbanization due to increase in household income from remittances.

2.5.3 Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies and Working Policies

Vision

Accessible, safe, resilient, and integrated housing and settlement.

Goal
 To make arrangements for sustainable and resilient housing for people through the

development of integrated planned settlements.

Objectives

1. To build or upgrade safe, environment-friendly, accessible, and resilient housing

appropriate for all income groups.

2. To develop integrated settlements in coordination and collaboration among

federal, provincial, and local levels.

Strategies and Working Policies

Strategies Working Policies

1. To enhance 1. Capacity building programs will be implemented for the local

institutional capacity level by formulating and amending necessary policies, acts,
by clarifying sectoral regulations, and working procedures to ensure good
roles of federal, governance based on clarity about the roles of federal,
provincial, and local provincial, and local levels in relation to housing and
levels. settlement development.
2. Unplanned, old, and dense settlements will be rehabilitated.
3. Integrated programs will be implemented by encouraging
participation from the local level, private sector, and local
people in the development and expansion of housing and
infrastructure services.
4. Private sector operated housing and land development
companies will be encouraged to expand their services to
urban areas beyond the Kathmandu Valley.
5. Existing policies will be revisited to encourage the
construction of joint and mixed housing units to meet the
growing demand for housing in urban areas.
6. Unhealthy development of settlements will be controlled by
ensuring r easy access to rented accommodation with the
involvement of government agencies.
7. Policies and standards will be developed and implemented to
promote and mobilize investment from financial agencies
active in the housing sector including Town Development
Fund by conducting studies on soft loans, subsidies, and other
possibilities for finance.

2. To discourage 1. The relocation of settlements will be encouraged by

settlements in areas identifying geographically remote areas, areas with high
 Strategies Working Policies
that are development impediments, inaccessible areas vulnerable to
geographically disasters, and settlements in the Chure region. Relocation will
remote, have high follow the identification and development of safer settlements
development nearby.
impediments, and are 2. Integrated settlements with basic services and facilities will
inaccessible and be developed based on density and population.
vulnerable to 3. Special social housing will be developed for people living
disasters. with physical disabilities, senior citizens, and people at high
risk of disasters.

4. To develop 1. While developing new lands for settlements, the application

environmentally of appropriate technologies and design will be encouraged to
balanced, financially complete the construction and distribution of infrastructure
viable, technically services at the lowest possible cost.
suitable safe, and 2. Low-cost housing units will be constructed using low-cost
well-managed technologies and local construction materials by identifying
integrated alternative sources of investment including under public-
settlements. private partnerships.

5. To make 1. Safe housing will be made available for the ultra-poor,

arrangements for safe, endangered, and marginalized ethnic communities, and the
affordable, and urban poor.
environment-friendly 2. Thatched roofs will be replaced with zinc sheets as a
housing for the poor, campaign.
Dalits, Muslims, 3. Cooperative housing will be prioritized.
endangered and
marginalized ethnic
communities, and
communities at high
risk of disasters.

4. To develop physical 1. Provisions for land acquisition will be simplified to develop

 Strategies Working Policies
infrastructure integrated settlements.
services in a 2. Land pooling programs and other forms of land development plans
planned and programs will be implemented in urban areas as well in
integrated collaboration or with the involvement of the private sector to increase
manner and in the supply of developed plots for households willing to build houses
such a way that on their own.
land for housing 3. A Land and Housing Development Fund will be established as a
is acquired national level autonomous body by expanding the jurisdiction of the
ensuring existing Land Development Revolving Fund currently under the
effective use of Department of Urban Development and Building Construction.
land.
 CHAPTER III

PROPOSED FORMAT FOR NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY

Table of Content

Executive Summary

1. Backgrounds
2. Scope of study
3. Procedure adopted in the study
4. Contents of Preliminary and Final Draft
5. Topics Raised in Various Interaction, Discussions and Presentation
6. Purposed Building Policy
i. Background
ii. Past Efforts
iii. Present Situations
iv. Problems and Challenges
v. Need for Review of housing Policy
vi. Vision
vii. Goals
viii. Purpose
ix. Policy
x. Strategy
xi. Programs
xii. Organization Structure
xiii. Economic Aspects
xiv. Legal Arrangement
xv. Monitoring and Evaluating
xvi. Risks
xvii. Dismissal and Protection
7. Schedules
REFERENCES

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2078). National census 2078 Preliminary Result. Kathmandu.

Commission, N. P. (2020). Fifteenth Five Year Plan. National Planning Commission.

Construction, M. o. (2001). National Transportation Policy. His Majesty's Government of

Nepal.

Finance, M. o. (2019). Economic Survey 2018/19. Government of Nepal.

Finance, M. o. (2021). Economic Survey 2020/21. Government of Nepal Ministry of Finance.

Habitat, U. (2019). Final Report on Localization of New Urban Agenda and Urban SDG.

Kathmandu: UN Habitat.

Ministry of Finance. (2021). Economic Survey 2020/2021. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.

Nepal, C. A. (2015). Constitution of Nepal. Nepal Law Commission.

Nepal, P. o. (2017). Local Government Operation Act 2017. Nepal Law Commission.

Panchayat, H. M. (1988). Kathmandu Valley Development Authority Act 2045. His Majesty's

Government of Nepal and National Panchayat.

 DRAFT

OF

NATIONAL HOUSING

POLICY 2079
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gu/ ljsf; sf]if (TDF) / IAPs dfkm{t gu/kflnsf k"j{fwf/df nufgL ug{] p2]Zon] gjf}+ of]hgf -!((&–@))@_
w]/} gu/kflnsfx¿sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] lyof]. 1999 df LSG P]g hf/L ePkl5, gu/kflnsfx¿nfO{
ljs]G›Ls/0f gLltåf/f lgb{]lzt ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] lyof]. gjf}+ of]hgfn] klg g]kfn xfplhª 8]enkd]G6
kmfOgfG; sDkgLdfkm{t 3/ lgd{f0fsf nflu /sd h'6fpg] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 / hUuf PsLs/0f
sfo{qmddfkm{t ^ xhf/ 3/hUuf ljsf; ug{] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 . cfjf; pTkfbgdf ;xof]u ug{, u|fdL0f cfjf;
sDkgLnfO{ @)!@ df /fli6«o cfjf; sDkgLdf k'g;{+/rgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

t/ o:tf kxnx¿n] Go"g cfo ePsf cfjf;sf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g. ;/sf/n] dWod tyf Go" g
cfo ePsf hgtfsf] a9\bf] cfjf;sf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ef8f ef8f (rental) / ;xsf/L
(cooperative) cfjf;;DaGwL gLltdf sfd ug{' kg{]5 .

kl/R5]b #

jt{dfg l:yltM
/fli6«o cfjf; gLltn] ;dfhsf ;a} ju{nfO{ Ifdtf / cfjZoQmf cg';f/sf] hUuf, cfjf; / ;]jfx¿ pknAw
u/fpg] p2]Zon] b]zdf af;:yfgsf] lbuf] ljsf;nfO{ k|j4{g ug{] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . ljut Ps bzsdf g]kfndf
klg w]/} kl/jt{gx¿ cg'ej ul/Psf] 5, h;sf] k|df0f cfjf;sf] dfudf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] b]vfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o
hgu0fgf @)&* sf] k|f/lDes glthf cg';f/ %^,$#,($% 3/df xfn ^&,^!,)%( kl/jf/x? a;f]af; ul//x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . @)^* sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ s'n %$,@&,#)@ kl/jf/ a;f]af; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn 3/ /
kl/jf/sf] cg'kft !M!=@ /x]sf] k|f/lDes hgu0fgfsf] glthfn]] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] ;f]xL cg'kft @)^* sf]
hgu0fgf cg';f/ !M!=!* kfOPsf] lyof] . o;} k|sf/ laut !) jif{df kl/jf/ ;+Vof !#,##,&%& n] j[l¢ ePsf]
k|f/lDes glthfn] b]vfPsf] 5 h'g eg]sf] @$=%^ k|ltztsf] j[l4 xf] .

@)!% sf] e"sDk uPsf] ^ jif{kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o k'glg{d{f0f k|flws/0fn] ^ nfveGbf a9L 3/sf]
k'glg{d{f0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5. e"sDk k:rfot u[x dGqfnoåf/f ul/Psf] ;j{]If0fn] s'n $,(*,*%@ 3/
k"0f{?kdf elTsPsf] jf dd{t ug{ g;lsg] u/L Ifltu|:t ePsf] / @,%^,^(& 3/ cf+lzs Iflt ePsf] b]vfPsf]
lyof]. Iflt / gf]S;fgsf] cfwf/df, l/se/L cfjZostf ? #,@&,&^@ s/f]8 cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfly{s jif{ @)@) / @! sf] kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd ;'/lIft gful/s cfjf; sfo{qmd cGtu{t &%# :yfgLo txsf
! nfv $# xhf/ @ ;o !* 3/df :yfgLo txdf v/sf] 5fgfnfO{ h:tfkftfn] k|lt:yfkg ug{] u/L 5fgf
k|lt:yfkgsf] sfo{ hf/L /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)!(/@) df ;'/lIft gful/s cfjf; sfo{qmdcGtu{t 5gf]6
ePsf !$ xhf/ !( nfeu|fxLdWo] *)% nfeu|fxLn] of] ;'ljwf kfPsf lyP . ;'/lIft gful/s cfjf;
sfo{qmdaf6 xfn;Dd ^ xhf/ $!$ nfeu|fxLn] ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf 5G .

hg;Î\ofsf] ljB't kx'Fr (#.) k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5, ljB't pTkfbg j[l4. dWo h'nfO{ @)@) ;Dd kx'Fr lah'nL
hg;+Vofsf] 90.0 k|ltzt lyof]. To;sf/0f xfdLn] kmf]xf]/af6 lah'nL h:tf ljleGg ;|f]taf6 lah'nL pTkfbg
ug{'k5{ .

#=!= 3/ kl/jf/sf] u0fgfM

#=!=!=af9L / klx/f] cfpg' cufj} ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nodf c+zj08f sfuh kfl/t u/]sf 3/ kl/jf/nfO{
5'6\6} 3/ kl/jf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 .

#=!=@= af9L / klx/f] cfpg' cufj} dfgf] 5'l6\6leGg eO{ cnu cnu 3/ agfO{ a;f]af; u/]sf] t/ c+zj08f
sfuh c88\faf6 kfl/t gu/]sf] eP :yfgLo lgsfo k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xa/df ePsf]
;h{ldg d'r'Nsfaf6 k'li6eO{ lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltsf] cg'df]bgdf k/]sf] k|efljt 3/wgLnfO{ 5'66}\
3/ kl/jf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 .

#=!=#= 3/ hUufsf] :jldTj ePsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ljb]zdf ePsf] cj:yfdf Psf3/ ;+uf]nsf] kl/jf/sf]
gftf k|dfl0ft ePsf xsjfnf nfO{ 3/ kl/jf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 . -$_ hUufwgLsf] d[To' eO{ :jfldTj
xsjfnfx?df gfd;f/L x'g afFsL ePsf] cj:yfdf d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf ;a} xsjfnfx?sf]
;+o'Qm jf lghx?sf] d~h'/Ldf xsjfnfdWo] Ps hgfnfO{ 3/ kl/jf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 .

#=@= gS;f / l8hfOg M

-@_ pkbkm -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg cg'bfg ;Demf}tf x'g cufj} 3/wgL :j+on] zf}rfno
;lxtsf] e'sDk k|lt/f]wL k|ljlwsf] 3/ lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/De ul/;s]sf] xsdf lgld{t jf lgdf{0ffwLg cfjf;
k|fljlwsn] r]shfFr ubf{ ljefuaf6 tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 k'/f u/]sf] egL k|dfl0fs/0f eO{ cfPdf l:js[t gS;f
/ l8hfOg adf]lh g} ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
cg';"rL !, bkmf ^ pkbkmf -#_ ;+u ;DjlGwt af9L / klx/f]af6 Ifltu|:t lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu
hUuf ePsf nfeu|fxL;+u u/Lg] cg'bfg ;Demf}tf–kq / cg';"rL @, bkmf ^ pkbkmf -#_ ;+u ;DjlGwt af9L
/ klx/f]af6 38]/L tyf lghL cfjf; Ifltu|:t ePsf]df hUuf vl/b / cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cg'bfg
;Demf}tf–kq भरी निर्माण को कमर् अगमनि बढ् छ .

#=#= hUuf Plss/0f ug{] ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf

:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf !! -%_ -s_ df pn\n]v ul/P cg';f/ e"dL Joj:yfkg lgDg
tl/sfn] ug{ ;lsG5 M
 • ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL :yfgLo :t/sf] e" pkof]u gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmd th{'df /
sfo{fGjog
• ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z sf] dfkb08sf] cwLgdf /xL Jojl:yt a:tL ljsf;sf sfo{qmdsf] th{'df /
sfo{fGjog, Plss[t a:tL ljsf;sf nflu hUufsf] Plss/0f tyf hUuf ljsf; / Joj:yfkg
• :yfgLo :t/df cJojl:yt a;f]af; Joj:yfkg

#=$= cJojl:yt a;f]af; ug{] kl/jf/sf] cfjf;sf] l:yltM

g]kfnsf] zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qsf] P]nfgL tyf kt{L hUuf cltqmd0f u/L a;f]af; ug{] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof lbgx'F
a9\bf] 5 . o;/L cltqmd0f u/]/ sRrL, c:yfoL 6x/f agfO{ a:g]x¿sf] cj:yfklg bogLo 5 ;/sf/L:t/df
a]nfavt ljleGg cfof]u u7g u/L of] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ k|oTg u/]klg xfn;Dd plrt ;dfwfg x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .

#=%= e"ldxLg tyf cGo lg. ;xfo ju{sf] cfjf;sf] l:yltM

sd}of k|yf pGd"ng kl5 @&%&) d'Qm sd}of kl/jf/nfO{ k'ga{f; u/fpg] sfo{ e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfno
cGtu{taf6 u/]sf] ePklg hUuf ;DaGwL k|zf;lgs sfo{ ug{] lhn\nf e"ld;'wf/ sfo{fnonfO{ k'gaf+; h:tf]
k|fljlws k|s[ltsf] sfd ug{ ko{fKt k|fljlws ;xof]u / ;dGjo x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f sd}of a;f]af;sf] ;d:of
clxn];Dd klg ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g g]kfndf pn\n]vgLo ;+Vofdf cfly{s tyf zf/Ll/s b[li6sf]0faf6
kLl8t ju{x¿ /x]sf 5G h;sf] lxtsf] nflu cfjf; Joj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if gLtsf] th{'df x'g' cfjZos
5. oL ju{df e"ldxLg tyf lgM;xfo kl/jf/ (s[lif dhb'/, sd}of, xnL, x¿jf, r?jf cflb), k|fs[lts
k|sf]kaf6 3/hUuf ljxLg x'g k'u]sf kl/jf/ tyf zf/Ll/s ?kdf b'a{n, c:j:y JolQmx¿, lgM;xfo dlxnf /
aof]j[l4x¿ kb{5G .

#=^= g]kfndf lbuf] cfjf; k|j4{gM

UN-Habitat / ;fem]bf/x¿n] u|Lg xf]D; ( (२०१३-१५) lbuf] pkef]u / pTkfbgsf] nflu SWITCH Asia Call
cGtu{t o'/f]lkog o'lgog åf/f ljQ kf]lift kl/of]hgf ;'? uo{f] . of] tLg jif{] kl/of]hgf d'Votof nlntk'/,
kf]v/f / w/fgdf nfu" ePsf] xf] . xl/of] ejg, lgliqmo ;f}o{ l8hfOg, pmh{f bIftf, hn ;+/If0f / kmf]xf]/ /
kmf]xf]/ kfgLsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg 3/fo;L txdf kfFr k|d'v If]qx¿ ;dfj]z 5G. .
 kl/R5]b $

cfjf; ;DaGwL ;d:of, r'gf}lt / cj;/x?

@)&@ j}zfv !@ df uPsf] &.^ DoflUgRo'8sf] e"sDkkl5 !,)$^,)!( lghL 3/;lxt nfvf}+ ejgdf Iflt
k'u]sf] tYofÍn] em08} $)% Iflt ;x/L gu/kflnsfdf ePsf] b]vfpF5. NRA / cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿åf/f
cfjf; k'g:k|flKtdf pn\n]vgLo k|ult ePsf] eP tfklg zx/L cfjf; k'gMk|flKt u|fdL0f cfjf; k'gMk|flKtsf]
t'ngfdf ;':t /x]sf] 5. t/, ;x/L hg;+Vofsf] a[l4sf sf/0f zx/L cfjf; cfk"lt{n] a9\bf] ;x/L cfjf;sf]
dfu k"/f ug{ ;s]g. sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ;x/L hg;+Vofsf] cTolws Psfu|tfn] o;sf] zx/L cfjf;
;d:ofnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5. ;x/L If]qdf hUufsf] efp ck|Toflzt ¿kdf a9]sf] 5, h;n] ;x/L afl;Gbfx¿nfO{
ko{fKt hUuf lsGg / 3/ agfpg ufx|f] agfPsf] 5. o;afx]s, lgDg ejg ;+lxtfx¿ / ejg pklgodx¿sf]
k|efjsf/L sfo{fGjog ;+:yfut Ifdtfx¿df ;Lldttfx¿n] afwf k'o{fPsf] b]lvG5 .

$=!=cfjf; ;DaGwL k|d'v ;d:ofx? o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ M

• cko{fKt cfjf; cj:yfaf6 ;a}eGbf a9L k|efljt hg;Î\of h:t} ul/aL /]vfd'lgsf ljkGg,
blnt, zf/Ll/s b[li6sf]0faf6 kLl8t tyf c;xfo dlxnf, 3/af/ ljxLg kl/jf/sf] ;d"xx¿df
cfjf; u'0f:t/sf] cg'lrt ljt/0f .

• :j:y cfjf; zx/L of]hgf, oftfoft, ;dfh sn\of0f, jftfj/0f, / ljz]if u/L cfjf; /
lgd{f0f h:tf If]qx¿df ul/Psf sfo{x¿df lge{/ ub{5 . oL If]qx¿ aLrsf] ;xsfo{sf]
cefjsf sf/0f c:jf:Yos/ cfjf;sf] l;h{gf .

• pmh{f-art pkfox¿sf] ;DaGwdf ejgx¿sf] gjLs/0f / k'g:y{fkgf ;'lglZrt ug{ nufgLsf]

sdL tfls ejgx¿ kl/dfh{g ug{df sl7gfO{ .

• lbuf] lgd{f0f b[li6sf]0fsf] nflu sd sfa{g lgd{f0f ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{sf nflu lgd{f0f
kl/dfh{gx¿sf] d"n\ofÍg ug{] cWoogsf] cefj .

• zx/L l/se/L k|lqmof, lgd{f0fsf] pRr nfut / nfefy{Lx¿sf] nflu sd Aofhsf] cfjf;
k'glg{d{f0f C0fx¿df ljQsf] cefj .
$=@= cfjf; ;DaGwL r'gf}lt / cj;/x? M

• ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf nflu cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] ?kdf cfjf;sf] kl/k"lt{ ug{ pko'Qm Joj:yf /
jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{] .

• ul/aL /]vfd'lgsf ljkGg, blnt, zf/Ll/s b[li6sf]0faf6 kLl8t tyf c;xfo dlxnf, 3/af/
ljxLg kl/jf/sf] lglDt u/LaL lgjf/0f sfo{qmdsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf ;d'lrt cfjf;sf]
Joj:yf ug{] .

• cfjf;nfO{ Ps pkef]Uo j:t' dfq geO{ /fli6«o cy{tGq tyf JolQm ljz]ifsf] cflh{t ;DklQ,
k"+hL lgd{f0f / k"+hL ;+lrltsf] b[li6sf]0fn] /fi6«sf] cfly{s pTkfbgsf] cleGg cËsf] ?kdf
dfGotf lbg] .

• cfjf;sf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu ljQLo cfTdlge{/tfsf] l;4fGt ckgfpg] . o;sf] nflu ljleGg
cfo ju{sf kl/jf/sf] lglDt cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{] sfo{df lghL If]qsf] k|d'v e"ldsfnfO{
k|f]T;flxt / k|j4{g ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] pTk|]/s / ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{] . t/ ljkGg
kl/jf/, k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] sf/0faf6 tyf 7"nf cfof]hgfsf] sf/0faf6 lj:yflkt kl/jf/sf]
cfjf;sf] Go"gtd cfjZostfsf] Joj:yf ;/sf/n] ug{] .

• g]kfndf lbuf] cfjf;sf] k|j4{g ug{] g]kfnL ;x/x¿n] kfgLsf] cefj, kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg /
jftfj/0f k|b"if0fsf r'gf}tLx¿ ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5G. lbuf]kg clej[l4 ug{ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]
k|efjnfO{ cg's"ng ug{ jftfj/0fd}qL cEof;x¿ ;dfj]z ug{ / cfjf; If]qdf pmh{f vktnfO{
/f]Sg cfjZostf lbg] .

kl/R5]b %
cfjf; gLltsf] ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf

g]kfndf cfjf; lgs} uDeL/ / a9\bf] ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . of] ;d:of hl6n / ax'cfoflds k|s[ltsf] 5 lsgeg]
3/af/ljxLg hg;+Vofsf] j[l4, c:jLs[t ;+Vofdf j[l4 /cj}w ¿kdf cltqmldt a:tL, a:tL, hUufsf] d"n\o
qmdzM j[l4, 3/ ef8f / lgd{f0f ;fdu|Lsf] nfut. :j:y hLjgofkgsf nflu gful/s ;'ljwfsf] cefj /
;Lldttf Go"g / dWod cfo ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ lskmfotL cfjf;df kx'Fr.

cfjf; dfgj sn\of0fsf] cfwf/e"t PsfO xf] h'g k|To]s kfFr jif{df ;/sf/ kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f kl/jt{g x'G5.
2015 df ;/sf/L k|0ffnL ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf kl/0ft eof] h'g 58 gu/kflnsfx¿ 293 gu/kflnsf aGof] h;n]
;x/Ls/0f tLj| ¿kdf ePsf] b]vfpF5 h'g 60 k|ltzt eGbf a9L zx/L If]qdf a;f]af; ub{5 o;sf nflu
ljleGg k|sf/sf /0fgLlts gLltx¿ kl/dfh{g u/L xfd|f] hLjgsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ cfjZos 5 .

dxfgu/Lo zx/df cUnf] pRr 3gTj h:t}. pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf dWod 3gTj, gu/kflnsfdf Go"g j[l4 Go"g
3gTj, / ufpFkflnsfdf JolQmut cfjf;. ;x/L gLlt ;xsf/L cfjf;, ckf6{d]G6, ldl>t k|of]u cfjf;, /
v'nf 7fpFx¿ ;femf ug{] 7fpFdf x'g'k5{, / /0fgLlts gLltx¿ e"ld ljsf; / cfjf; ljsf;sf] nflu
k|flws/0fnfO{ k|flws/0fsf] nflu agfOPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b ^

b"/b[li6

;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft, lbuf], ko{fKt, lskmfotL / ko{fj/0f d}qL cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

kl/R5]b &

nIo

ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf / cJojl:yt tyf c;'/lIft j:tLdf a;f]af; u/]sf kl/jf/x?;d]t ;d]l6g] u/L

cfjf;sf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ .

kl/R5]b *

p2]Zo

*=!= ;a} cfoju{sf nflu pko'Qm x'g] u/L cfjf;sf] pTkfbg a[l4 jf :t/f]Gglt u/]/ cfjf;sf] dfu

k"/f ug{] .
 *=@= lskmfotL cfjf; ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]tx?df ;xh kx'Fr a[l4 ug]{ .

*=#= tLg} txsf] ;/sf/, lghL If]q / ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfx?sf] If]qflwsf/ :ki6 x'g] u/L cfjf;sf]

clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgfnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg] .

*=$= lbuf] ljsf; nIo nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tfx? k"/f x'g] u/L jftfj/0fd}qL j:tLx?sf]

ljsf; tyf pTyfg ug]{ .

kl/R5]b (

gLlt

dfly pNn]lvt p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{sf nflu lgDg gLltx¿ cjnDag ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

(=!= Jojl:yt cfjf;sf] ;[hgf ul/g] 5 .

(=@= cfjf;Lo k"j{fwf/sf] ljsf;sf nflu ljQLo ;|f]tx¿ ;'lglZrt ul/g] 5 .

(=#= gofF lgd{f0f tyf cjl:yt cfjf;sf] ;'wf/sf nflu lbuf] / :yfgLo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg

ul/g] 5 .

(=$= cfjf; lgd{f0fdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf / hg;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/g] 5 .

(=%= cfjf; ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf]

ljsf; ul/g] 5 .

(=^= cfjf;df k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] k|efjnfO{ sd ul/g] 5 .

(=&= ;dfhsf ljkGg, ;fdflhs ¿kdf lk5l8Psf / lkl8t hg;+VofnfO{ ;dfof]hg ul/ ;a}sf nflu

pko'Qm cfjf;sf] ;'lglZrttf ul/g] 5 .

 kl/R5]b !)

/0fgLlt

!)=! gLlt (=!= Jojl:yt cfjf;sf] ;[hgf ug]{ /0fgLlt M

!)=!=!= hldgsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u x'g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf cfjf;sf] cfjZoQmfg';f/ pTkfbg j[l4 u/L ;x/L tyf
;x/f]Gd'v If]qsf] cfjf;sf] dfunfO{ ;+jf]wg ug]{ M

:yfoL cfjf; M pkef]ustf{sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /xg] ljz'4 cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf] :yfoL ;+/rgf

c:yfoL cfjf; M k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf åGbsf] sf/0faf6 lj:yflkt kl/jf/nfO{ k'g:yf{kg ug{' cl3 tTsfn /fxt
:j?k pknAw u/fOg], s]xL ;dosf] nflu dfq k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] c:yfoL ;+/rgf

;+o'Qm cfjf; M b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L pkef]ustf{sf] ;femf jf ;+o'Qm :jfldTjdf /xg] ljz'4 cfjf;Lo
k|of]hgsf] :yfoL ;+/rgf

ldl>t cfjf; M u}/ cfjf;Lo ultljlwx? ;d]t ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] u/L lgld{t cfjf;Lo :yfoL ;+/rgf

ef8fsf] cfjf; M pkef]ustf{sf] cfk\mgf] :jfldTjdf g/xg] / k|of]u afkt z'Ns ltg'{kg]{ cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf]
:yfoL ;+/rgf .

!)=!=@= u|fdL0f cfjf;sf] pTkfbg j[l4 u/L cfjf;sf] dfunfO{ ;+jf]wg ug]{ .

!)=!=#= cfjf;sf] nflu cfjZos hUuf nufot ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx?sf] ljsf; PsLs[t ?kdf ug{] .

!)=@ gLlt (=@= cfjf;Lo k"j{fwf/sf] ljsf;sf nflu ljQLo ;|f]tx¿sf] ;'lglZrttf k|fKt ug]{ /0fgLlt M

!)=@=!= hUuf tyf cfjf; C0f ljt/0f k|ls|ofnfO{ ;/n / ;xh ug]{

!)=@=@= Go"g cfo ju{sf] nflu ;/n C0f tyf cg'bfg ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug{]

!)=@=#= cGt/f{li6«o tyf /fli6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx? tyf cfjf; If]qdf ;+nUg jrt / C0f ;xsf/Lx?;+u
;xsfo{ ug]{

!)=# gLlt (=#= gofF lgd{f0f tyf cjl:yt cfjf;sf] ;'wf/sf nflu lbuf] / :yfgLo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ k|fKt
ug]{ /0fgLlt M

!)=#=!= cfjf; PsfO{x?df k|of]u x'g] lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L / k|ljlwdf ;'wf/ ug{] .

!)=#=@= ljBdfg cfjf;sf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u tyf ;'/Iffsf pkfox? cjnDjg u/L :t/f]Gglt ug]{ .
!)=$ gLlt (=$= cfjf; lgd{f0fdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf / hg;xeflutf ;'lglZrttf k|fKt ug]{ /0fgLlt M

!)=$=! dlxnfx?sf] nflu pko'Qm cfjf;df kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{] .

!)=$=@ :yfgLo cfjf; d'2fx¿df hg;xeflutfsf] nflu jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ .

!)=% gLlt (=%= cfjf; ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;
k|fKt ug]{ /0fgLlt M

!)=%=! cfjf; ;DaGwL r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|j4{g ug{] .

!)=%=@ cfjf; ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt gLlt lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog, tflnd, cg';Gwfg, d"Nof+sg cflb sfo{x?
;+:yfut cfwf/df Jojl:yt ug{ k|jGw ug]{ .

!)=^= gLlt (=^= cfjf;df k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] k|efj sd ug{] /0fgLlt M

!)=^=!= j[xt\ kl/of]hgfx?af6 lj:yflkt kl/jf/x?nfO{ cGoq pko'Qm :yfgdf k'gjf{; u/fpg] .

!)=^=@= k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf åGåsf sf/0f lj:yflkt JolQmx?n] tTsfn /fxt :j?k k|of]u ug{ lgld{t
5fk|f], lzlj/ jf k'g:yf{kgf ug'{ cl3 s]xL ;dosf] nflu k|of]u ug{ lgld{t ;+/rgf jf sRrL 3/ h:tf
c:yfoL cfjf;sf] pknJwtf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

!)=&= gLlt (=&= ;dfhsf ljkGg, ;fdflhs ¿kdf lk5l8Psf / lkl8t hg;+VofnfO{ ;dfof]hg ul/ ;a}sf nflu pko'Qm
cfjf;sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{] /0fgLlt M

!)=&=! ;DalGwt ju{x?sf] nflu prLt cfjf;sf] k|fjwfg ug{] .

kl/R5]b !!
sfo{gLlt

!!=! /0fgLlt !)=!=!= hldgsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u x'g] u/L cfjf;sf] cfjZoQmfg';f/ pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{ ;DalGwt M

!!=!=! ljleGg cfo ;d"x, ljz]ifu/L Go"g cfo ePsfx?sf] lxt ;Da4{g ug{ / ljsf; ultljlw ;[hgf
ug{ of]hgfa4 ;x/Ls/0f / e"pkof]usf] gLltdf cfwfl/t ef}lts k"j{fwf/ / gful/s ;'ljwf;lxtsf]
cfw'lgs / pko'Qm k|0ffnLdfkm{t hUufsf] pknAwtf ;fO6 / ;]jf (site and services) of]hgf,
e"ld k'g ;dfof]hg (land readjustment) / cGo pko'Qm k|0ffnLaf6 a9fOg] .

!!=!=@ :Jfo+ cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ rfxg] kl/jf/x?sf] lgldQ ljsl;t 38]/L hUufx?sf] cfk"lt{df a[l4 ug{
 zx/L If]qx?df klg lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf jf ;xsfo{df hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmDf tyf cGo k|sf/sf
hUuf ljsf; of]hgf / sfo{qmDfx? ;+Rffng ug]{ .

!!=!=# lghL If]qaf6 ;+rfng e}/x]sf] cfjf; tyf hUuf ljsf; sDkgLx?nfO{ sf7df8f+} pkTosf
aflx/sf zx/L If]qx?df klg lj:tf/ ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

!!=!=$ zx/L If]qx?df a9\bf] cfjf;sf] dfunfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;+o'Qm / ldl>t cfjf; lgdf{0fnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug{ ljBdfg gLltx?df ;/nLs/0f ug]{ .

!!=!=% ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] ;+nUgtfdf ef8fsf] cfjf; ;/n ?kdf pknJw x'g] Joj:yf u/L

c:j:Yos/ a:tL lj:tf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ .

!!=!=^ cfjf; lgdf{0f Joj;fonfO{ pBf]u ;/x dfGotf / ;'ljwf ;x'lnotx? lbg] .

!!=@ /0fgLlt !)=!=@= u|fdL0f cfjf;sf] pTkfbg j[l4 u/L cfjf;sf] dfunfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{] ;DalGwt M

!!=@=! :yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L tyf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L ;a} cfoju{sf] lgldQ pko'Qm / plrt d"Nosf
38]/L tyf cfjf;sf] cfk"lt{ a9fpg] .

!!=@=@ u|fdL0f cfjf; ljsf;df u|fdL0f cfjf; sDkgLsf] e"ldsf P]g, lgodfjnL dfkm{t ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

!!=#= /0fgLlt !)=!=#= cfjf;sf] nflu cfjZos hUuf nufot ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx?sf] ljsf; PsLs[t ?kdf ug{]
;DalGwt M

!!=#=! k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, ljt/0f, Joj:yfkg / dd{t ;DaGwL sfo{x?sf] lhDd]jf/L, pQ/bfloTj / clwsf/ ljs]lGb|t
ug'{sf] ;fy} cfjf; tyf k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx?sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df :yfgLo lgsfo, lghL If]q tyf :yfgLo
hg;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt u/L PsLs[t ?kdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

!!=#=@ hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmdx?df pknJw ;]jf ;'ljwfx? jfkt nfUg] z'Ns jf:tljstfsf] cfwf/df

lgwf{/0f ug]{ tyf c;'nL k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ u/L ;DalGwt If]qut ;+:yfx?sf] cfo j[l4 ug]{ .

!!=#=# a;f]jf;sf] nflu gofF hUufx?sf] ljsf; ubf{ k"jf{wf/ ;]jfx?sf] lgdf{0f / ljt/0f Aoj:yf

;se/ Go"gtd nfutdf ;DkGg u/fpg] pko'Qm k|ljlw, l8hfO{gnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

!!=#=$ k"jf{wf/ ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf] lgdf{0f ljsf; ubf{ To;af6 hg–:jf:Yodf kg]{ k|efj, jftfj/0fLo

nfesf] ;fy} cGo ;'ljwfx? af/] hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

!!=% /0fgLlt !)=@=!= hUuf tyf cfjf; C0f ljt/0f k|ls|ofnfO{ ;/n / ;xh ug{] ;DaGwdf M

!!=%=!= ;xh cj:yfdf cfjf; C0f k|fKt ug{] bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] agfpg] / cfjf; ljQ k|lqmofnfO{
;/nLs[t ug{] .

!!=%=@= k'/fgf 3/sf] dd{t, dd{t;Def/ / cGo ;fGble{s cfjf; ;DaGwL sfo{x¿ ug{sf nflu ;lhnf]
 ;t{df C0f / C0f of]hgfx¿ ;~rfng ug{] .

!!=^ /0fgLlt !)=@=@= Go"g cfo ju{sf] nflu ;/n C0f tyf cg'bfg ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug{] ;DaGwdf M

!!=^=!= dWod tyf Go"g cfo ePsf ;d"xsf nflu ;fgf ˆNof6 lgd{f0f ug{ cfjf; C0f of]hgfnfO{
lj:tf/ ug{] .

!!=^=@= Go'g cfo ePsf / cfjf; ljxLg ju{sf nflu sd nfutsf] cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ ;–;fgf 38]/L
Kn6, cfwf/e"t ef}lts ;]jf ;'ljwf / cg'bfg tyf ;x'lnot C0f pknAw u/fpg] .

!!=^=#= ;Lldt cfo ju{sf] lgDtL ;+o'Qm cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ ;/sf/L :t/af6 ;se/ k/n d"Nodf hUuf
tyf ;x'lnot C0f pknAw u/fO{ ;xsf/L cfjf; (Cooperative Housing) ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf
ug{] sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg tyf cg'udg ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefuaf6 ug]{ .

!!=& /0fgLlt !)=@=#= cGt/f{li6«o tyf /fli6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx? tyf cfjf; If]qdf ;+nUg jrt / C0f

;xsf/Lx?;+u ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M

!!=&=!= lglZrt cfo;|f]t gePsf ax';+Vos kl/jf/x?nfO{ hUuf, ejg lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L tyf cfjf;
Joj:yfsf] nflu C0f pknJw u/fpg cfjf; ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgfsf] ;fy} ;fd"lxs–lwtf] shf{
Joj:yfx? -collective collateral arrangements_ sf] k|j4g ug]{ .

!!=&=@= hUuf vl/b tyf cfjf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu ljQLo ;+:yf tyf a}+sx?nfO{ C0f sfo{qmDfx? ;a}
ju{sf] kx'+rdf k'Ug] u/L kl/rfng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

!!=&=#= cfjf; lgdf{0fdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ clej[l4 ug{ ljQLo ;+:yf, jrt / C0f
;xsf/Lx?nfO{ ljz]if sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

!!=* /0fgLlt !)=#=!= cfjf; PsfO{x?df k|of]u x'g] lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L / k|ljlwdf ;'wf/ ug{] ;DaGwdf M

!!=*=!= ejg lgd{f0fdf ;f}o{ Kofgn h8fg / pmh{f art lgd{f0f ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug{] .

!!=*=@= cfjf;df :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{, jftfj/0f d}qL lgd{f0f ;fdu|L / /0fgLltsf] k|of]udf ljz]if
k|fyldstf / 5'6 lbg] .

!!=*=#= tflndx?sf] dfWodåf/f lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx?sf] u'0f:t/ hfFr ug'{sf] ;fy} lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx?
v]/hfg glbO{ clwstd k|of]u u/fpg ;Ifd agfpg]

!!=( /0fgLlt !)=#=@= ljBdfg cfjf;sf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u tyf ;'/ Iffsf pkfox? cjnDjg u/L :t/f]Gglt ug{] ;DaGwdf M

!!=(=!= cfjf;sf] hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfsf] klxrfgsf] nflu cfjf;sf] ljBdfg cj:yfsf] cWoog ug{]

!!=(=!= u|fdL0f cfjf;nfO{ :j:Yos/ agfpg ;'wfl/Psf] r'Nxf], ;f}o{ phf{, afof]Uof; k|ljlw tyf
 zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf u/L :t/f]Gglt ug]{ .

!!=(=@= ;'/lIft cfjf; lgdf{0fsf] lgldQ ejg ;+lxtfsf] kfngf clgjfo{ ug]{ .

!!=(=#= cfjf; PsfO{nfO{ :j:ys/ agfpg kfgL gr'lxg] / cf]; k|lt/f]wL pkfox? cjnDjg ug]{ .

!!=!) /0fgLlt !)=$=! dlxnfsf nflu pko'Qm cfjf;df kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{] ;DaGwdf M

!!=!)=!= dlxnf g]t[t kl/jf/x?, ljwjf / cljjflxt dlxnfsf] lgldQ cfjf;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .
!!=!)=@= gLlt tyf Jojxf/df dlxnfsf] cg'ej, k|fyldstf / cfjfhnfO{ k|ltlalDat x'g] ul/, kl/jf/,
;d'bfo, :yfgLo, / /fli6«o ;a} txdf n}lËs ;xeflutfnfO{ a9fjf lbg] .

!!=!! /0fgLlt !)=$=@ :yfgLo cfjf; d'2fx¿df hg;xeflutfsf] nflu jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;DaGwdf M

!!=!!=!= 3/kl/jf/ gePsf j[4j[4fnfO{ cf>o lbg ;x/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf j[4f>d :yfkgf u/L To;sf]
Joj:yfkgsf nflu :yfgLo hgtf / ;]jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg] .

!!=!!=@ cfjf; ;DaGwL gful/s a8fkq / ;a} cfjZos tYofÍ j]a;fO6df k|sflzt ug{] .

!!=!@ /0fgLlt !)=%=! cfjf; ;DaGwL r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|j4{g ug{] ;DaGwdf M

!!=!@=!= hUufsf] d"No, 3/sf] lgd{f0f nfut / 3/ ef8fnfO{ Go"gtd :t/df /fVg] u/L cfjf; lgd{f0fdf
k|f]T;flxt ug{] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{] .

!!=!@=@= /fh:j c;'nL, e"ld gfkL, hUuf x:tfGt/0f / hUuf bt{f k|0ffnLnfO{ cfw'lgs / ;/n agfpg] .

!!=!@=#= :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjdf, ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u :t/df lgd{f0f ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug{] PsfO{
:yfkgf u/L dlxnfnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf ug{] .

!!=!@=$= s]Gb|Lo :t/df cfjf; gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno
cGtu{t ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun] tyf :yfgLo :t/df ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] cu|0fL
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .

!!=!# /0fgLlt !)=%=@ cfjf; ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt gLlt lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog, tflnd, cg';Gwfg, d"Nof+sg cflb sfo{x?
;+:yfut cfwf/df Jojl:yt ug{ k|jGw ug]{ ;DaGwdf M
!!=!#=!= cfjf;Lo hUufsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ ;DalGwt dGqfnon]cfw'lgs e"ld ;"rgf s]G›sf] ljsf;
ug{] .

!!=!#=@= cfjf;sf] cj:yf cg'udg ug{ / gLltsf] d"NofÍg ug{ lgoldt ¿kdf cWoog / k|ltj]bgx¿ tof/
ug{] .

!!=!#=#= hUuf tyf cfjf; ljsf; sfo{df :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u
pknAw u/fO{ ltgLx?sf] e"ldsf ;'b[9 ug]{ .
 !!=!#=$= e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf] cfwf/df hg:jf:Yosf] ;'/Iff, kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng, HfUufsf] d"Nodf k/]sf] rfk
Pj+ hg3GfTjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L a;f]af; of]Uo hUufx?sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ tyf hUuf ;"rgf k|0ffnL -
Land Information System_ nfO{ cBfjlws /fVg] .

!!=!$ /0fgLlt !)=^=!= j[xt\ kl/of]hgfx?af6 lj:yflkt kl/jf/x?nfO{ cGoq pko'Qm :yfgdf k'gjf{; u/fpg] ;+u ;DalGwt
M
!!=!$=!= j[xt\ kl/of]hgfx?af6 lj:yflkt x'g k'u]sf kl/jf/x?nfO{ sDtLdf klg kl/of]hgf ;~rfng x'g'eGbf
cufl8 pkef]u ub}{ cfPsf] ;/;'ljwfsf] :t/ sfod x'g] u/L k'g:yf{kgf u/fpg] .

!!=!$=@= Go"Gf cfo ePsf tyf ljz]if u/L ;x/L If]qdf P]NffgL, klt{, gbLsf] lsgf/ tyf cGo ljleGg 7fp+df
clts|d0f u/L a;f]af; ug]{ u/La kl/jf/, Pp6f sf]7f axfndf lnO{ a:g] Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, cfjf;ljxLg tyf
cGo kLl8t ju{sf kl/jf/x?sf] nflu sd nfutsf cfjf; 3/x?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;–;fgf 38]/L Kn6x? pknAw
u/fpg], cfjf;Lo :ynx?df cTofjZos cfwf/e"t ef}lts ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ u/fpg] .

!!=!% /0fgLlt !)=^=@= k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf åGåsf sf/0f lj:yflkt JolQmx?n] tTsfn /fxt :j?k k|of]u ug{ lgld{t 5fk|f],
lzlj/ jf k'g:yf{kgf ug'{ cl3 s]xL ;dosf] nflu k|of]u ug{ lgld{t ;+/rgf jf sRrL 3/ h:tf c:yfoL cfjf;sf] pknJwtf
;'lglZrt ug]{ ;DaGwdf M
!!=!%=!= lglZrt cjlw cufl8 g} cltqmldt hUufdf ljsl;t ePsf c:j:Yos/ a:tLx?nfO{ nfut c;"nLsf]
cfwf/df ;se/ ;fljss} :yfgdf ;f] ;Dej gePdf cGoq k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ u/L s]xL ;dosf] nflu ef]uflwsf/ lbO{
;f] ;dofjlw kZrft\ ;fd"lxs :jfldTjdf /xg] u/L :t/f]Gglt ug]{ jf Jojl:yt a;f]jf; u/fpg] .

!!=!%=@= Go"Gf cfo ePsf tyf ljz]if u/L ;x/L If]qdf P]NffgL, klt{, gbLsf] lsgf/ tyf cGo ljleGg 7fpFdf
clts|d0f u/L a;f]af; ug]{ u/La kl/jf/, Pp6f sf]7f axfndf lnO{ a:g] Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/, cfjf;ljxLg
tyf cGo kLl8t ju{sf kl/jf/x?sf] nflu sd nfutsf cfjf; 3/x?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;–;fgf 38]/L Kn6x?
pknAw u/fpg], cfjf;Lo :ynx?df cTofjZos cfwf/e"t ef}lts ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ u/fpg] .

!!=!^ /0fgLlt !)=&=! ;DalGwt ju{x?sf] nflu prLt cfjf;sf] k|fjwfg ug{] ;DaGwdf M

!!=!^=!= ;DalGwt ju{x?nfO{ pgLx¿sf] cfjf;;DaGwL sfg'gL clwsf/x¿af/] lzlIft ug{] .

!!=!^=@= cfˆgf] d"n af;:yfgdf a;f]af; ug{] ;d"xsf nflu cfwf/e"t k"j{fwf/ pknAw u/fpg] .