CLAUSES

Clauses are known to be the grammatical units that function lower than the verb in
sentences but higher than the phrase. The clause has the subject and an infinite verb. Some
clauses can give meanings on their own and these are identified as the independent clauses or the
main clauses.
Example:
My dog slept when the thieves came : 'my dog slept’ is a complete sentence on its own and has a
meaning, ‘when the thieves came’ – is the subordinate clause in this sentence.

Subordinate Clauses are some of the time identified by subordinating conjunctions.

Examples:
‘if, ‘unless’, ‘that’, ‘because’, ‘while’, ‘whereas’, ‘when etc’ There are many types of the clause.
1 NOUN CLAUSE
Noun clauses are also referred to as subordinate clauses that function as the noun. They are
usually introduced by verbs like, understand, teach, say, know etc.
Examples:
i. I know where Titi stays
ii. I understand what he needs
2 ADJECTIVAL CLAUSE
This type of clause is introduced by the relative pronoun.
Examples:
Who, that, where, which, whose etc
In sentences like these:
i. He was talking with the girl who took her purse
ii. This is the house that was burnt

3 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
It is a subordinate clause which operates like an adverb.
A. Adverbial Clause of Time:
Answers ‘when’

Examples:
i. The Bishop preaches whenever he comes to our church
 ii. As at the time she was there, Bisi was sleeping
iii. When I drove the car, the tire was already punctured

B. Adverbial Clause of Place: Answers ‘where’

Example:
i. Kayode saw his ball, where Titi kept it
ii. The man sleeps where his wife lives

C. Adverbial Clause of Reason

Answers ‘how’
Examples:
i. I slapped him because he ate my food
ii. Ronke drove because she has a licence

D. Adverbial Clause of Concession

use, ‘although’, ‘though’, ‘even though’ to show a difference between the main clause and the
subordinate clause
Example:
i. Although he is my brother, he couldn’t defend me
ii. Even though he ha a lot of cars, he walks to work

E. Adverbial Clauses of Manner

Answers ‘how’
Example:
i. She danced as if she would win
ii. David walks like his uncle

F. Adverbial Clause of Condition

This gives the condition for a necessary occurrence.
Example:
i. Until you leave the house, we are not closing the door
ii. Unless NEPA brings the light, we are not cooking the food
G. Adverbial Clause of Result
Answers ‘and what happened’
Example:
i. Her situation was so sad that he had to cry her eyes oil
ii. Dare danced so well that he was given an award

TENSE, MOOD ASPECT AND CONCORD

A tense, has the type of verb that initiates the concept of time .
Mood: it allows a relationship between what the verb does, an action, and the outcomes, attitude
like, necessity, possibility, obligation and certainty.
Aspect: takes care of the manner in which the action of the verb is noticed concerning how
progression or completion occurs.

These three inter weave

Present and past tenses are together with Aspect, the future tense is in agreement with Mood, and
that is, Concord.

CONCORD
This is basically the agreement or relationship between the subject and the verb in terms of
number equality.
The meaning of this is that when the subject is singular, the verb also must be singular. This is
when the sentence is grammatically correct – if the subject is plural, the verb must also be in the
plural form
Examples:
Mr. Bamboo eats there
The Bamboos eat there
His house is for sale
His houses are for sale