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Assessment 2 – Applying Research skills
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Student Name
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Capella University

FPX4000
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Prof.
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April 2023
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Applying Research Skills

Healthcare systems worldwide encounter many challenges which occur due to various

hindrances that need to be addressed so that poor health consequences are avoided. One such

barrier to healthcare is limited accessibility. This topic is of my interest because it is one of

the major goals that every individual should have adequate access to healthcare and

healthcare providers should work with governmental bodies and policymakers to achieve

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positive outcomes of this goal. During my professional journey when I visited low-economic

communities, I observed that most of the areas even did not have primary care facilities. Few

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doctors and nurses were available and were not qualified enough to provide quality

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healthcare. This disparity and unavailability of healthcare facilities in rural areas make people

vulnerable to poor health consequences.

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Applying Peer-Reviewed Articles to Limited Healthcare Access
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Health is important to have a socially and economically comprehensive life and to

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achieve this status in life, healthcare access is essential. It is imperative to obtain access to

quality healthcare facilities to maintain good health, combat diseases, and live a productive
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life. The World Health Organization declared healthcare as a basic human right and thus it is
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an important responsibility to provide every citizen of a country their basic health rights
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(Zegeye et al., 2021). The reasons for inadequate healthcare access are geographical
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locations, unavailability of healthcare providers, commuting issues, and lack of awareness.

These factors result in poor health outcomes, increased morbidity and mortality rates and
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eventually lead to a financial crisis (Dawkins et al., 2021). Globally, around 400 million

people have inadequate access to healthcare out of which approximately 8 million face

mortality due to not receiving treatment for diseases. This has given the economy a burden of

around $6 trillion especially in developing countries (Zegeye et al., 2021).

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The reason to include these peer-reviewed articles is their explicit explanation of the

topic. Additionally, the author identified the factors which lead to limited healthcare access so

that effective strategies can be developed to provide quality healthcare to every individual.

These articles are recently published so they are up-to-date in their information.

The articles presented above and in the annotated bibliography are extracted from

various databases; Capella University's Library, BioMed Central, PubMed Central, Google

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Scholar, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect. Research of relevant resources becomes easier if

appropriate keywords are utilized. For this analysis, the keywords used are: "limited access to

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healthcare", "lack of availability of health facilities", "healthcare access in low and

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middle-income countries", "healthcare made available", and "the importance of healthcare

accessibility".
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Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Resources
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The standard test used to determine the credibility and relevance of the articles is the
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CRAAP test. CRAAP test is developed for the same reason so that authentic and credible

resources are used to describe and mitigate any healthcare issue (Lewis, 2018). CRAAP is an
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acronym for – C (currency), R (relevance), A (authority), A (accuracy), and P (purpose). The

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sources used for annotated bibliography are evaluated based on these 5 criteria in which
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relevance has been given priority by finding topic-related articles using the keywords
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mentioned above. Moreover, the filters were kept on databases for articles that are only 5

years old to maintain credibility by identifying current publications. Authors and publication
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journals were authorized and the information was suitably justified by authentic sources.

Lastly, the articles chosen were evaluated for their purpose which was around the topic; of

limited healthcare access.

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The reasons to include these evidence-based and credible resources in the annotated

bibliography are to specifically describe the healthcare issue, identify hindrances of the issue

and consequently help readers to develop effective strategies so that positive health outcomes

are achieved.

Annotated Bibliography

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Brusnahan, A., Carrasco-Tenezaca, M., Bates, B. R., Roche, R., & Grijalva, M. J. (2022).

Identifying health care access barriers in southern rural Ecuador. International Journal

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for Equity in Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01660-1

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This purpose of the article is to provide a framework which is called the Health Care

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Assess Barrier (HCAB) Model for the people of Ecuador so that the hindrances can be
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identified which are leading to limited healthcare access and effective solutions can be
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developed. It is explained that the HCAB model works on three broad categories of barriers;
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financial, structural, and cognitive, which are further subdivided into more themes. This

research concluded with various barriers for the people of Ecuador and intervention like the
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establishment of mobile clinics/primary care was suggested. However, further research was
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also recommended.
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This article is credible because it complies with CRAAP criteria – currency (the year
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2022), relevance (the research topic is based on finding barriers to healthcare access which is

relevant to the subject of this analysis), authority (authors are healthcare professionals, and
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the publication journal is one of a peer-reviewed authentic journal), accuracy (all the opinions

are backed with relevant sources and research findings are explicitly explained), purpose (the

purpose of the article is to make readers aware about the framework which can be utilized

worldwide for better identification of barriers).

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Coombs, N. C., Campbell, D. G., & Caringi, J. (2022). A qualitative study of rural healthcare

providers’ views of social, cultural, and programmatic barriers to healthcare

access. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07829-2

The article referenced above is a study that involved 12 healthcare providers from a

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rural area in the U.S. who were asked to provide their views on the barriers to healthcare

access in the area. It was concluded that lack of healthcare access is a very common issue in

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the states, especially in underdeveloped areas. The reasons which were identified in this

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article are limited healthcare providers, cultural differences, unavailability of resources, and

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disintegrated communication. It was recommended that every aspect should be monitored
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carefully so that the health outcomes of the rural population can be improved.
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The article is relevant and included in the bibliography because it is published in

2022. Furthermore, the authors and research participants are healthcare professionals so the
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information provided is from first-hand experiences and is accurately established in the

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article. The article is relevant as the limited access to healthcare is profoundly found in rural
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populations thus awareness of the barriers is essential to address the issue immediately.
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George, M. S., Davey, R., Mohanty, I., & Upton, P. (2020). “Everything is provided free, but
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they are still hesitant to access healthcare services”: Why does the indigenous

community in Attapadi, Kerala continue to experience poor access to

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healthcare? International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01216-1

This article is purposed to identify the reasons why the people of Kerala are still

experiencing poor health outcomes despite the best possible healthcare facilities provided.

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The authors did a deep study and conclude that to improve healthcare access in these

communities it is essential to develop health interventions according to their cultures,

relevant to their lifestyles, and should involve the active participation of community

members.

This article is relevant because various communities throughout the world face similar

issues where people have limited access to healthcare because of their cultural and societal

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preferences. Thus, this article gives insight to healthcare providers to develop culturally

sensitive plans. The credibility of the article can be evaluated by its current publication date,

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the authenticity of the journal it is published in, relevance with the current healthcare trends,

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and an insightful purpose.

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Learnings from this Assessment
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Some of the learnings from this assessment are
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1. Every healthcare issue needs evidence-based research to properly examine the topic and
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find relevant interventions to address the issue effectively.

2. It is essential to identify the credibility of resources using standard test so that all the
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information used to develop quality plans are credible, reliable, and relevant to the topic
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being addressed.
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3. Studying various articles related to limited healthcare access improved my existing

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knowledge on the topic, and helped me better understand the importance of healthcare

access and why is it necessary to identify barriers to healthcare access. Consequently will
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assist me in incorporating the learned information in the communities where I practice.

Overall, developing the annotated bibliography assisted in the building of

evidence-based interventions to improve healthcare delivery and access so that positive

health outcomes are achieved.

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References

Brusnahan, A., Carrasco-Tenezaca, M., Bates, B. R., Roche, R., & Grijalva, M. J. (2022).

Identifying health care access barriers in southern rural Ecuador. International Journal

for Equity in Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01660-1

Coombs, N. C., Campbell, D. G., & Caringi, J. (2022). A qualitative study of rural healthcare

providers’ views of social, cultural, and programmatic barriers to healthcare

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access. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07829-2

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Dawkins, B., Renwick, C., Ensor, T., Shinkins, B., Jayne, D., & Meads, D. (2021). What

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factors affect patients’ ability to access healthcare? An overview of systematic

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reviews. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 26(10), 1177–1188.
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https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13651
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George, M. S., Davey, R., Mohanty, I., & Upton, P. (2020). “Everything is provided free, but
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they are still hesitant to access healthcare services”: Why does the indigenous

community in Attapadi, Kerala continue to experience poor access to

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healthcare? International Journal for Equity in Health, 19(1).

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01216-1
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Lewis, A. B. (2018). What does bad information look like? using the CRAAP test for
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evaluating substandard resources. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship,

(88). https://doi.org/10.29173/istl1724
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Zegeye, B., El-Khatib, Z., Ameyaw, E. K., Seidu, A.-A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Keetile, M., &

Yaya, S. (2021). Breaking barriers to healthcare access: A multilevel analysis of

individual- and community-level factors affecting women’s access to healthcare

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services in Benin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public

Health, 18(2), 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020750

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