WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

1
 EVIDENCIA 2

Workshop “Products and services”

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE

SENA

APRENDIZ

DIANA CAROLINA TABARES

FICHA
2104858

PROGRAMA
TECNOLÓGO EN NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL
2020

WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

2
TABLE OF CONTENT
1) FIND THE MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPHS 1, 2, 9, 10, 11 AND 12, AND WRITE THEM
IN A PARAGRAPH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 TO 6
2) WRITE A SUMMARY OF TEN LINES FROM THE TEXT --------------------------------------- 6
3) CHOOSE A PARAGRAPH AND TRANSLATE IT WITH YOUR OWN WORDS ------------- 7
4) CHOOSE TEN WORDS FROM THE TEXT AND ORGANIZE THEM ALPHABETICALLY
LOOK FOR THE MEANING OF EACH WORD --------------------------------------------------- 7
5) MATCH THE TERM WITH THE CORRESPONDING MEANING ----------------------------- 8

WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

3
FIND THE MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPHS 1, 2, 9, 10, 11 AND 12, AND WRITE THEM IN A
PARAGRAPH

PARAGRAPH ONE

Three factors combine to reshape the foundations of the modern economy. First, the digital
revolution dramatically augments the reach, flexibility and agility of companies, big and
small, creating new economic actors, such as ‘micro-multinationals’: technology-intensive
companies that are born global. Second, international competition draws millions of new
workers and consumers into what is increasingly a ‘race to the top’, rather than a ‘race to
the bottom’, with emerging countries becoming champions of innovation, engineering
ingenuity and skills acquisition. Third, cultural and structural trends change the nature of
socio-economic interactions by transforming people’s aspirations and preferences, such as
the expectation of instant gratification offered by one-click services or the seamless
interoperability between products and electronic devices.

PARAGRAPH TWO
BLURRING LINES BETWEEN PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

A pronounced distinction between product and service markets is fictitious: value creation
and innovation increasingly take place at their intersection. Business-related services are
often decisive in making products attractive to the consumer and they generate most of the
value added in growth and employment.

PARAGRAPH NINE
THE DIGITAL CAR
Cars have become computers on wheels. Software is revolutionising the car industry, until
recently one of the most traditional and hierarchically organized industries in the world. For
example, Tesla – a company founded as recently as 2003 - has shown that there is no reason
why a technology company cannot become a car company, with the design coming from
California, modules being delivered by suppliers from around the world and the final
product being put together in contract factories. Electronics and automation have become
key components of the assembly line.

WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

4
PARAGRAPH TEN
COMPETITION IN THE HIGHER VALUE-ADDED SEGMENT

In spite of the slowdown of growth in emerging markets, the next decades are likely to be
marked by a continued convergence process. As emerging countries move up the value
chain, they increasingly rival producers and service suppliers from advanced economies.
Instead of developing powerful industrial sectors locally, they can now leapfrog more
advanced economies by adopting the latest technologies and sourcing products and
services globally. As a result, OECD countries’ share in world manufacturing dropped from
82% in 1990 to 56% in 2013 (Figure 3, p. 4).

Tellingly, China’s 12th Five-Year Plan for 2011-2015 explicitly shifts the focus to R&D and
high-end manufacturing and services. This means that China and Europe will increasingly
compete in the same markets, such as clean energy, aerospace, telecom equipment or
broadband networks. Studies have shown that the complementarity of European and
Chinese export offers has dropped from 85% in 2000 to 65% in 2010, which means that 35%
of exports tended to overlap, compared to only 15% ten years earlier.5 Intensifying global
competition means that competitive advantages are more fluid than they used to be,
requiring dynamic approaches to competitiveness and productivity.

PARAGRAPH ELEVEN

BEHAVIOURAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE

The rationale of the emerging new economy is greatly influenced by ongoing cultural and
structural shifts, some of which are induced by technology, while others result from broader
societal trends. Their effect is profound, from the changing nature of work and its growing
fluidity to the emergence of a sharing economy. In particular, the consumer and user
perspectives – already central to current economic relations – will become dominant even
in business-to-business transactions.

Products are increasingly tailored to individual consumers’ needs and desires through
processes such as ‘additive manufacturing’. Consumers will move from being objects of
economic exchanges to active agents. This trend is already underway, as exemplified by the
growing importance of ‘prosumers’. To illustrate, the energy system is shifting from a
centralised, supplyside approach to a demand-oriented model. New digital products and
technologies are progressively modernising the energy system by easing the way for a novel
nexus between production, transportation, distribution and consumption. Increasingly,
energy will become a service and not just a supplied commodity, providing new
opportunities for energy service providers and aggregators, and giving life to new digital

WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

5
products, such as smart meters. These developments will transform the business model of
energy utilities, bringing new, innovative and disruptive companies to the fore.

These three factors – digitisation, globalisation and socio-cultural transformations –

combine to produce a more versatile, creative and interactive economy where value
increasingly lies in the interoperability between products and services. Combining
products and services has become the new normal as design, marketing, insurance and
after-sale servicing are inseparable parts of the offering that the consumer demands and
expects. As a result, manufacturing firms have incorporated strong service components into
the way they operate while services firms have sought to benefit from economies of scale,
traditionally more characteristic of the manufacturing world. Business models that
contribute to the integration of products and services are increasingly crucial for
competitiveness and productivity.

PARAGRAPH TWELVE
FROM STATIC TO INTERACTIVE

The fusion of product and service markets will continue to have a profound impact. The
world economy will move from static products and services to smart and interactive ones.
This means that new ways need to be explored with respect to the design and labelling of
products. Products are becoming ‘smarter’, more capable of autonomously addressing and
responding to evolving consumers’ needs.

‘Smart’ coffee machines, for example, have built-in sensors that automatically signal to the
local brand store the need for repair. The user therefore does not only purchase a product
a coffee machine – but also a service, the promise of maintenance whenever necessary.

WRITE A SUMMARY OF TEN LINES FROM THE TEXT

The modern economy is having substantial changes in many aspects, digital evolution has
drastically increased the scope, flexibility and agility of small and large companies.
Technology is transforming the way we interact and communicate by putting new skills at
hand for each situation.
The products and services in the market must be attractive for the consumer and generate
the majority of the added value in growth and employment. New technologies allow the
creation of different tools, through innovation it is now possible to mangle mobile phones
from a computer. Technology plays an important role in the development of small and large
companies in the future.

WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

6
CHOOSE A PARAGRAPH AND TRANSLATE IT WITH YOUR OWN WORDS

Three factors combine to reshape the foundations of the modern economy. First, the digital
revolution dramatically augments the reach, flexibility and agility of companies, big and
small, creating new economic actors, such as ‘micro-multinationals’: technology-intensive
companies that are born global. Second, international competition draws millions of new
workers and consumers into what is increasingly a ‘race to the top’, rather than a ‘race to
the bottom’, with emerging countries becoming champions of innovation, engineering
ingenuity and skills acquisition. Third, cultural and structural trends change the nature of
socio-economic interactions by transforming people’s aspirations and preferences, such as
the expectation of instant gratification offered by one-click services or the seamless
interoperability between products and electronic devices.

Tres factores se combinan para remodelar los cimientos de la economía moderna. En primer
lugar, la revolución digital aumenta drásticamente el alcance, la flexibilidad y la agilidad de
las empresas, grandes y pequeñas, creando nuevos actores económicos, como las
"microempresas multinacionales": empresas intensivas en tecnología que nacen globales.
En segundo lugar, la competencia internacional atrae a millones de nuevos trabajadores y
consumidores a lo que cada vez es más una "carrera hacia la cima" que una "carrera hacia
abajo", y los países emergentes se convierten en campeones de la innovación, el ingenio
ingenieril y la adquisición de habilidades. En tercer lugar, las tendencias culturales y
estructurales cambian la naturaleza de las interacciones socioeconómicas al transformar las
aspiraciones y preferencias de las personas, como la expectativa de gratificación
instantánea ofrecida por los servicios de un solo clic o la interoperabilidad perfecta entre
productos y dispositivos electrónicos.

CHOOSE TEN WORDS FROM THE TEXT AND ORGANIZE THEM ALPHABETICALLY. LOOK FOR
THE MEANING OF EACH WORD:

✓ CONSUMERS: Consumidores.
✓ DRAMATICALLY: Dramáticamente.
✓ EMERGING: Emergentes.
✓ INTEROPEBILITY: Interoperabilidad.
✓ OFFERED: Ofrecido.
✓ SUCH: Tal.
✓ SEAMLESS: Sin costura.
✓ TRENDS: Tendencias
✓ THE REACH: El alcance
✓ RATHER: Más bien

WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

7
MATCH THE TERM WITH THE CORRESPONDING MEANING

a Client Things created by projects.

b Solution A series of tasks to be done in a specified sequence.
c Engagement A customer.
d Project Products and services that solve a client’s problem.
e Deliverable An agreement between client-service provider.

a Client A customer.
b Solution Products and services that solve a client’s problem.
c Engagement A series of tasks to be done in a specified sequence.
d Project Things created by projects.
e Deliverable An agreement between client-service provider.

WORKSHOP “Products and Services” NEGOCIACIÓN INTERNACIONAL

8