TOPIC 1

FLUIDS PROPERTIES
AND UNITS

Prepared by:
D r. M a z l i n a b t A l a n g O t h m a n
LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Unit and Dimensions

• Density
• Specific Volume, Specific Gravity and Specific
Weight
• Dynamic and kinematic viscosity
Introduction to hydraulics
• Hydraulic is the science of water in motion (use of gravity as the motive
force), and the interactions between the flowing fluid and the
surrounding environment.

• Deal with the static, kinematics and dynamic aspects of fluid.

• The study of fluids at rest call fluid statics (hydrostatic)

• The study of fluids in motion (hydrodynamics) :

a.Pressure force are not considered – fluids kinematics
b.Pressure force are considered – fluids dynamics
WHY DO CIVIL ENGINEERS STUDY HYDRAULICS
Physical Properties of Fluid
Engineers characterize the weight and mass of a fluid with three properties: density, specific
weight, and specific gravity.
1. Density,ρ
• Mass per unit volume

2. Specific Weight, γ
• Weight per unit volume

3. Specific gravity, sg
• ratio of the density of the fluid to the density of water at some specified temperature
• Also known as relative density

4. Specific volume, Vs
• Volume of the fluid divided by the fluid mass
 Physical Properties of Fluid
5. Viscosity
• The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.
• It is defines as the internal friction of fluids
• due primarily to interaction between fluid molecules
• The viscosity of a fluid can either be given as dynamic viscosity or kinematic viscosity

1. Dynamic viscosity, μ
Fluids property that resists shear force while moving.

2. Kinematics viscosity, ν
Dynamic viscosity of the fluid divided by the density
DIMENSIONS AND UNITS
1. International System – SI unit.
2. British Gravitational (BG) System – English Unit
3. Dimensions
• A dimension is the measure by which a physical variable is expressed quantitatively
• A unit is a particular way of attaching a number to the quantities of dimension.
• All the properties of fluid are assigned with certain unit and dimension.
• Some basic dimensions such as mass (M sometimes m), length (L), time (T) and
temperature ( q sometimes T ) are selected as Primary/Fundamental dimensions/unit.
• While others such as velocity, volume is expressed in terms of primary dimensions and
is called as secondary/derived dimensions/unit.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE