Combined Atomic Structure, Periodic Table and Chemical Bonding By Ghazanfar Sultan

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q # 1. Encircle the correct answer in the given options:
1. An element has 6 electrons, 6 protons, and 8 neutrons; its mass number would be
(a) six (b) twelve (c) fourteen (d) sixteen (e) twenty

2. Two atoms have same value of A but different value of Z, it means they
(a) are isotopes (b) belong to same element
(c) belong to different element (d) they belong to same group of periodic table

3. Isotopes of an element possess same number of _____ but different number of neutrons.
(a) Atomic Number (b) Protons (c) Mass Number (d) Charges (e) Some other

4. K2L6 is the electronic arrangement of _________.

(a) (b) (c) (d) all (e) some other

5. A proton has same charge as an electron, while the charge of an ion depends on
(a) how many electrons it lost. (b) how many protons it gained.
(c) how many electrons it lost or gained. (d) how many protons it lost or gained.

6. Most atoms are neutral. This means:

(a) The nucleus is only made up of neutrons
(b) There are equal numbers of electrons and neutrons in the electron shells
(c) The electrons normally have zero charge
(d) The number of electrons balances out the number of protons

7. The size of a positive ions is ___________ as compared with the atom.

(a) smaller (b) larger (c) same (d) unpredictable.

8. Which one of these statements is true about an ion

(a) An ion becomes positive when an extra proton is added
(b) An ion becomes positive when electrons are removed and negative when electrons are
added
(c) An ion becomes positive when protons are added.
(d) An ion becomes negative when a proton is removed

9. Which one of these statements is true about an isotope of an element

(a) The number of protons remains the same, but the number of neutrons is different
(b) The number of neutrons remains the same, but the number of protons is different
(c) The number of protons and neutrons remain the same, but the number of electrons is
different
(d) The number of protons remains the same, but electrons are added to the nucleus

10. An isotope of cadmium has an atomic number of 48 and a mass number of 112. This means
that the cadmium atom has
(a) 48 protons, 64 neutrons, 48 electrons (b) 64 protons, 48 neutrons, 64 electrons
(c) 48 protons, 112 neutrons, 48 electrons (d) 112 protons, 48 neutrons, 112 electrons

11. If Z is the number of proton and A is the number of nucleons, then the number of neutrons
is an atom is given by
(a) A + Z (b) A – Z (c) Z – A (d) none of these

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12. Which statement about atoms is correct?

13. Which diagram correctly shows the ions present in the compound potassium fluoride?

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14. What is the definition of nucleon number?

Q # 15, 16, 17 and 19 belong to the diagram given below:

The diagram shows the atomic structure of an element X.

15. The nucleon number of this atoms is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 9

16. This element is

(a) lithium (b) beryllium. (c) carbon (d) oxygen.

17. This element is

(a) a metal. (b) non-metal. (c) inert. (d) a gas.

18. This element belongs to

(a) group I. (b) group II. (c) group IV. (d) transition metals.

19. Which statements comparing the properties of electrons, neutrons and protons are correct?
Both electrons and Both protons and neutrons Both protons and neutrons
protons are present in are charged particles. are heavier than electrons.
the nucleus.
A True True True
B False False True
C False False False
D True True False

20. Two atoms have the same Ar, relative atomic mass but different chemical properties.
Which option is correct about the proton and neutron numbers of these atoms?
(a) both have same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
(b) both have same number of protons and same number of neutrons.
(c) both have different number of protons but same number of neutrons.
(d) both have different number of protons and different number of neutrons.

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21. Which statement about a neutron is not correct?

22. Element X, , forms a compound with element .

23. Element X, , forms a compound with element .

Which statement describes the bonding in the compound formed?
(a) X gives away one electron to Y.
(b) Y gives away two electrons to X.
(c) Each of the two Y atoms give one electron to X.
(d) X and Y shares their valence electrons.

24. Element X has 7 protons. Element Y has 8 more protons than X. Which statement about
element Y is correct?

25. Which atom has twice as many neutrons as protons?

26. Elements X, Y and Z are in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

X is a gas.
Y is less reactive than Z
Z is a red liquid.
When X, Y and Z are put in order of increasing proton number, which order is correct?
A X Y Z B X Z Y
C Y X Z D Y Z X

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27. The table describes the structures of four particles.

What are the correct values of X , Y and Z ?

28 and 29 belongs to the diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

28. Which element is correctly matched with its electronic structure?

A. 2, 8, 2 B. 2, 5 C. 2, 8, 1 D. 2, 8

29. A covalent bond can be formed between

(a). A and C. (b). B and D.
(c) two atoms of B. (d). two atoms of D.

30. The nucleon number and proton number of the beryllium atom are shown by the symbol
.
What is the correct symbol for the beryllium ion in beryllium chloride.
+ 2+ 2+ 2+
A. B. C. D.

31. The nucleon number and proton number of the sulfur atom are shown by the symbol .
What is the correct symbol for the sulfide ion in sodium sulfide.
2- 2+ 2- 2-
A. B. C. D.

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32. Two isotopes of hydrogen are and .

Which diagram shows the arrangement of particles in the two isotopes?

33. Which row shows the change that takes place when element X gains the new particle
shown?

34. An element S has the proton number 18. The next element in the Periodic Table is an
element T. Which statement is correct?

35. Which of the following substance has a giant covalent structure and contains atoms of
more than one element?
(a) diamond. (b) graphite (c) carbon dioxide (d) sand.

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36. Element V forms an acidic, covalent oxide.
Which row in the table shows how many electrons there could be in the outer shell of an
atom of V?

37. How many of the molecules shown contain only one covalent bond?
H2 O2 HF N2 Cl2
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

38. Metals conduct electricity because of the movement of

(a) negative ions. (b) positive ions. (c) electrons. (d) protons

39. is used to determine mechanism of a chemical reaction involving compounds

containing oxygen atoms. One of these reactions, is photosynthesis. It confirms that
molecular oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from water instead of carbon
dioxide.
How many neutrons are there in an oxygen-18 molecule produced during the reaction?
(a) mercury (b) iron (c) potassium chloride (d) graphite

40. Which of the following elements react with each other to form a covalent compound?

(a) R and T (b) T and X (c) X and Z (d) Z and R

41. The structure of a transition metal “copper” is described as a little of positive ions in a sea
of electrons.
1. Copper conducts electricity because the ions are free to move
2. Copper has a high melting point due to strong covalent bonds
3. Copper is a compound.
4. Copper is malleable because the layers of atoms can slide over each other.

Which of the above statements about properties of copper are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only. (c) 1 and 4 only. (d) 4 only.

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42. Part of a periodic table is shown above. The letters are not chemical symbols of elements.

Which statement about these elements is NOT correct?

(a) W has two electrons in the outermost sell.
(b) Y is in group IV of the periodic table.
(c) X and Y covalently bond to form a molecule XY4.
(d) Z has more metallic character than Y.

43. Which substance conduct electricity in molten state but not in solid state?
(a) mercury (b) iron (c) potassium chloride (d) graphite

Hydrocarbons are the compounds, which contain atoms of hydrogen and carbon only.
Ethen is one of the hydrocarbons. Its structure is given below:

44. Which description of bonds present in ethene is correct?

(a) all atoms in the molecule share a share of eight electrons
(b) Each carbon shares two of its valence electrons with hydrogen atoms and two of its
electrons with a carbon atom.
(c) Each carbon shares two of its valence electrons with hydrogen atoms and one of its
electrons with a carbon atom.
(d) The two carbon atoms share a total of six electrons with other atoms.

45. Which of the following properties of alkali metals increases down the group?
(a) melting point and metallic character (ease of losing valence electrons).
(b) melting point and chemical reactivity.
(c) density and metallic character (ease of losing valence electrons)
(d) melting point only.

46. Which of the following ion has the greatest number of electrons?

(a) F- (b) Na+ (c) Ca2+ (d) Al3+

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47. Which of the following ion has the lowest number of electrons?

(a) F- (b) Li+ (c) Ca2+ (d) Al3+

48. Which of the following pair of ions is isoelectronic?

(a) F- and Ca2+ (b) F- and Ca2+ (c) Al3+ and Ca2+ (d) Na+ and Al3+

49. Metallic character decreases from …………… in periodic table?

(a) top to bottom. (b) left to right (c) both are correct. (d) none is correct.

50. The number of outer shell electrons for the atoms of the first 12 elements in the Periodic
Table is plotted against the proton number of the element/

Which graph is obtained?

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SHORT ANSWERED QUESTIONS:

Q # 2. The table shows the atomic structure of four atoms.
Electrons Protons Neutrons
A 18 18 22
B 11 11 12
C 13 13 14
D 20 20 209
E 9 9 10

(a) Which three symbols shows structure of metals? [2]

(b) Which element (from the table) forms an amphoteric oxide? [1]

(c) Which one of the given atomic structures combines with B to produce a compound having
atomic ratio of 1: 1? [1]

(d) Which one of the given atomic structures combines with OXYGEN to produce an oxide
atomic ratio of 1: 1? [1]

(e) Which atomic structure shows that it is a noble gas? [1]

Q # 3. Name the atomic particle: [3]

(a) Which has positive charge? _________________

(b) Which has highest mass? ________________

(c) Which revolves around the nucleus of an atom? ________________

Q # 4. Complete the table below: [6]

Symbol of Element No. of protons No. of neutrons No. of electrons

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Q # 5. (a) Write down the electronic configuration of Carbon and Fluorine. [2]
. _____________________________________________________
. _____________________________________________________
(b) Draw the electronic diagram of Carbon and Fluorine. [2]

Q # 6. What is meant by the term [2]

Atomic number ___________________________________________

. _____________________________________________________
. Mass number _____________________________________________
. _____________________________________________________
Q # 7. The table shows the atomic structure of six particles M to R. The particles are atoms or
ions. The letters are not the symbols of the elements:

Particles protons neutrons electrons

M 6 7 6
N 11 12 10
O 10 12 10
P 6 8 6
Q 17 18 18
R 11 12 11

(a) Which two particles are ions? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) Which particle is atom of noble gas? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Which two particles are an atom and an ion of the same element? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Which two particles are isotopes same element? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(f) Draw the electronic structure of P and Q. [2]

(e) Which particle has highest atomic mass? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(g) Find the period number and group number of Q? [1]

Period: …………………………

Group: …………………………

(h) Draw a diagram of a covalent compound P formed with Q. [2]

(show only outer electrons only)

Q # 8. Deuterium is a heavy isotope of hydrogen. An ion of deuterium is given below:

(a) Complete the following table to show the names and charges of the particles in the
structure? [2]
Symbol Name Charge

Proton
-1

(b) Using the symbol D to represent deuterium, give the formulae of: [2]
(i) The ion shown above

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) The compound formed between deuterium and sodium.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(c) Would you expect the oxide of deuterium to be solid, liquid or a gas? Explain your
reasoning. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Draw the diagram of another isotope of hydrogen having two neutrons. [1]

Q # 9. The diagrams given below show the electronic arrangement of the elements (A to E) in
their outer most shells. All these elements belong to period 3 of the periodic table.

(a) Complete the table given below: [5]

Elements Group Valency Nature (metals/non-metals)
A

(b) Which element will form an ion of the type X2-? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Which element has an atomic number 17? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Which two elements will form a covalent compound YZ3? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(e) Draw the electronic structure of YZ3? [2]

Q # 10. The structure of sodium chloride lattice is given:

(a) Extend the structure of NaCl to the right, by adding four more ions. [2]

(b) Define the type of bonding present in sodium chloride. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) How many Na+ ions are in the surrounding of a single chloride, Cl-, ion in a complete
lattice? [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) Why does it not conduct electricity in solid state? [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) Draw the electronic structure of Na+ and Cl- ion? [4]

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(f) Underline the most likely property for solid sodium chloride that you can predict from its
given structure: [4]

(i) Solubility in water: soluble/insoluble

(ii) Melting point/°C: 69/801

(iii) Electrical conductivity: good/poor

(iv) Tensile strength: brittle/malleable.

Q # 11. Silicon and carbon both are in group IV of periodic table.

(a) Draw a diagram of an atom of silicon, showing how the electrons are arranged and
the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. [2]

(b) Carbon and silicon each form dioxides in which the bonding between the atoms is
covalent. Carbon dioxide has a simple molecular structure whereas silicon (IV) oxide
(silicon dioxide) has a macromolecular structure.
(i) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of carbon
dioxide. [1]

(ii) The structure of silicon dioxide is drawn below.

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Silicon dioxide has a high melting point whereas carbon dioxide is a gas at room
temperature. Explain this in terms of the structures of the two oxides
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 3 ]

(iii) Does silicon dioxide conduct electricity? Explain your answer with reference to its
structure. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Q # 12. CH4 is the major component of natural gas. Draw its dot-and-cross diagram. You only
need to draw the outer electrons of the carbon and hydrogen atoms. [2]

Q # 13. Calcium reacts with oxygen to form calcium oxide. Draw diagrams to show the
electronic structure and charges of both ions present in calcium oxide. [4]

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Q # 14. Potassium calcium, and phosphorus are the elements of 3rd period of the periodic table.

(a) Which will be able to conduct electricity?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Give reason to your answer to (a).

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Draw the labelled lattice structure of calcium.

(d) Complete the following word equations. If the substances do not react, writ ‘no
reaction’.

Potassium + water

Calcium + water

Phosphorus + water

Potassium + hydrochloric acid

Calcium + hydrochloric acid

Phosphorus + hydrochloric acid

Potassium + oxygen

(e) The oxides of potassium and and phosphorus both are soluble in water.

Describe how you could distinguis between solutions of their oxides.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

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Q # 15. Tin is a metal in group VI of the periodic table. It shows variable valency in its
compounds.

(a) Tin begins with lettere ‘T’ but its symbol is ‘Sn’. Justify this fact. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What is the valency of tin in the following compounds? [2]

SnCl2 : ……………………

SnCl4 : ……………………

(c) The melting and boiling points of SnCl2 and SnCl4 are given below in the table.

Melting Boiling point/°C Bonding State at 25°C

point/°C

SnCl2 247 623

SnCl4 -33 114

(i) Predict the state of these compounds (in the table) at room temperature. [2]

(ii) Predict the type of bonding in these compounds (in the table). [2]

(iii) Give reason to your answer ‘b (ii)’. [3]

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Tin is a reactive metal, but in reactivity series it is below iron. It reacts with hydrochloric
acid to produce tin (II) chloride.

(i) Name ther other product produced during this reaction. [1]

(ii) Write down a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. [2]

(e) Write down chemical formula of [2]

(i) Tin (II) sulphate: …………………………….

(ii) Tin (II) nitrate: ………………………………

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Q # 16. Astatine is a chemical element with the symbol ‘At’ and atomic number 85. It is present
in periodic table below iodine.

(a) Predict the following for astitine: [3]

(i) Number of valence electrons: ……………………..

(ii) State of astatine at 25°C: ……………………………

(iii) Molecular state of astatine: …………………………

(b) Suggest the following formulae of following compounds: [2]

(i) Calcium astatide: ………………………..

(ii) Potassium astatide: ……………………..

(c) Which of the following pairs can react? Write ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in front of the paris. [2]

(i) Astatine and potassium iodide: …………………

(ii) Chlorine and potassium iodide: …………………

(d) Give reason to your answer to (c). [2]

…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………

…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………

…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………

Q # 17. Noble gases are in group zero of the periodic table. These are inert gases.

(a) Explain why noble gases are inert.

…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………
…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………
…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..………[2]

(b) Helium is used to fill balloons in preference to hydrogen because it is safer. Explain.
…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………
…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..………[1]

(c) Most gaseous elements exist as diatomic molecule but noble gases exists as
monoatomic. Explain.
…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………
…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..……………
…………………..…………………..…………………..…………………..………[2]

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Q # 18. The part of the structure of three giant covalent molecules are given below:

(a) Write down two structural differences between graphite and diamond. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write down two differences in properties between graphite and diamond based on
their structures. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Write down two similarities between the structure of diamond and graphite. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Q # 19. The dot and cross diagram shows all the electrons in a molecule.
(a) What type of bonding is present in this molecule? 01
……………………………………………………………..

(b) Give reason for this type of bonding in them. 01

…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
(c) Write down the number of valence electrons in outer most orbit of central atom, and
predict its group number. 02

Number of valence electrons: ……………………………….

Group # …………………

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Q # 20. Carbon dioxide and silicon (IV) oxide are oxides of group IV elements.
(a) Complete the following table: [5]

Carbon dioxide Silicon (IV) oxide

Formula SiO2

Melting point/°C -56 1610

Physical state at 25°C

Structure
(simple covalent molecule
or macromolecule)

(b) Explain why silicon (IV) oxide has a very high melting point. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Explain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why carbon dioxide has a very
low melting point. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Draw the ‘electronic structure’ of carbon dioxide molecule using ‘dots and crosses’,
showing only valence electrons. [2]

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Q # 21. Diagram given belows shows a laboratory set-up for the reaction of metals of group I
with with chlorine to produce metal chloride.

(a) Complete the following table with respect to metal mentioned in first column. [15]

Metal Colour of the flame Name of the compound Formula of the

compound

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Rubidium

Caesium

(b) Writed down a complete and balanced chemical equation for the reaction of lithium with
chlorine. [2]

(c) Draw the ‘dot’ and ‘cross’ structure of the compound produced in (b). [2]

(d) Name the most reactive metal from the table. [1]

(e) Name the least reactive metal from the table. [1]

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