NIGEL TAKUDZWA MUSHORI

C19136624B
BEMC 5.1
TECHNOPRENEURSHIP CUEB 301 ASSIGNMENT 2
Explanation of the technopreneurship concept using specific companies and industries.

Technopreneurship the creation of new products, services and or technological enterprises. Technology
entrepreneurship is basically a combination of two separate terms from two different disciplines, technology
came from the discipline of innovation and entrepreneurship came from the business or commercial
discipline. Hence it is an integration of technological and entrepreneurial domains. Innovative ideas and
products further move those innovative products to the market and joint ventures which basically financially
assist this process. Industry is the work and processes involved in collecting raw materials, and making them
into products in factories.Industry as the collective large-scale manufacturing of goods in well-organized
plants with a high degree of automation and specialisation.Technopreneurship is applied in industries and
companies.
Technopreneurship innovatively apply technical science and knowledge in creating and managing a business
and take its financial risks in order to achieve goals. Companies like Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC)
which was incorporated in 1996 as an investment vehicle in the generation of electricity and became
operational in 1999. The organisation has been authorised to construct, own, operate and maintain power
generation stations for the supply of electricity. The power supply in Zimbabwe is sourced from local
generation and imports. The domestic generation comes from Kariba Hydropower, Hwange coal-fired power
Station, and three small thermal power plants in Bulawayo, Harare, and Munyati. Electricity is not freely
available in nature, so it must be produced that is transforming other forms of energy to electricity so science
reasoned investigation or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements is
needed.Science discovers that electrical power generation is based on Faraday's law of mutual
electromagnetic induction in an electrical circuit moving for example rotating so that it cuts magnetic lines
of force.An electromotive force (emf) is generated that is proportional to the rate at which unit lines of force
are cut. The magnetic field is generated by direct current excitation current in a primary circuit, produced by
rectifying alternate current from a subsidiary generator geared mechanically to the main alternator.
According to Lenz's law, the direction of the current set up in the subsidiary circuit is such that
electromagnetic interaction between the two circuits tends to hinder the motion setting up the emf in the
secondary circuit.Zimbabwe Power Company apply this knowledge to develop power generation technology
by using water or steam to turn blades in a turbine either turning magnetic field or conductor.. In a broader
sense, entrepreneurship is achieved as the process of transforming the status quo by solving the most
pressing problems and pain points of lack of electricity in society by introducing an innovative product
which is electrical power or service or creating new markets. Essentially Zimbabwe Power Company uses
the process of developing, organising, and running an electrical power business to generate profit while
taking on financial risk.This value creating concept is not only about to identify the technology or market
opportunities but basically about investing, exploiting that opportunity and generating high profit margins
for the firm.
Technopreneurship leads a style of business including identifying extremely technological economic
opportunities with high capacity for growth, collection of resources like expert manpower and capital, rapid
growth and remarkable risk management by means of decision making skills. Microsoft Corporation  an
American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington best-known
software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet
Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and
the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers.Microsoft provide consulting and product
and solution support services and trains and certify computer system integrators and developers.It also offers
cloud based solutions that provide customers with software, services and content over the Internet by way of
shared computing resources located in centralized data centers. Microsoft was founded in 1975. Its mission
is to enable people and businesses throughout the world to realize their full potential by creating technology
that transforms the way people work, play, and communicate. Microsoft develops and market software,
services, and hardware that deliver new opportunities, greater convenience, and enhanced value to people's
lives. We do business worldwide and have offices in more than one hundred countries.
Technology entrepreneurship is a concept of transforming research and potential of scientific institutions
into new products and services, which significantly increases benefits to consumers and results in a faster
economy growth in the future. By ensuring effective and synergistic relations where science meets economy
taking into account the wider effect of the so called business environment, technology entrepreneurship
focuses on implementing innovative solutions and ensuring their market success, as well as on using their
applications and distributing their effects in the business environment. In consequence, it has the potential to
become one of the key factors in building the innovation potential of modern enterprises .Companies like
Russel Hobbs use concept of transforming ,Brostech and Mamsen Engineering(Pvt)Ltd use principles of
heating effects in manufacturing industries of home and kitchen appliances.The electric iron and electric
kettles are based on the heating effect of current.The principle states that when an electric current is passed
through a conductor it generates heat because of resistance in it .The electrical resistance converts electrical
energy into heat energy.Applying data from science of the relationship between voltage and current gives
the capability to make appliances which customers can control the temperatures.The companies also produce
food processors and mixers which offer high speed,ease and efficiency with a large number of day to day
tasks whether its chopping ,whisking or slicing.Bulk manufacturing of the appliances set and stage profitable
means making sure that revenue stays ahead of costs of doing business.Focus on controlling costs in both
production and operations while maintaining the profit margin on product sold.
The concept of technology entrepreneurship is an interesting proposition that aims to limit these
shortcomings and develop innovativeness of small and medium enterprises. As part of the concept, research
and potential of scientific and research and development institutions is transformed through the engagement
of commercial entities and institutions of business environment into products and services distributed on
market principles and providing new values and desired benefits to clients. For example knowledge
application by Tesla developed the alternating current power system that provides electricity. Tesla Inc
(Tesla) is an automotive and energy company. It designs, develops, manufactures, sells, and leases electric
vehicles and energy generation and storage systems. Power is converted from the DC battery to AC for the
electric motor.Technology is developed from the science knowledge as the accelerator pedal sends a signal
to the controller which adjusts the vehicle's speed by changing the frequency of the AC power from the
inverter to the motor. The motor connects and turns the wheels through a cog. Tesla Inc (Tesla) is an
automotive and energy company. It designs, develops, manufactures, sells, and leases electric vehicles and
energy generation and storage systems. The company produces and sells the Model Y, Model 3, Model X,
Model S, Cybertruck, Tesla Semi and Tesla Roadster vehicles.
The function of entrepreneurs is to reform or revolutionise the pattern of production by exploiting an
invention or, more generally, an untried technological possibility for producing a new commodity or
producing an old one in a new way, by opening up a new source of supply of materials or a new outlet for
products, by reorganising an industry.Proportional Integral Derivative controllers are used in industrial
application technology to regulate temperature ,flow pressure speed and other process variables .PID
controller use a controllers use a control loop feedback mechanism to control process variables and most
accurate .In practical terms PID controllers applies an accurate and responsive correction to a control
function.This technology is used in the manufacturing of aviation products by companies like Raytheon
Technologies and General Electric.PID controllers are also used by water engineering companies like
Bonaqua Water to control water levels in evaporaters ans condensers to control level ,pressure and
temperature.
Theoretical basis for using the concept of technology entrepreneurship in stimulating innovativeness of
industry sector companies Innovativeness is seen as one of the key factors in achieving success and
increasing effectiveness of modern business. Paper and pulp manufacturing industries such as Nippon paper
and Circle Pak use wood as raw material to produce pulp,paperbond and other cellulose based products.The
pulp is fed into the paper machine and it is formed as paper web and water is removed from it by pressing
and drying .Pressing the sheet removes the water by force .Once the water is removed from the sheet which
is not to be confused with the traditional one is used to collect water were as when making paper by hand a
blotter sheet is used instead.Drying involves using air or heat to remove the paper sheets.In the earliest days
of paper making this was done by hanging the sheets like laundry.In morden industries technology of
various forms of heating is heated drying is used.The most common used is steam heated can dryer.
Application of technology in the entrepreneurship business allows modern paper companies to build a
permanent competitive advantage, mostly through such positive effects as increasing quality and
effectiveness, limiting costs, increasing customer loyalty, internationalization of operations of modernizing
management processes and methods.
A particular industry consists of all the people and activities involved in making a particular product or
providing a particular service.Food industries produce and commercialise bread but technology is involved
in the production of the bread.The company uses dough mixes for large production of bread to be
achieved .Technology was applied in the development of dough mixers.It uses planetory blades that rotate
on their own axis while rotating around the bowl center thoroughly to mix all incredients.Mixing blades turn
in opposite direction to rotate around the vessels circumference and around their own axis.Short mixing
intervals ensures the maximum mixing.A removable cylindrical shell or body forms its base .Covered shells
or bowls may include glass,nozzles liquid spray and viewing ports.As well as loading the material using the
top corner nozzles the material can also be fed directly into the mixing container on and common axis,the
two blades rotate on their axes .This blade is located at the top of the mixing container.Driven by a motor
and planetory head is driven by the driver system.The motor which works on the principle of
electromagnetic induction.The electric induction is a science phenomenon in which the electromotive force
induces across the electrical motor when it is rotating.On asynchronous motors the electric current in the
rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via electromagnetic field of stator winding.
Technological innovation is a fundamental requirement in the creation of wealth. In developed and
competitive economies, there are only three ways in order to people´s work produce new sustainably
business wealth as attracting and retaining customers, increasing market share in a particular activity.
Optimize processes, increasing productivity. Developing new products and services to create entirely new
activities. In these three fronts, little can be done without innovation as observed on milk and products
production company Dairy Board.It uses technology milk and pack milk.From milking parlours to robots to
complicated softwares.The company uses a vacuum system to milk cows.The vacuum within a machine
gently pulsates drawing milk from the udder.It takes between eight and five minutes to milk a cow using this
system .
Primary industries extract or produce raw materials from which useful items can be made. Extraction of
raw materials includes mining activities, forestry, and fishing. Agriculture is also considered a primary
industry as it produces raw materials that require further processing for human use. Integration of business
with technology is needed.For example in the mining industries they use conveyor belt systems to carry
mediums on the belt.The conveyor belts are motor powered and gears are used.For example Zimplatz uses
conveyor belts to transport ore and other materials from mining site to processing facilities.

Secondary industries are those that change raw materials into usable products through processing and
manufacturing.Factories that change metals and plastics into vehicles are examples of secondary industries.
The term value added is sometimes applied to processed and manufactured items since the change from a
raw material into a usable product has added value to the item. Automobile industries like Toyota and
Nissan motors apply science and technology to produce vehicles for commercialising.In a spark ignition
engine the fuel is mixed with air then induced into the cylinder during intake process.After the piston
compresses the fuel air mixture ,the spark ignites it causing combustion.The expansion of combustion
pushes the piston during the power stroke.The up and down movement of the cylinder is called reciprocating
motion.This reciprocating motion must be changed into rotary motion so that the wheels of the automobiles
could be made to rotate.This change of reciprocating motion to rotary motion is accomplished by a crank on
the crankshaft help of connecting.

Tertiary industries are those that provide essential services and support to allow other levels of industry to
function. Often simply called service industries, this level includes transportation, finance, utilities,
education, retail, housing, medical, and other services. Since primary and secondary levels of industry
cannot function without these services, they are sometimes referred to as spin off industries.For example x-
ray technology is used in medical field.The technology is used noninvasely and pointlessly help to diagnose
and monitor therapy support medical and surgical treatment planning and guiding medical personal as they
insert catheters,stents or other devices inside the body,treat tumers ,or remove blood clots or other
blockages.This technology is based on scientific discoveries of the electromagnetic spectrum technology.X-
ray are a form of electromagnetic radiation that send small waves through body which are absorbed in
different materials on the other materials pass.SENMED generate income from the production of x-ray
devices.This technology is also used in production industries for example in metal sheets production
companies like aluminium and steel sheets production by companies like Sheet Metal Fabrication and
Xometry Inc.

Quaternary industries are those for the creation and transfer of information, including research and training.
Often called information industries, this level has seen dramatic growth as a result of advancements in
technology and electronic display and transmission of information. The term technopreneurship is used to
describe entrepreneurs who combine entrepreneurial skills with technology. Econet Wireless Zimbabwe uses
a consequence of science and engineering although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields.
Signaling is one of the most important basic science principles used in telecommunications used to develop
technology by Econet.Econet Wireless Zimbabwe Limited is the largest mobile telecommunications,
technology and digital solutions company in Zimbabwe. Econet Wireless is a diversified
telecommunications group with operations in nine countries in Africa, Europe and the East Asia Pacific
Rim, offering products and services in the core areas of mobile and fixed telephony services, internet and
satellite.
Technology based business ventures exploit breakthrough advances in science and engineering to develop
better products and services for customers.Nano based polymers are now used in water industries and have
immense potential for water purification as membranes,adsorbents,coagulates and modified electrode for
electrochemical water treatment.Companies like Bonaqua and Gloceau smarter water use water treatment
technology in reverse osmosis(RO),ultrafiltration(UF),microfiltration and nanofiltration(NF) are the most
commonly used membranes used for water treatment process.
Technological Improved performance demonstrated to customers solution Prototypes and tooling effective
Past experience and recognition by external partners of expertise.Advanced Actuator Technology which is
the project of creation of a new venture commercialising piezoelectric actuators. Advanced Actuator
Technology which is the project of creation of a new venture commercialising piezoelectric actuators. The
Rotork Company improves of existing technology to which existing customers’ technical problems are
solved. These new piezoactuators could enter existing markets within established industries, replacing old
technologies or creating new applications.The new venture has the ability to enter the rocketing worldwide
microsystems market with major applications in the automotive, telecommunication, computer, optics and
medical industries.Automated technology is based on artificial intelligence enable mining companies to
work around the clock and maximise input and productivity.Fredda Rebecca mine uses technology on site
monitoring ,drilling systems ventilation systems and long distance trains.
The function of technological entrepreneurship is to reform or revolutionise the pattern of production by
exploiting an invention .For example nanotechnology allowed the textile industry to manufacture clothing
with a more scientific lookout such as fire repellent ,self cleaning and water repellent and produce products
using less energy making them sustainable.Hoosic Falls uses artificial intelligence,internet of things ,mobile
commence ,virtual and augmented reality,3D printing producing truck covers (PVC coated PC fabrics),car
trunk covers ,airbags ,parachutes,boats inflaitable and air ballons for commercial use.
Macdonald Bricks a subsidiary of Radar Holdings innovatively applies scientific and technical knowledge
by one or several persons who start and operate a construction industry business and assume financial risks
to achieve their vision and goals.It is one of Zimbabwe’s most trust manufacturers and suppliers of quality
clay bricks and paves that has been in existence since 1949 and manufactures and supply bricks and pavers
for a varied range.It uses forced drafts and induced drafts fans technology to balance fire levels in bricks
ovens,This technology is also used in ZISCO steels company furnaces in the production of steel.An induced
draft fan is provided to maintain a negative pressure in the furnace by induced draught .Forced draft supply
air to the system.
Entrepreneurship integrated with technological possibility for producing a new commodity or producing an
old one in a new way, by opening up a new source of supply of materials or a new outlet for products, by
reorganizing an industry and so on.Irvines company made some discoveries on the conditions for egg
hatching that is temperature and humidity.The company applied the knowledge to make automatic egg
incubators.Irvines use a device simulating avian incubation by keeping eggs warm at a particular
temperature range and in the correct humidity with tuning mechanism to hatch them.Irvines also produces
chicken.Poultry plucking machines are used in the industries.The picking machines consists of banks of
counter rotating stainless steel disks or drums with rubber fingers mounted on them.The birds are conveyed
through the rotating picker fingers ,the feathers are rubbed or plucked from carcass.Continuous water sprays
flush away features.
Technological entrepreneurship is a style of business leadership that involves identifying high-potential,
technology-intensive commercial opportunities, gathering resources such as talent and capital, and managing
rapid growth and significant risk using principled decision-making skills.For example Apple is the largest
personal computer vendor by unit sales and second largest mobile phone manufacture .It is an information
technology company applied in technopreneurship.Mobile phones use a microchip in the phone which is
modulated or varies a radio frequency using the electrical signal for communication throught the cell tower.
Technology ventures exploit breakthrough advances in science and engineering to develop better products
and services for customers.Use of electrolysis knowledge by different companies.This technique is used by
VIMMAX industrial co to produce kitchen ware and tools.The process uses ionic substance are
decomposed into simple substance by passing electric current.The electrolysis is used in the extraction and
purification of metals.Sable Chemicals also use this in technology to extract hydrogen gas which is used for
commercial production of chemicals like fertilizers.
The concept of technology entrepreneurship is an interesting proposition that aims to limit shortcomings and
develop innovativeness of small and medium enterprises through the engagement of commercial entities and
institutions of business environment into products and services distributed on market principles and
providing new values and desired benefits to clients for example Southern Fasteners and Supply produces
bolts nuts and other machined parts.They use bulk production machines like the lathe ,shaper and milling
machines .Cutting operations are made automatically for massive production
An industry or sector is the whole of all economic activities by companies, people, and organisations
involved in the production of goods and services for a particular field. Industries are usually categorised by
the goods and services they produce. All industries use material inputs from other sectors and factor inputs
from the general economy and convert them into a finished product using the production
process.Entrepreneurship has made its exceptional place in economics and business environments but the
situation has been changed. Today is the era where technology entrepreneurship has turn out to be an
important global portent. It is considered as essential for progression, distinction and a vital tool to attain
competitive benefit at organisational, local and national levels. It is a main key for any industry in order to
create advancements in socioeconomic and enhances the technology startup culture within the region.
Technology entrepreneurship is certainly becoming vital force in the contemporary globalising environment
as it delivers numerous opportunities and empowers effective optimisation of the resources which ultimately
leads to high profits. Technopreneurship aims at producing scientists and engineers who create new
products, industries, and markets. These scientists and engineers are productivity driven, technologically
capable and competitive at both the local and global markets. For a nation to emerge as a developed
economy, it must fully embrace and deliberately promote technopreneurship Technopreneurship combines
the risk factors associated with entrepreneuring with the ones due to the highly uncertain nature of
technologies development technopreneurship seems to entail both high potential future profits and high
uncertainty in companies and industries.
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