KNOWING THE PROCESS OF MAKING HYDROLYSIS WITH AN ACID

CATALYST

Mochammad Zikri Warkhan, Alifatun Nada 2

1
jurusan S1 Teknik Kimia, institut Teknologi dan Sains Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan
email: Zikriwarhan78@gmail.com
2
jurusan S1 Teknik Kimia, institut Teknologi dan Sains Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan
email: alifatunada02@gmail.com

Abstrak

The acid hydrolysis process can be carried out by adding acids, such as acetic acid and
hydrochloric acid. In accordance with the goals listed so that students know the process of
hydrolysis using an acid catalyst. The raw material used is mashed dry pine needles. The
result, in addition to knowing how to hydrolyze using an acid catalyst, the researchers were
also able to find out the yield level of cellulose contained in dry pine leaves, which was 39%.

Kata kunci:

I. INTRODUCTION have the potential as bioherbicide materials

Pine is a plant that can used for
reforestation, because Pine has several
functions, including as a plant protection of
soil ecologically and as wood producer. In
addition, Pine also has the power competitive
with other plants surrounding so as to
compete (Marisa,1990). Pinus merkusii has
resin channels that may produce a secondary
metabolite are allelopathic (Taiz and Zeiger,
1991). Allelochemicals in the resin include
group of terpenoid compounds, namely the
monoterpenes of β pinene and β- pinene
(Harborne, 1987; Taiz and Zeiger, 1991).
These compounds are known to be toxic both
against insects and plants. In addition in
addition, the compound is the main
ingredient on the manufacture of turpentine.
Monoterpenes (C-10) it is a plant-based oil
most important are also toxic (Sastroutomo,
1990).
Some ecological studies in the area
pine tree growth shows no the growth of
herbaceous plants, allegedly due to Pine leaf
litter found on the ground secrete allelopathic
substances that inhibit herbal growth. It is
reinforced with research on the ability of
leaves pine that has not been degraded that
can
decreased radicle length growth mustard
sprouts (Marisa, 1990). It indicates that the
compound content in Pinus merkusii leaves
Jurnal Teknik
to control weed growth that can interfere
growth in food crop production between it's
not a priesthood. One of the weeds to disrupt
the growth of crops is E. colon and A. viridis.
Weed control is basically an attempt
to change the balance ecology aimed at
suppressing growth weed, but it does not
negatively affect cultivated plants. Thus
expected in the presence of tillage, planting
time, proper fertilization, planting distance
and variety, can suppress weed growth so
that
competition between plants with weeds is not
may occur. Usually the plant is very sensitive
to environmental factors at the age of one-
third up to half the life of the plant. Then at
the time that's the right time to do weed
control (Sukman and Yakup, 2002).
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that
breaks down water molecules (H2O) into
hydrogen cations (H+) and hydroxide anions
(OH−) through a chemical process. This
process is usually used to break down certain
polymers, especially those prepared by step-
growth polymerization
Simply put, the meaning of
hydrolysis is the process of cleavage of
chemical bonds with the addition of water.
1
An example is a process of saccharification
of sucrose. Saccharification is a breakdown
of carbohydrates into components of sugar
molecules through hydrolysis. For example,
sucrose is broken down into fructose and
glucose. In general, hydrolysis and
saccharification are steps in carrying out
substance degradation.
If viewed from the salt-forming
components and whether or not the salt can
be decomposed when reacted with water,
then the hydrolysis reaction can be divided
into two, namely:
1. Partial hydrolysis
Partial hydrolysis, namely when salt is
reacted with water, only one/some of the
ions undergo a hydrolysis reaction, while
the others do not. The constituent
components of salts that undergo a partial
hydrolysis reaction are weak acids and
strong bases or vice versa.
2. Total hydrolysis
Total hydrolysis is a reaction of
decomposition of all salt by water, in
which the salt component consists of a
weak acid and a weak base.
Factors that affect hydrolysis i.e. the
speed of hydrolysis reaction is influenced by
intrinsic factors such as molecular structure,
and environmental factors include
temperature (if the temperature rises 100°C,
the hydrolysis increases twice), the pH of the
solution (H+ and OH– catalyze or accelerate
the breaking of the chain. pH stability of a
drug is at the minimum point when log K
minimum), buffer type, ionic strength, light,
oxygen, moisture and additives.
Hydrolysis reactions that occur
between acid and base molecules that react
with water will form salts with the chemical
formula NaCl. NaCl is a salt that is used in
the kitchen by housewives as a salty flavor to
food.
In agriculture, hydrolysis reaction is
utilized in an adjustment of soil pH with
planted plants. Through a hydrolysis reaction
process, it will get a type of fertilizer that is
not too acidic or as for chemical molecules
Engineering Journal
that are often used to lower the pH of
fertilizer, namely solid pellets
( NH4 )2so4. If the salt is reacted in water,
the NH4+ ions will be hydrolyzed in the soil
and will form NH3 and H+ which are acidic.
The hydrolysis reaction that occurs
between the salt formed from HOCl which is
a weak acid with NaOH which is a strong
base with water will occur HOCL hydrolysis
so that it will produce OH ions - which have
alkaline properties. While NaoH as a strong
base is not hydrolyzed. The salt formed
through the process of combining the two
acids is NaOCl. The salt is one of the
materials used in the manufacture of bayclin
or sunklin that can be used to whiten clothes.
Hydrolysis reaction has an important
role in the breakdown of food into nutrients
that are easy to absorb. Most of the organic
compounds in food do not readily react with
water, so catalysts are needed to allow this
process to continue. Organic catalysts that
help with the occurrence of reactions in
living organisms are known as enzymes. The
enzyme works by applying the concept of
hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis reaction has an important
role in a rock weathering process. The
process is important in the process of soil
formation, as well as making essential
minerals available to plants. Various silicate
minerals, such as feldspar, will undergo a
slow hydrolysis reaction with water, forming
clay and mud.
Hydrolysis reaction has a role in the
process of water purification. Purification of
drinking water in the welcome by PAM
apply the principles of hydrolysis, namely by
using aluminum phosphate compounds that
will undergo total hydrolysis.
Thus, it can be concluded that the
hydrolysis reaction occurs when some ionic
compounds, such as acids, bases, and salts
are dissolved or broken down in water
molecules that can produce properties that
vary whether they are acidic, basic, or
neutral. The difference in these properties is
a benchmark in analyzing the important role
of hydrolyzed salt in the lives of living
things.
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III. METHOD j. The mixture is then filtered to take the
precipitate
1. Stage 1 of the material preparation k. Then the precipitate was washed using
process 50 ml of aquadest 5 (five) times
Grind pine needles and sieve. Drying l. Add 12.5 ml of 2 N acetic acid and stir
pine needles in the sun. Store pine needle for 5 minutes
powder in a closed jar. Notes Pine leaf flour m. Then washed with distilled water until
was used for all groups the pH is neutral, tested with litmus
2. Stage 2 Pulping process paper
a. Make a NaOH solution with a n. The precipitate is dried to a constant
concentration of 4 M weight.
b. Mix pine needle powder with NaOH o. Record weighing results
solution with a ratio of 1:5 w/v
c. Put the mixture into the 3 neck flask IV. OBSERVATION RESULT
and install the condenser to heat the Table 1. Pulping Process Results
mixture for 45 minutes at 70°C
Compone
(while stirring at low speed in the Inputs output
nt
wather bath).
d. Weigh the filter cloth and record the Typical pine The smell
weighing results smell, of pine has
e. After 45 minutes, neutralize the powder form disappeared
mixture by adding 1 M HCl and a bit, in the
filter the mixture using a filter cloth Sample form of a
and squeeze it. powder
f. Oven Produce until constant weight
Brown Dark
g. Record weighing results
chocolate
3. Stage 3 Test the cellulose content
a. Weigh 5 grams of dry pulp, then put it in a aluminum+fil 4.455
beaker glass ter cloth = grams
b. The pulp was moistened with 15 ml of 4.455 g
17.5% NaOH w/v and stirred for 1 Aluminum = 4.7078 –
minute Weighing 0.843 g 2.8857
c. Add 10 ml of 17.5% NaOH and stir for Sieve = 3.612 = 1.8221
45 seconds g grams
d. The addition of 10 ml of 17.5% NaOH Sample = 10
followed by stirring for 15 seconds g
e. The mixture was left for 3 minutes
f. Added another 10 ml of 17.5% NaOH, 14 pH for 6 pH
stirred for 10 minutes samples that
g. 3x addition using 17.5% NaOH as much have been
Sample
as 10 ml after 2.5; 5 ; 7.5 minutes heated with
Neutraliza
h. Left for 15 minutes in a closed state NaOH
tion
i. Added 100 ml of distilled water and left
for 15 minutes

Engineering Journal 3
Calculation 8.435
Rendemen= 100 %
a. NaOH 4 M 10
gram 1000 Rendemen=84.35 %
M= ×
Mr V f. Cellulose Content Test Results
gram 1000 berat endapan selulosa
4= × Kadar selulosa= 100 %
40 100 berat pulp
¿ 16 gram 1,95
Kadar selulosa= 100 %
5
a
b. NaOH 17.5% w/v W = ×V K adar Selulosa=39 %
100
V. DISCUSSION
W = Weight of substance to be
dissolved The longer the cooking process will
a = Percent to be made produce less pulp with a lower pH. In this
V = volume of substance to be practicum, we used pine leaves as a sample.
made Inside the pine needles, it contains various
17,5 compositions such as cellulose, lignin,
W= ×15
100 pentosan, ash, silica and acidity.(pH)
W =2,625 gram (Bambang, W., 1989).
Pulping or pulping is the process of
c. 1 M HCl converting raw materials into cellulose fibers
ρ ×10 ×% that can be used as raw material for paper.
M=
Mr Wood is a raw material that is often used as a
1,19 ×10 ×32 raw material in the manufacture of paper
M=
36,5 pulp. With the increasing need for paper each
¿ 10,43 M year, more and more trees will be cut down.
M 1 ×V 1=M 2× V 2 This clearly can damage the ecosystem on
1 ×100=10,43 ×V 2 earth. Therefore, the practicum that we are
100 doing has the aim of being able to replace
=V 2
10,43 wood as a raw material, but other plants that
V 2=9,6 mL have high cellulose content with conditions
that are abundant in nature. One example is
d. CH3COOH 99.8%
the pine flower which has sufficient cellulose
ρ ×10 ×%
M= content.
Mr
The first experiment that was carried
1,05 ×10 ×99,8
M= out was sample preparation by smoothing
60
¿ 17,5 M and sifting the sample in order to increase the
M 1 ×V 1=M 2× V 2 sample surface. The purpose of increasing
2 ×100=17,5× V 2 the surface area of the sample is to speed up
200 the pulping process.
=V 2 After that, the pulping process was
17,5
V 2=11,43 mL carried out using 4 M NaOH with a ratio of
1:5 of the sample weight. The purpose of this
e. Yield Test Results process is to separate the cellulose fibers
berat pulp kering from other materials.
Rendemen= 100 %
berat tepung daun pinus

Engineering Journal 4
 Then the cellulose content test was Brown, HP; AJ Panshin; CC Forsaith. 1994.
carried out using NaOH and acetic acid Textbook of Wood Technology.
which aims to determine the cellulose
Vol.1. Mc. Graw-Hill Book Co. Inc.
content in a sample. As we know that each
material has a different cellulose content. In 4th. Ed. New York
the practicum that we have done, the Cassey, J.P. 1980. Pulp and Paper Chemistry
resulting cellulose content is .39 %
and Chemical Technology. Vol. 1, 3rd
In the practicum that we did, the
results of the yield test with the cellulose ed. John Willey and son. New York
content test had a high level of difference, FAO. 1976. Evaluation of Mixed Tropical
namely for the yield test and for cellulose
Hardwoods for Pulp and Paper
content. This happened because of the lack of
practice in drying the samples, so that the Manufacture. Food Agriculture
samples in the yield test were not completely Organization of the United Nations.
dry 84.35 % rome.
P3HH and PT. Sumalindo Lestari Jaya .1989.
V. CONCLUSION
Transfer of Science and Technology
We can concluse that: to the Paper Pulp and Fiberboard
1. Based on the practicum we have done,
Industry.
pine needles contain 39%cellulose
content.
2. The process of making pulp is a process
of separating cellulose or fibers from
other materials. In the lab we did, the
yield test with the cellulose test had a
significant difference due to the lack of
practice in drying samples.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
Study Program Team. 2013. Chemical
Reaction Engineering Practicum
Guide. Pekanbaru: Laboratory of
Fundamentals of Process D3 Program,
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, University of
Riau.
Sastrohamidjojo, Harjdono. 1984. Wood Ultra
Structure Chemistry And Reactions.
Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University
Press.

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