Q1

W1

Population - Interbreeding happens among the members of a community of animals, plants, or people.

Environmental Science - Nature's interconnections between physical, chemical, and biological

components are studied.

Environmental Protection - Individuals, organizations, and the government all participate in

environmental protection.

W2

Nature knows best - This is the most fundamental concept, which covers all others.

Humans must recognize that nature was created by God and that they must follow the principles set out
by nature. If one wants to assure a constant and consistent flow of resources, one must not go against
natural processes.

All forms of life are important – Each creature has a niche, which is a crucial role in nature. It is self-
evident that all living creatures are necessary for the ecosystem's equilibrium to be maintained.

Everything changes – The environment is in continual flux. The only thing that is constant in an
ecosystem is change. Organisms evolve over time. However, contemporary technology has had such an
impact on natural changes that these changes are now causing us problems.

W3

Diversity - the number of species that live in a given environment

Biodiversity - refers to all of the many kinds of life that may be found in a given location on Earth.

Genetic diversity - the diversity of species inside a species, as well as between species

W4

water cycle - As it transitions from one phase of matter to another, it changes state.

Evaporation - the transformation of water from a liquid to a gas or vapor.

carbon dioxide and oxygen cycle - Green plants use carbon dioxide from the environment to create
living stuff and release oxygen into the air when they are exposed to light.

W5

Nitrogen - The element with the highest abundance, accounting for 78 percent of the earth's
atmosphere.

Phosphorus - a vital component for all life organisms Phosphorus is a component of several key life-
sustaining compounds found throughout the biosphere.

phosphorus cycle - Phosphorus travels through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere in this
process.
W6

Producer – a creature capable of producing its own food

Consumer – a creature that is unable to produce its own nourishment and must rely on the survival of
other species.

Primary Consumers – Cows, goats, and horses are examples of animals that consume the producers.

W7

energy pyramid - shows how energy is distributed and flowed from one trophic level to the next.

trophic levels - the relative locations of various species in their respective food chains

Energy - transmitted across an environment by creatures that make up the food chains and food webs of
the ecosystem.

Q2

W1

Ozone - a high-concentration ozone layer in the planet's stratosphere at a height of about 6.2 miles (10
km) that absorbs most of the UV light reaching the earth from the sun.

Ion - due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons, an atom or molecule having a net electric charge.

Mesopause - The Mesosphere's highest point

W2

Reservoir - a man-made lake used to store water

Surface tension - Due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules, it may be characterized as a
characteristic of a liquid's surface that permits it to resist an external force.

hydrogen bond - When certain atoms in a covalently linked molecule drag the shared electrons to one
side of the molecule, the molecule becomes electrically imbalanced.

W3

Air Quality - refers to the state of the air in our immediate environment.

Air Quality Index - a daily air quality index for measuring and reporting

Philippine Clean Air Act - a strategy and program for comprehensive air quality control that seeks to
attain and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.

W4

Physical Stability and Support - Soil has the ability to withstand erosion while also providing an anchor
for plant roots.

Filtering - Soil functions as a filter, ensuring that water, air, and other resources are of high quality.
Nutrient Cycling - Soil stores nutrients and controls the natural nutrient cycle.

W5

Natural resources - elements derived from the Earth that are utilized to sustain life and fulfill human
requirements

Biotic - The materials that may be acquired from living and organic stuff, such as forests and animals, are
referred to as resources.

Abiotic - These materials are derived from non-living, non-organic sources.

W6

Department of Environment and Natural Resources - the government agency in charge of ensuring the
country's natural resources are protected, conserved, managed, developed, and used properly.

Philippines - There are 7641 islands in all, with around 500 additional islands identified in 2016.

Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) - monitors the
country's atmospheric conditions.

W7

Reducing - about reducing the amount of garbage we generate in our daily lives

Reusing - about reducing the amount of garbage we generate in our daily lives

Recycling - about transforming trash into re-usable materials

Q3

W1

Thermal pollution - Any technique that alters the ambient water temperature degrades the water
quality.

Point-source pollution - any pollutant that enters the environment from a limited and readily identifiable
source.

Nonpoint source pollution - Land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage, or
hydrologic alteration are all common causes.

Pathogens - Microorganisms that spend a significant portion of their lifespan outside of human hosts,
yet cause illness with a quantifiable frequency when exposed to humans.

Carbon monoxide - The combustion of carbon-containing fuels such as gasoline, natural gas, oil, coal,
and wood produces a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and poisonous air pollution.

W2

Land Pollution - When people bring dangerous items, chemicals, or substances into the soil, either
directly or indirectly, causing harm to other living creatures or destroying soil or water ecosystems.
Deforestation - refers to the loss of forest land for other purposes such as agricultural farming,
urbanization, or mining operations across the world.

Landfills - are physical structures that are used to dispose of garbage on land, and should preferably be
considered as the last disposal option for unrecovered waste.

Nuclear waste - Nuclear reactors, fuel processing plants, hospitals, and research institutes all produce
waste.

Sewage - a form of wastewater that is generated by a group of people.

W3

Tornadoes - They're a violently spinning column of air striking the ground that's generally related to the
foundation of a thunderstorm.

Tsunami - Underwater earthquakes result in catastrophic water surges.

Volcanic eruptions - may be very harmful to the environment, especially because pyroclastic debris may
include a variety of hazardous substances.

Wildfires - a wildfire that burns uncontrollably in the wilderness vegetation, typically in rural regions.

W4

Flood - When water overflows or soaks typically dry ground, flooding occurs.

Hurricanes - Strong winds may defoliate forest canopies and create severe structural changes in forested
environments.

tropical cyclones - create a surge of ocean waters, leading sea levels to increase above average on a
regular basis

earthquake - The elastic rebound hypothesis describes rapid ground movement produced by the
unexpected release of energy trapped in rocks.

Drought - An occasional shortage of water that pushes ecosystems past their sensitivity thresholds,
disrupts ecosystem services, and activates feedback loops in natural and/or human systems.

W5

improved risk assessment - a method for determining how likely it is that one or more environmental
stressors, such as pollutants, illness, invasive species, and climate change, will have an influence on the
ecosystem.

Carbon tax - a type of pollution charge It charges a price for the production, distribution, and use of
fossil fuels depending on the amount of carbon released during combustion.

carbon offsetting - Credit cards are a kind of credit. They are sold by businesses and other groups. They
put the money toward programs that decrease or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions from the
environment.
energy conservation - indicates that less energy is used, lowering prices, extending the life of
nonrenewable energy sources, and reducing political and environmental effects.

Tree planting - Transplanting tree seedlings is a common practice in forestry, land reclamation, and
beautification.

W6

Global warming - the long-term warming of the Earth's climate system that has been seen since the pre-
industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) as a result of human activity, principally fossil fuel burning,
which raises heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere.

Acid rain - results when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the atmosphere
and transported by wind and air currents.

Urbanization - refers to the growing population of individuals who reside in cities.

greenhouse effect - a natural process that heats the surface of the Earth The absorbed energy heats the
Earth's atmosphere and surface.

Compost - The biological breakdown of heterogeneous solid organic materials under regulated wet, self-
heating, and aerobic conditions to produce a stable substance suitable for use as an organic fertilizer.

W7

Climate change - the long-term alteration of our planet's weather patterns, which is largely attributable
to global warming but is not entirely dependent on it.

Soil Degradation - the deterioration of soil quality caused by inappropriate usage or management,
typically for agricultural, industrial, or urban uses.

Overpopulation - happens when a species' population outnumbers its ecological niche's carrying
capacity.

food waste - meant to be the portion of food and inedible portions of food removed from the food
supply chain to be recovered or disposed of (including composted, crops ploughed in/not harvested,
anaerobic digestion, and other methods).

Plastic pollution - the buildup of plastic items and particles in the environment (e.g., plastic bottles, bags,
and microbeads) that harms animals, wildlife habitat, and humans.

Q4

W1

Hydropower - a type of energy that generates electricity by harnessing the power of moving water, such
as water pouring over a waterfall.

tidal power - The surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of tides generates a lot of energy.
Solar power - The sun provides energy. This energy, in the form of heat and light, sustains all life on
Earth, controls the planet's temperature and weather, and is primarily responsible for the renewable
energy category of resources.

Nuclear energy - the energy stored in an atom's nucleus, or core.

Gas - a source of fossil energy produced deep beneath the earth's surface

W2

Biomass - A unit area or volume of habitat is defined as the weight or total amount of living organisms of
one animal or plant species (species biomass) or all the species in a community (community biomass).

Oil - Ancient sea creatures such as plants, algae, and bacteria created the foundation.

Wind power - Turbines transform the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy
that may be utilized to generate electricity.

Geothermal energy - the earth's internal heat

Topography - defines the physical characteristics of a land mass.

W3

Biostimulants - are chemicals that may be applied to seeds, plants, and soil and are either natural or
synthetic.

Biopesticides - are insecticides generated from natural sources such as animals, plants, microorganisms,
and certain minerals.

Biotechnological tools - are bioscientific techniques that employ the chemistry of living creatures
through cell manipulation to produce new and alternative methods for manufacturing traditional goods
that are cleaner and more effective while maintaining the natural environment.

Bioremediation - a metabolic process in which biological organisms are employed to eliminate or

neutralize an environmental contaminant.

Biofuels - any fuel made from biomass, such as plant or algal matter or animal waste.

W4

RA 9003-ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 - offers the essential legislative
framework, institutional procedures, and mandate to local government units (LGUs) to achieve a 25%
reduction in waste by creating integrated solid waste management plans.

RA 9512- ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS EDUCATION ACT - promotes environmental awareness through

environmental education, which includes environmental ideas and principles, environmental legislation,
the condition of the worldwide and local environment, local environmental best practices, and dangers
to the environment.

PD 1586-ESTABLISHING AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM - To achieve and keep a

reasonable and orderly balance between socioeconomic development and environmental conservation.
RA 8749-PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT - a strategy and program for comprehensive air quality control that
seeks to attain and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.

RA 9275-THE PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004 - seeks to preserve the country's water bodies
from pollution caused by land-based sources such as industry, commercial institutions, agriculture, and
community/household activities.

W5

RA 8485 (Animal Welfare Act of 1998) - It relates to both physical and psychological well-being of
animals, as well as “freedom from fear, anguish, harassment, and needless discomfort and pain,” as well
as enabling animals to display normal behavior.

RA 7942 (Philippine Mining Act of 1995) - to resurrect the mining industry and attract more foreign
investment by defining mineral exploitation agreements and establishing the conditions for obtaining
mining rights

RA 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act) - All uncontrolled chemical
compounds and mixes are prohibited from being imported, manufactured, processed, handled, stored,
transported, sold, distributed, used, or disposed of in the Philippines, as well as the entrance, storage,
and disposal of hazardous and radioactive wastes.

PD 1181 (Pollution Control Law) - PREVENTING, CONTROLLING, AND ABATEMENT OF AIR POLLUTION
FROM MOTOR VEHICLES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Hazardous waste - Waste that poses a serious or imminent hazard to public health or the environment.