Republic of the Philippines

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL

Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.

Assignment
#1

Name: Alyssa Ann Y. Catli

11 STEM-A

Submitted to: Princess Ira T. Santillan

DRRR Instructor
 Physical Disaster: Landslide

A landslide is a sudden movement of soil, rocks, or other debris down a slope. Landslides
can be triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or human activities such as mining or construction.
The impact of a landslide on people can be devastating, depending on the severity of the landslide
and the population density of the affected area.
Here are some of the impacts of a landslide on people:
Loss of life and injuries: Landslides can cause loss of life and injuries to people living or working
in the affected area. The debris can bury people and homes, and rocks and boulders can cause
severe injuries.
Damage to property and infrastructure: Landslides can damage homes, buildings, roads, and other
infrastructure. The damage can be severe and costly to repair.
Displacement: Landslides can cause people to be displaced from their homes and communities.
This can lead to a loss of livelihood and income, as well as emotional trauma.
Environmental impacts: Landslides can cause significant environmental damage, including soil
erosion, deforestation, and habitat destruction. This can have long-term effects on the ecosystem
and biodiversity.
Economic impacts: Landslides can have a significant economic impact on communities,
particularly in developing countries. The damage to infrastructure, homes, and businesses can lead
to a loss of income and livelihoods.
Overall, landslides are a serious natural disaster that can have a significant impact on
people's lives, homes, and communities. It is important to take steps to reduce the risk of landslides,
including proper land-use planning, soil stabilization measures, and early warning systems.
The Philippines is a country that is particularly vulnerable to landslides due to its
geography, topography, and climate. The country is located in a region with a high level of seismic
activity, and the mountainous terrain and heavy rainfall during the rainy season increase the risk
of landslides.
In recent years, the Philippines has experienced several devastating landslides that have
caused significant damage and loss of life. One of the most significant was the 2018 Itogon
landslide, which occurred in the province of Benguet and resulted in the death of over 100 people.
The landslide was triggered by heavy rainfall, and it buried several small-scale mining
communities.
Other notable landslides in the Philippines include the 2017 Naga landslide in Cebu, which
killed over 60 people, and the 2011 Guinsaugon landslide in Southern Leyte, which resulted in the
loss of around 1,000 lives.
The impacts of landslides on the Philippines are not limited to loss of life. Landslides can
also cause significant damage to infrastructure, homes, and farmland, which can have long-lasting
economic and social consequences. The Philippine government has implemented various measures
to mitigate the risk of landslides, including better land use planning, early warning systems, and
reforestation efforts to prevent soil erosion.
 Social Disaster: Force Displacement

Forced displacement is the involuntary movement of people from their homes or

communities, often due to conflict, persecution, or human-made or natural disasters. Forced
displacement can take many forms, including internal displacement within a country, cross-border
displacement, and refugee movements.
Forced displacement can have significant negative impacts on individuals and
communities, including loss of home, property, and community networks, as well as physical and
emotional trauma, and the loss of access to essential services such as healthcare and education. In
addition, forced displacement can exacerbate poverty and inequality, leading to a range of social
problems, including food insecurity, homelessness, and exploitation.
Forced displacement is a significant issue in the Philippines, affecting millions of people
in recent years. The causes of displacement in the Philippines are complex and can be attributed
to a range of factors, including armed conflict, natural disasters, and development projects.
One of the most significant drivers of forced displacement in the Philippines is armed
conflict and violence, particularly in the southern regions of the country. The conflict between the
government and various rebel groups has led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of
people. In addition, natural disasters such as typhoons and floods have also led to significant
displacement, particularly in areas prone to flooding and landslides.
In recent years, development projects, such as large-scale mining and infrastructure
projects, have also led to displacement of indigenous peoples and other local communities. The
displacement of these communities often leads to the loss of traditional lands, cultures, and
livelihoods.
The Philippine government and humanitarian organizations are working to provide
assistance to those affected by forced displacement. The government has established policies and
programs to support internally displaced persons (IDPs) and to address the root causes of
displacement. Humanitarian organizations are also providing aid and services to IDPs, including
shelter, health care, and livelihood support.
Despite these efforts, forced displacement remains a significant challenge in the
Philippines, and there is a need for continued support and investment to address the root causes of
displacement and to support affected communities.
Preventing and responding to forced displacement requires a range of measures, including
the protection of human rights, the provision of humanitarian aid and services, and the promotion
of sustainable and peaceful solutions to conflict and disaster. Governments, international
organizations, and civil society groups can work together to provide essential services and support
to displaced populations, including shelter, healthcare, education, and opportunities for livelihoods
and economic security.
In addition, efforts to address the root causes of forced displacement, including poverty,
inequality, conflict, and environmental degradation, can help to prevent displacement from
occurring in the first place. Promoting human rights and social inclusion, promoting conflict
resolution, and supporting disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation measures can all
contribute to reducing the risk of forced displacement and promoting the well-being of affected
populations.
 Economic Disaster: The rapid increase of Inflation

Inflation rate refers to the rate at which the general price level of goods and services in an
economy increases over a period of time, typically a year. It is usually measured using an inflation
index such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which measures changes in the prices of a basket
of consumer goods and services, including food, housing, transportation, and medical care.
Inflation rate is an important economic indicator that helps policymakers and businesses to
make informed decisions about monetary policy and investment. It is typically expressed as a
percentage increase in the price level over a period of time. For example, an inflation rate of 2%
means that the average price level of goods and services has increased by 2% over the past year.
The Philippines has experienced moderate inflation in recent years, with the inflation rate
reaching a peak of 6.7% in September 2018. Since then, the inflation rate has gradually declined
and has remained relatively stable.
In 2021, the average inflation rate in the Philippines was around 4.4%, slightly above the
government's target range of 2% to 4%. The main drivers of inflation in the Philippines are food
and non-alcoholic beverages, housing and utilities, and transportation, which account for a
significant portion of the CPI basket. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had an impact on inflation,
with supply chain disruptions and higher transportation costs leading to higher prices for goods
and services.
In December, products became more expensive in the market all over the country and
caused a lot of issues since the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 8.7%. The Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA) also considered that CPI as the highest CPI that has been recorded in the country.
The Philippine government has implemented various measures to control inflation,
including increasing the domestic food supply and importing food products, promoting agricultural
productivity, and reducing import tariffs on selected goods. The country's central bank, the Bangko
Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), has also implemented monetary policies, such as adjusting interest rates
and reserve requirements, to manage inflation and maintain price stability.
Overall, while inflation in the Philippines has remained moderate in recent years, it remains
an important economic indicator for policymakers and businesses to monitor closely. Maintaining
price stability is crucial for sustaining economic growth and promoting social welfare in the
country.
Inflation can have both positive and negative effects on an economy. A moderate level of
inflation can stimulate economic growth by encouraging spending and investment, while a high
level of inflation can lead to a decrease in purchasing power and decrease in economic growth.
Conversely, low inflation can lead to economic stagnation or even deflation, where the overall
price level of goods and services decreases, which can result in a decline in economic output and
lead to a recession.
Ozone depletion is a phenomenon where the ozone layer, which is a layer of ozone gas in
the Earth's stratosphere, becomes thinner and weaker, leading to a reduction in its ability to absorb
harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This is primarily caused by the release of ozone-
depleting substances (ODS), such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), into the atmosphere.
 Environmental disaster: Ozone Depletion

An environmental disaster is a catastrophic event that causes significant harm to the

environment, often leading to long-lasting and widespread negative impacts on human health,
ecosystems, biodiversity and are caused by anthropogenic activities. With that being said, we can
consider the Ozone Depletion is an example of environmental disaster.
Ozone depleting substances (ODS) are human-made chemicals that are commonly used in
refrigeration, air conditioning, foam insulation, and aerosol sprays. When these chemicals are
released into the atmosphere, they rise up to the stratosphere, where they react with ozone and
break it down into oxygen. This results in the thinning of the ozone layer, which can have
significant impacts on the environment and human health.
The most significant impact of ozone depletion is an increase in UV radiation, which can
cause skin cancer, cataracts, and other health problems in humans. It can also lead to reduced crop
yields and other ecological impacts, such as changes in the growth and distribution of plant and
animal species.
Like many other countries, the Philippines has been affected by ozone depletion due to the
release of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) into the atmosphere. While the country is not a major
producer of ODS, it is a signatory to the Montreal Protocol and has taken measures to phase out
the use of ODS.
In the past, the Philippines has been identified as a hotspot for ozone depletion due to the
prevalence of ODS use in the country. The use of ODS was common in refrigeration and air
conditioning systems, as well as in foam insulation and aerosol sprays. However, in recent years,
the country has made significant progress in phasing out ODS and transitioning to alternative
technologies and products.
The government of the Philippines has also established laws and regulations to support the
implementation of the Montreal Protocol. For example, the country has enacted the Philippine
Clean Air Act of 1999, which sets limits on the production and importation of ODS. Additionally,
the government has established the Philippine Ozone Desk, which serves as a national focal point
for implementing the Montreal Protocol and promoting ozone-friendly technologies.
Another way that the Philippines is addressing ozone depletion is through public education
and awareness campaigns. The government has conducted various information dissemination
programs to raise awareness of the issue and promote the use of ozone-friendly alternatives. These
campaigns have included the distribution of educational materials and the organization of seminars
and workshops.
Overall, the Philippines has taken a comprehensive approach to address ozone depletion,
including enacting laws and regulations, promoting international agreements, and raising public
awareness. These efforts have helped the country to reduce the use of ODS and protect the ozone
layer.
The country's efforts have been successful in reducing the use of ODS and limiting the
impact of ozone depletion. However, continued efforts are necessary to ensure that the phase-out
of ODS is sustained, and that the country continues to transition to sustainable alternatives. The
Philippines, like other countries, recognizes the importance of protecting the ozone layer and
mitigating the negative effects of ozone depletion on the environment and human health.