VACCINATION AND PREVENTION LEC 6:11 | HIC BLOCK

Prevention and vaccination

 TB

1) By BCG one dose 0.1 ml intradermal on outer surface of upper arm

 Given directly for below 16 yrs old

 For older than 16 , tuberculin test first

 Also given for infants below 3rd month and high risk group as houshold and
medical students

2) Chemoprophylaxis by Iso nicotinic acid INH given with proper doses

for 1 year

 Measles , mump and Rubella

1) Live attenuated vaccine MMR 0.5 ml SC given at 1 year (12month)

and at 18 months

2) Seroprevention and attenuation for measles

3) Human IG for rubella

4) Hyperimmunoglobulin for mumps

 Influenza

1) Flu shot vaccine activated injectable vaccine given to

 Children at age od 6 to 23 months

 All adult aged 50 or older

 Pregrant women

2) Flu mist live attenuated nasal spray given for all EXCEPT pregrant
women

 Avian

1) Only for now is chemoprophylaxis by oseltamivir ohophate 75mg

each day for at least 7 days

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VACCINATION AND PREVENTION LEC 6:11 | HIC BLOCK

 Swine

1) Also chemoprophylaxis with ostelamivir or zanamivir and may be

combined with amantadine or rimantadine

 Meningitis

1) Active immunization by
 MenACWY purified capsular polyssachride given as single dose of 0.5 ml SC

 Also remember the new meningococcal vaccine is better and more effective

 MenB protect against fifth type (type B)

2) Passive immunization : chemoprphylaxis by sulphadiazine and

rifampune for contacts and high risk group

 Tyohoid vaccines

1) TAB vaccine heat killed 2 doses 0.5 ml SC then 1ml SC 4 week apart
then 1ml every 4 years

2) Vi PS vaccine : single dose IM protective for 2 years

3) Ty21a : live attenuted vaccine ( 4 capsules given every other day

over one week )

 HIV

1) HAART

2) PEP

 HBV

1) Inactivated plasma derived vaccine

2) Recombinant DNA vaccine give for infants at 0,2,4,6 months also

given for high risk group as medical , paramedical personnel

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VACCINATION AND PREVENTION LEC 6:11 | HIC BLOCK

 Rabies

1) Active immunization by HDCV

 For pre-exposure : 3 doses at 0,7,21 days for high risk group

 Post-exposure :

 In unvaccinated 5 doses IM in deltoid for adult and anterior thigh for children
with schedule of 0,3,7,14,28 days of expoure

 In pre-vaccinated 1st and 2nd doses only are given

2) Seroprophylaxis by human rabies IG

 Dose 20UI/kg

 Fist ½ of dose is given around the wound

 Second ½ does is give anterior of thigh muscle

 Tetanus

1) Active immunization by D.P.T

 For infants 3 doses 0.5 ml deep SC at 2,4,6 months and booster dose at 18
month and also given at 6yrs old

 For pregnant women either

(i) At 7th and 8th month

(ii) 2 doses with 1 month apart at end of 1st trimester

 Leprosy

1) By BCG

2) Chemoprophylaxis by sulphone