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Pharmacology Outline
Pharmacology Outline
1. Direct-Acting
a) Non-Selective (1) Epinephrine (Catecholamine)
(2)Norepinephrine(Catecholamine)
(3) Dopamine (Catecholamine)
b) Selective Alpha-1 (POMP TN) (1) Phenylephrine
(2) Oxymetazoline
(3) Methoxamine
(4) Propylhexedrine
(5) Tetrahydrozoline
(6) Naphazoline
c) Selective Alpha-2
(1) Anti-HTN (a) Clonidine
(b) Methyldopa
(c) Guanfacine
(d) Guanabenz
(2) Anti-Glaucoma (a) Apraclonidine
(b) Brimonidine
(3)IV sedative/Anesthetic (a) Dexmedetomidine
d) Selective Beta Agonists (1) Isoproterenol
e) Selective Beta-1 Agonists (1) Dobutamine
f) Selective Beta-2 Agonists
(1) SABAs (TAMP) (a) Salbutamol/Albuterol
(b) Terbutaline
(c) Metaproterenol
(d) Pirbuterol
(2) LABAs (SI FB) (a) Salmeterol
(b) Formoterol
(c) Bambuterol
(3) ULABAs (IVO) (a) Indacaterol
(b) Olodaterol
(c) Vilanterol
(4) Tocolytics (a) Ritodrine
(b) Isoxsuprine
g) Selective Dopamine 1 Agonist (1) Fenoldopam
2. Indirect-Acting Agonists
a) Releasers (1) Tyramine
(2) Ephedrine
(3) Amphetamine
(4) Methamphetamine
(5) Phenmetrazine
(6) Methylphenidate
(7) Modafinil
(8) Phentermine
(9) Angiotensin II
b) Reuptake Inhibitors (CATS) (1) Tricyclic Antidepressants
(2) Cocaine
(3) Atomoxetine
(4) Sibutramine
3. Mixed-Acting (PEMMP) a) Ephedrine
b) Mephentermine
c) Metaraminol
d) Phenylpropanolamine
e) Pseudoephedrine
B. Sympatholytics/Adrenergic Antagonist
1. Direct-Acting Sympatholytics
a) Alpha Blockers
(1) Reversible Alpha-1 Blockers (a) Anti-HTN
(i)Prazosin
(ii)Doxazosin
(iii) Terazosin
1. Non-Selective Parasympatholytics
a) Choline Reuptake Inhibitor (1) Hemicholinium
b) Vesicular Uptake Inhibitor (1) Vesamicol
c) Exocytosis Inhibitor (1) Botulinum
d) Cholinesterase Reactivators (1) Pralidoxime
(2) Diacetyl Monoxime
2. Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic
a) Atropine
b) CNS Anticholinergic (1) Scopolamine
(2) Trihexyphenidyl
(3) Benztropine
(4) Biperiden
c) Ophthalmic Anticholinergic (CHAT (1) Homatropine
(2) Anistropine
(3) Cyclopentolate
(4) Tropicamide
d) Respiratory Anticholinergic (1) Ipratropium
(2) Tiotropium
(3) Oxitropium
e) Gastric Anticholinergic (PDPT) (M1 (1) Pirenzepine
Selective) (2) Telenzepine
(3) Propantheline
(4) Dicyclomine
f) GIT and Urinary Anticholinergic (1) Methscopolamine
(2) Glycopyrrolate
(3) Hyoscine
(4) Dicycloverine
(5) Oxybutynin
(6) Scopolamin
3. Antinicotinic
a) Ganglionic Blockers (HTM) (1) Hexamethonium
(2) Trimethaphan
(3) Mecamylamine
b) Neuromuscular Blockers
(1) Depolarizing NMBs (Also Has (a) Succinylcholine/Suxamethonium
M-Receptor Agonistic Activity)
(2) Non-depolarizing NMBs (a) Isoquinoline Derivatives
(Curare Derivatives) (i)Tubocurarine
(ii)Atracurium
(iii)Cisatracurium
(b) Steroidal Derivatives
(i)Rocuronium
(i)Vecuronium
(ii)Pancuronium
II. Autacoids
A. Histamine
1. Agonists a) Histamine (Exogenous)
b) Betahistine
c) Impromidine
2. Antagonists
a) Functional (1) Epinephrine
b) Pharmacologic/Antihistamines
(1) H1 Antihistamines
(a) First Generation
(i)Ethanolamines (a) Diphenhydramine
(3D OC) (b) Dimenhydrinate
(c) Doxylamine
(d) Carbinoxamine
(e) Orphenadrine
(ii)Ethylenediamines (a) Pyrilamine/Mepyramine
(b) Tripelennamine
(iii)Piperazines (a) Meclizine
(b) Cyclizine
(c) Hydroxyzine
(iv) Alkylamines (a) Chlorpheniramine
(b) Brompheniramine
(v) Phenothiazines (a) Promethazine
(vi) Piperidines (a) Cyproheptadine
(b) Second Generation
(i) Piperazines (less (a) Cetirizine
sedating) (b) Levocetirizine
(ii) Piperidines (none (a) Loratadine
sedating) (b) Desloratadine
(c) Fexofenadine
(d) Astemizole (Withdrawn)
(iii) Pyridine (a) Acrivastine
(H2) Antihistamines (a) Cimetidine
(a) Acrivastine
(b) Famotidine
(c) Ranitidine
(d) Nizatidine
B. Serotonin
1. Agonists
a) Partial 5-HT1AAgonist (1) Buspirone
b) 5-HT1B/1D Agonist (1) Sumatriptan
(2) Naratriptan
(3) Zolmitriptan
c) Partial 5-HT4 Agonist (1) Cisapride
(2) Tegaserod
d) Full 5-HT4Agonist (1) Prucalopride
e) 5-HT-Releasing Agent (1) Fenfluramine
2. Antagonists
a) 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 Antagonist (1) Cyproheptadine
b) 5-HT3 Antagonist (1) Ondansetron
(2) Granisetron
(3) Palonosetron
(4) Alosetron
(5) Cilansetron
c) 5-HT2 Antagonist (With H1 Agonistic (1) Ketanserin
Property)
C. Eicosanoids
1. Prostaglandin Analogs
a) PGE1 Analog (1) Misoprostol
(2) Alprostadil
b) PGI2 Analog (1) Epoprostenol
c) PGE2 Analog (1) Dinoprostone
d) PGF2A Analog (1) Latanoprost
(2) Carboprost
D. Bradykinin
E. Ergot Alkaloids (these are not autacoids)
1. Alpha Agonist a) Methylergonovine
2. Alpha and 5-HT Agonist a) Ergotamine
3. 5-HT Agonist a) Methysergide
Other Alkaloids a) Bromocriptine
b) Cabergoline
c) Pergolide
d) Ergonovine
III. Drugs for Rheumatologic Disorders
A. Analgesics
1. Non-Narcotics
a) Acetaminophen
b) NSAIDs
(1) Non-Selective COX Inhibitors
(a) Salicylic Acid (i) Aspirin
Derivatives (ii) Diflunisal
(iii) Magnesium Choline Salicylate
(iv) Methyl Salicylate
(b) Pyrazolone (i) Phenylbutazone
Derivatives (ii) Dipyrone
(iii) Sulfinpyrazone (uricosuric, not NSAID)
(c) Indole Derivatives (i) Indomethacin
(d) Pyrrole Alkanoic Acid (i) Tolmetin
Derivatives
(e) True Phenyl Acetates (i) Sulindac
(SAD) (ii)Alclofenac
(iii)Diclofenac
(f) Acetic Acid (i)Ketorolac
Derivatives (KEN) (ii)Etodolac
(iii)Nabumetone
(g) Fenamates (i)Mefenamic Acid
(ii)Meclofenamic Acid
(iii)Flufenamic Acid
(h) Oxicam Derivatives (i)Piroxicam
(ii) Meloxicam
(i) Propionic Acid (i) Ibuprofen
Derivatives (ii)Naproxen
(iii)Ketoprofen
(iv) Flurbiprofen
(2) Specific COX2 Inhibitors (a) Celecoxib
(b) Etoricoxib
(c) Parecoxib
(d) Valdecoxib
(e) Rofecoxib
4. Narcotics
a) Opioid Agonists
(1) Opiates (a) Morphine
(b) Codeine
(c) Thebaine
(2) Semisynthetic Opioids (a) Heroin
(b) Apomorphine
(c) Semisynthetic Morphine Derivatives
(i) Hydromorphone
(ii) Oxymorphone
(d) Semisynthetic Codeine Derivatives
(i) Hydrocodone
(ii) Oxycodone
(3) Synthetic Opioids (a) Methadone
(b) Meperidine (Pethidine)
(c) Levorphanol
(d) Dextromethorphan
(e) Loperamide
(f) Diphenoxylate
(g) Tramadol
(h) Fentanyl
(i) Alfentanyl
(j) Sulfentanyl
(k) Pentazocine
(l) Buprenorphine
(m) Nalbuphine
(n) Butorphanol
(o) Propoxyphene aka Despropoxyphene
b) Opioid Antagonists (1) Naloxone
(2) Naltrexone
(3) Nalorphine
(4) Nalmefene
(5) Levallorphan
B. DMARDS
B. Sympathoplegics
1. Peripherally-Acting
a) Adrenergic Neuron Blockers (1) Reserpine
(2) Guanethidine
b) Ganglionic Blockers
c) Beta-Blockers (1) Propranolol
(2) Nebivolol
(3) Atenolol
(4) Metoprolol
d) Alpha-Blockers (1) Prazosin
(2) Phentolamine
2.Centrally-Acting a) Clonidine
b) Methyldopa
c) Guanfacine
d) Guanabenz
C. Vasodilators
1. Arteriolar Vasodilators a) Hydralazine
b) Minoxidil
c) Diazoxide
d) Fenoldopam
2. Mixed Arterial and Venous Dilators a) Sodium Nitroprusside
b) Nitrovasodilators
D. Angiotensin Modifiers
1. ACE Inhibitors a) Captopril
b) Fosinopril
c) Lisinopril
d) Enalapril
2. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers a) Losartan
b) Irbesartan
c) Candesartan
3. Renin Inhibitors a) Aliskiren
A. Nitrovasodilators 1. Nitroglycerin
2. Isosorbide Dinitrate
3. Isosorbide Mononitrate
4. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate
B. Beta-Blockers
C. Calcium Channel Blockers
D. Miscellaneous Drugs 1. Morphine
2. Trimetazidine
3. Ranolazine
B. Non-Inotropics
1. Vasodilators (NASH) a) ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
b) Sacubitril + Valsartan
c) Hydralazine + Isosorbide Dinitrate
d) Nesiritide
2. Diuretics a) Loop Diuretics
b) Thiazide Diuretics
c) K+ Sparing Diuretics
3. Sympatholytics
a) Beta-Blockers (MBCN) (1) Metoprolol
(2) Carvedilol
(3) Bisoprolol
(4) Nebivolol
VII. Drugs for Dysrhythmias
B. Prothrombotics
1. Vitamin K a) Phytonadione
b) Menaquinone
2. Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid a) Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA)
b) Tranexamic Acid
c) Aprotinin
3. Plasma Fractions a) Cryoprecipitate (VIII)
b) Cryosupernatant (IX)
X. Drugs for Dyslipidemia
A. Statins 1. Simvastatin
2. Fluvastatin
3. Atorvastatin
4. Rosuvastatin
5. Pitavastatin
6. Pravastatin
7. Lovastatin
B. Fibrates 1. Fenofibrate
2. Gemfibrozil
3. Clofibrate
C. Nicotinic Acid 1. Nicotinic Acid
2. Niacin
D. Bile Acid-BindingResins 1. Colestipol
2. Cholestyramine
3. Colesevelam
E. Niemann Pick C1-Like 1 Inhibitor (NPC1L1 1. Ezetimibe
Inhibitor)
F. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors 1. Anacetrapib
2. Dalcetrapib
H. Anesthetics
1. General Anesthetics
a) Inhaled Anesthetics (1) Nitrous Oxide
(2) Desflurane
(3) Sevoflurane
(4) Isoflurane
(5) Enflurane
(6) Halothane
(7) Methoxyflurane
b) Intravenous Anesthetics (KOBBE DPF) (1) Propofol
(2) Fospropofol
(3) Barbiturates
(1) Propofol
(2) Fospropofol
(3) Barbiturates
(4) Benzodiazepines
(a) Midazolam
(b) Lorazepam
(c) Diazepam
(5) Etomidate
(6) Ketamine
(7) Dexmedetomidine
(8) OpioidAnalgesics
2. Local Anesthetics
a) Ester
(1) Benzoic Acid (a) Cocaine
(b) Hexylaine
(c) Meprylcaine
(d) Isobucaine
(e) Piperocaine
(2) Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (a) Benzocaine
(b) Chloroprocaine
(c) Procaine
(d) Tetracaine
(e) Propoxygaine
b) Amide (1) Articaine
(2) Bupivacaine
(3) Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
(4) Prilocaine
(5) Ropivacaine
(6) Etidocaine
XIV. Drugs for Respiratory Disorders
A. Drugs for Colds 1. Nasal Decongestants (Alpha-1 Agonists)
2. Antihistamines
B. Drugs for Coughs
1. Antitussives
a) Centrally-Acting (1) Non-Narcotic
(a) Butamirate Citrate
(2) Opioids
(a) Codeine
(b) Noscapine
(c) Dextromethorphan
b) Peripherally-Acting (1) Levodropropizine
2. Mucoregulators a) Ambroxol
b) Bromhexine
c) Carbocisteine
3. Mucolytics a) N-Acetylcysteine
4. Expectorants a) Reflex Stimulant
(1) Guaifenesin
b) Direct Stimulant
(1) Iodinated Glycerol
(2) Potassium Iodide
C. Drugs for Bronchospastic Diseases
1. Bronchodilators
a) Beta-2 Agonists (TAMP)
(1) Short-Acting B2 Agonists (a) Albuterol
(b) Terbutaline
(c) Metaproterenol
(d) Pirbuterol
(2) Long-Acting B2 Agonists (a) Salmeterol
(b) Formoterol
(3) Ultra Long-Acting B2 (a) Indacaterol
Agonists (b) Olodaterol
(c) Vilanterol
b) Antimuscarinics
(1) Short-Acting (a) Ipratropium
Antimuscarinics
(2) Long-Acting (a) Tiotropium
Antimuscarinics (TAGU) (b) Aclidinium
(c) Umeclidinium
(d) Glycopyrrolate
c) Methylxanthines (1) Theophylline
(2) Aminophylline
2. Anti-Inflammatory
a) Leukotriene Modifiers
(1) Lipoxygenase Blockers (a) Zileuton
(2) LTD4 Receptor Blocker (a) Montelukast
(b) Zafirlukast
b) Mast Cell Stabilizers (1) Cromolyn Sodium
(2) Nedocromil Sodium
c) Steroids
(1) Inhaled Corticosteroids (a) Budesonide
(BBFT) (b) Fluticasone
(c) Triamcinolone
(d) Betamethasone
(2) Systemic Oral (a) Prednisone
Corticosteroids (PPM) (b) Prednisolone
(c) Methylprednisolone
(3) Systemic Parenteral (a) Hydrocortisone IV
Corticosteroids (b) Methylprednisolone
3. Anti-IgE and Anti-IL5 (BROM) a) Omalizumab
b) Mepolizumab
c) Reslizumab
d) Benralizumab
4. Mast Cell Stabilizers a) Cromolyn Sodium
b) Nedocromil Sodium
D. Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis
1. Antihistamines
2. Intranasal Corticosteroids a) Beclomethasone
b) Budesonide
c) Fluticasone
d) Ciclesonide
e) Mometasone
f) Triamcinolone
3. Short-Acting Alpha-AdrenergicAgonists
4. Mast Cell Stabilizers
XV. Drugs for GI Disorders
A. Drugs for Acid-Peptic Diseases
1. Antacids
a) Systemic Antacids (1) Sodium Bicarbonate
(2) Calcium Carbonate
b) Local Antacids (1) Aluminum Hydroxide
(2) Magnesium Hydroxide
2. H2 Blockers a) Cimetidine
b) Ranitidine
c) Nizatidine
d) Famotidine
3. Proton Pump Inhibitors a) Omeprazole
b) Esomeprazole
c) Lansoprazole
d) Dexlansoprazole
e) Pantoprazole
f) Rabeprazole
4. Mucosal Protective Agents a) Sucralfate
b) Misoprostol
c) Bismuth Subsalicylate
d) Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium
5. Antibiotics a) Clarithromycin
b) Amoxicillin
c) Metronidazole
d) Tetracycline
e) Nitroimidazole
B. Drugs for Diarrhea
1. Oral Rehydration Salts
2. Opioid Agonists a) Loperamide
b) Diphenoxylate
3. Kaopectate
4. Colloidal Bismuth Compounds
5. Bile Salt-Binding Resins a) Cholestyramine
b) Colestipol
c) Colesevelam
6. Octreotide
C. Drugs for Constipation
1. Bulk-Forming Laxatives
a) Natural (1) Psyllium
(2) Methylcellulose
b) Synthetic (1) Polycarbophil
2. Stool-Softener a) Docusate
b) Glycerin Suppository
c) Mineral Oil
3. Osmotic Laxatives a) Magnesium Oxide
b) Sorbitol
c) Lactulose
d) Magnesium Citrate
e) Sodium Phosphate
f) Polyethylene Glycol
4. Stimulant Laxatives
a) Anthraquinone Derivatives (1) Aloe
(2) Senna
(3) Cascara
(4) Castor Oil
b) Diphenylmethane Derivatives (1) Bisacodyl
c) Phenolphthalein
5. Type 2 Chloride Channel Activator a) Lubiprostone
6. Opioid Receptor Antagonist a) Methylnaltrexone Bromide
b) Alvimopan
7. Saline Laxatives a) Fleet Enema
b) Magnesium Citrate
c) Sodium Biphosphate
D. Drugs for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
1. Anticholinergic Drugs a) Dicyclomine
b) Hyoscyamine
2. 5-HT3Antagonist a) Alosetron
b) Cilansetron
3. 5-HT4 Agonists a) Cisapride
b) Tegaserod
c) Prucalopride
4. Cl ChannelActivator a) Lubiprostone
E. Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
1. Corticosteroids a) Hydrocortisone
b) Prednisone
c) Prednisolone
d) Methylprednisolone
e) Dexamethasone
2. Aminosalicylates a) Sulfasalazine
b) Mesalamine
c) Balsalazide
d) Olsalazine
3. Immunosuppressants a) Azathioprine
b) 6-Mercaptopurine
c) Methotrexate
d) Cyclosporine
e) Mycophenolate
4. Biologic Agents a) Infliximab
b) Adalimumab
c) Certolizumab
5. Antibiotics a) Metronidazole
b) Ciprofloxacin
c) Rifaximin
6. Antidiarrheals a) Codeine
b) Diphenoxylate + Atropine
c) Loperamide
d) Cholestyramine
7. Monoclonal Antibodies a) Natalizumab
8. H2 Receptor Antagonist a) Cimetidine
b) Ranitidine
c) Famotidine
d) Nizatidine
9. Proton Pump Inhibitor a) Omeprazole
b) Lansoprazole
c) Esomeprazole
d) Rabeprazole
e) Pantoprazole
10. Anticholinergics a) Dicyclomine
b) Hyoscyamine
F. Drugs for Vomiting (SNACCCH D)
1. Cholinomimetics a. Neostigmine
b. Bethanechol
2. D2 Receptor Antagonists a) Metoclopramide
b) Domperidone
3. H1 Blockers a) Diphenhydramine
b) Phenothiazines
c) Orphenadrine
4. Antimuscarinics a) Scopolamine
5. Corticosteroids a) Dexamethasone
6. Cannabinoid ReceptorAgonists a) Dronabinol
b) Nabilone
7. Serotonin 3 Receptor Antagonist a) Ondansetron
b) Granisetron
c) Dolasetron
d) Palonosetron
e) Alosetron
f) Cilansetron
8. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist a) Aprepitant
XVI. Cell-Cycle Targeting Drugs
A. Cytotoxic Agents
1. Direct DNA-Interacting Agents
a) Alkylating Agents (1) Mechlorethamine
(2) Cyclophosphamide
(a) Phosphoramide Mustard
(b) Acrolein
(3) Busulfan
(4) Carmustine and Lomustine
(5) Altretamine
(6) Procarbazine and Dacarbazine
(7) Temozolomide
(8) Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Oxalipatin
b) Topoisomerase Inhibitors
(1) Camptothecins (a) Topotecan
(b) Irinotecan
(2) Podophyllotoxin (a) Etoposide
Derivatives (b) Teniposide
(3) Antitumor Antibiotics (a) Anthracyclines
(i)Doxorubicin
(ii)Daunorubicin
(iii)Idarubicin
(iv)Epirubicin
(v)Mitoxantrone
(b) Mitomycin
(c) Bleomycin
(d) Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
c) Indirect DNA-Interacting
(1) Antimetabolites (a) Folic AcidAntagonists
(i)Methotrexate
(ii)Pemetrexed
(b)Pyrimidine Analogues
(i)5-Fluorouracil
(ii)Capecitabine
(c) Deoxycytidine Analogues
(i)Cytarabine
(ii)Gemcitabine
(d) Purine Antagonists
(i) 6-Mercaptopurine
(ii) 6-Thioguanine
(iii)Fludarabine
(iv) Cladribine
(2) Antimitotics (a) Taxanes
(i)Paclitaxel
(a) Abraxane
(ii)Docetaxel
(iii)Cabazitaxel
(b) Vinca Alkaloids
(i) Vincristine
(ii) Vinblastine
(iii) Vinorelbine
(c) Estramustine
B. Hormonal Agents
1. Estrogen-Based Drugs
a) GnRH Agonists (GGBL) (1) Gonadorelin
(2) Goserelin
(3) Buserelin
(4) Leuprolide
b) Estrogen Receptor (1) Fulvestrant
Downregulator
c) Selective Estrogen Receptor (1) Tamoxifen
Modulators (2) Raloxifene
(3) Clomiphene/Clomifene (Used for Infertility)
d) Aromatase Inhibitors (ALE) (1) Anastrozole
(2) Letrozole
(3) Exemestane
2. Testosterone-Based Drugs
a) Androgen Receptor Blockers (1) Flutamide
(BFN) (2) Bicalutamide
(3) Nilutamide
b) GnRH Antagonists (ACDG) (1) Abarelix
(2) Cetrorelix
(3) Degarelix
(4) Ganirelix
c) 5-a-Reductase Inhibitors (1) Finasteride
(2) Dutasteride
3. Progesterone Derivatives (Progestins) a) Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera)
b) Norethindrone
c) Ethynodiol Diacetate
d) Desogestrel
e) Dydrogesterone
f) Levonorgestrel
g) Megestrol
h) Norgestrel
i) Norgestimate
j) Progesterone
4. Corticosteroids a) Prednisone
b) Methylprednisolone
C. Targeted Therapy
1. Anti-EGFR Agents a) Cetuximab
b) Panitumumab
2. Anti-VEGF/VEGFR Agents a) Bevacizumab
b) Ziv-aflibercept
c) Regorafenib
d) Ramucirumab
3. Anti-ALK Tyrosine Kinase Agents a) Alectinib
4. BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Agents a) Imatinib
5. PD-1 Blocker a) Pembrolizumab
b) Nivolumab
6. Ipilimumab
7. EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors a) Erlotinib
b) Gefitinib
8. mTOR Inhibitors a) Everolimus
b) Temsirolimus
9. B-Raf Inhibitor a) Dabrafenib
10. Anti-CD20 a) Rituximab