a.

lokman/Sept2017
 Organizations are the products of
individual human actions which carry
special meaning and significance to
those who act (Denhardt, 2011)
 Public organizations are the state’s
agents for public collective action
(Shepherd, 2003)

a.lokman/Sept2017
 Core government – departments and
ministries
 Agencies- delivers public programs,
good or services with partial degree of
independence
 Public enterprise- agencies that deliver
public programs, goods or services but
operated independently

a.lokman/Sept2017
 A type of organization designed to
accomplish large scale administrative tasks
by systematically coordinating the work of
many individuals (Blau & Meyer, 1988)
 A specific form of social organization for
administrative purposes (Nigro& Nigro,
1989)
 A specific form of organizational behavior:
hierarchy, sub-division, specialization, fixed
way of doing things and professionalization
(Dimock,1983)
a.lokman/Sept2017
 Bureaucracy – a large organization that
is structured hierarchically to carry out
specific functions

a.lokman/Sept2017
 Enabling/Encouraging
› Representative bureaucracy
 Coercive

a.lokman/Sept2017
 Weber, a German sociologist, argued
that bureaucracy consists of the most
efficient and rational way in organizing
human activity.

a.lokman/Sept2017
 Division of labor
 Hierarchy of authority
 Extensive formal rules
 Maintenance of files and records
 Selection of officers based on technical
qualification
 Professionalism
› Merit vs cronyism
› Rules implemented by neutral officials

a.lokman/Sept2017
 Threat to individual freedom
 Rigidity
 Lots of paper work
 Difficulties in coordination and
communication
 Produced privileged group with more
administrative power

a.lokman/Sept2017