CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Employment status is one of the major factors influencing the quality of work. Manpower

contributes to building a productive nation (Galila-Infante et.al, 2014). Employment of students after

graduation can be determined by how the expected student outcomes were achieved. Thus, educational

institutions’ designed curriculum and its implementation are factors for achieving student outcomes

(Terano, 2019). Both domestic and international labor markets are now highly competitive. The

potential of future employment is a big factor for parents when deciding which universities and colleges

their children will attend and graduate from. Employability, thus, becomes a matter of crucial

consideration when schools define their curriculum and their policies on recruitment, entrance, and

retention. (Albina et al., 2020).

According to the Philippine Statistic Authority, Employment rate in July 2022 in Bicol Region

was estimated at 94.8%, translating to about 2.36 million employed persons. This was higher compared

to the reported employment rate of 91.6% in July 2021 or a year-on-year increase of about 166.8

thousand employed persons from 2.19 million in July 2021. The region's unemployment rate

decelerated from the reported 8.4% a year ago to 5.2% in July 2022. The total number of unemployed

individuals 15 years old and over was estimated at 130.67 thousand. Underemployed persons or

employed persons who expressed their desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to

have an additional job was reported at 459.23 thousand.

1
 The standard of the obtained results is a key component of quality in higher education.

Advantages from higher education include developing competencies and abilities connected to the

workplace that equip students for employment. Therefore, having sufficient knowledge about the job

outcomes of training program graduates could help in developing policies to address issues like

unemployment. Students, particularly graduates of any course, are required to earn a sense of

competence in their field of interest and develop the confidence to explore new possibilities and new

employment especially if there is increasing competition among rivals at work. (Ashenafi Abate Woya,

2019)

Bicol University is one of the prominent higher education institutions in the Bicol Region, Philippines.

The university aims to produce graduates who are equipped with knowledge, skills, and values that will

prepare them for their chosen careers. However, the employment status of these graduates after

graduation is still uncertain.

The employment status of graduates is a significant concern for higher education institutions

worldwide. The employability of graduates is a key indicator of the effectiveness of the education

system. It is also a crucial factor in the economic development of a country. Hence, understanding the

employment status of graduates is crucial for policymakers, educators, and students.

The findings of this study will provide insights into the employability of Bicol University graduates. It

will also identify the factors that affect the employment status of graduates, such as skills, training, and

networking. The results of this study will be useful in improving the quality of education and enhancing

the career prospects of Bicol University graduates.

Bicol University is a state university that offers various undergraduate and graduate programs in

different fields, such as engineering, education, business, and health sciences. Its graduates are expected

2
to be competent and competitive in the job market. However, there is a need to assess whether the

university's programs are aligned with the needs of the industries and the job market.

The employment status of graduates is a crucial aspect of the university's performance. It reflects the

quality of education and the graduates' readiness to face the challenges of the real world. Therefore, it is

essential to monitor the employment status of graduates to determine the effectiveness of the

university's programs and to identify areas for improvement.

The Bicol University has to move forward to SUC Level V if it aims to be comparable to the

best universities in Asia. Grounded on these legal foundations, it is expected to support the primary

mandate of State Universities and Colleges that is, to produce the required human resource for regional

and national development. It envisions giving rise to highly trained, globally competitive, and

employable graduates in various fields. It should continuously innovate to effectively respond to the

needs of its clients and immediate environment. In this manner, the University assures that its graduates

follow through with the university’s missions and goals through tracing their professional practice in

their workplace. This data is useful for the university’s database as an essential input to institutional

planning, policy formation, and decision-making (Theme 6: Improving University Management

Services, BU RD Thrusts and Directions 2007-2010). As guided by these facts, the researcher

conducted this research and came up with a study that would help in preventing the spread of the virus

inside the Bicol University College of Industrial Technology, East Campus. This study is entitled, “:

Employment Status of the Graduates of Bicol University Industrial Technology East Campus,

Philippines” This study was conducted to determine the employment status of the

graduates of Bicol University College of Industrial Technology East Campus from AY 2021-

2022.Specifically, it aimed to determine: 1) What is Employment Status of University Graduates? 2)

what are the factors affecting the employment status of Bicol University College of Industrial

3
Technology; (3 ) What are the factors that affects the employment status of Bicol University Industrial

Technology graduates? (4)What recommendations that may be provided to sustain high employment

rate of graduates in Bicol University Industrial Technology.

This study will use a survey questionnaire to gather data from the graduates of Bicol University.

The survey will be distributed to the graduates who have completed their programs in the past five

years. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage

distribution.

The findings of this study will be beneficial to the university, policymakers, and the industry.

The university can use the results to assess its programs and improve its curriculum. Policymakers can

use the findings to align the education system with the needs of the industry and the job market. The

industry can use the results to identify potential employees and provide relevant training and

development programs.

In conclusion, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the employment status of the

graduates of Bicol University. It will generate insights into the graduates' employability, job acquisition,

relevance of their jobs to their field of study, and salary ranges. The results of this study will contribute

to the improvement of the quality of education and the enhancement of the career prospects of Bicol

University graduates.

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed determine the employment status of the graduates of Bicol University

College of Industrial Technology East Campus from AY 2021-2022.

The development of the study was made by the researchers to solve the following specific

problems:

4
 1. What is the employment Status of Bicol University Graduates?

2. What are the factors that affects the employment status of Bicol University Industrial

Technology graduates?

3. What is the common factor that affects the employment status of Bicol University Industrial

Technology?

4. What recommendations may be provided to sustain high employment rate of graduates in Bicol

University Industrial Technology?

Scope and Delimitation

The study will focus on graduates of Bicol University from the academic years 2019-2022. The research

will cover graduates from Industrial Technology program. The study will examine the graduates'

employment status within the first year after graduation. The research will collect data through a survey

questionnaire, which will be administered to graduates of Bicol University through online platforms.

However, the study will not cover graduates who have chosen to pursue further studies immediately

after graduation. The research will not explore into the job satisfaction and career growth of employed

graduates. The study will not investigate the factors affecting non-employment, such as personal

reasons or career choices. Lastly, the research will not include graduates who are not able to participate

in the survey due to personal reasons or lack of access to online platforms.

Significance of the Study

The researcher believe that the findings and conclusion of the said study will be essential,

significant and beneficial to the following:

Bicol university Department. This will help them determine the strengths and weaknesses of

the students based on the responses of the graduates. It will also help to determine what specific areas

5
they should focus more and further enhance in order to make the program more responsive towards

preparing the students for their future professions.

Students. This will help them realize whether the knowledge and skills developed in the

program would be useful to them in their future careers. It will also encourage them to appreciate and

pursue their course.

Graduates. This will help them to have insights about the present status of their batch mates and

for them to keep in touch and to have updates to them through knowing their employment status.

Bicol university College of Industrial Technology. This will help the college track graduates

with the use of the database. This will also help the college in improving the course’s curriculum

through the recommendation of the graduates.

Researchers. This will teach them to value time, patience and hard work. They will also become

more sensitive and knowledgeable about the profession they are studying.

Future researchers. This will serve as a guide or reference in their future studies on the subject

matter. This will also help them to continue tracer study in the future.

6
 NOTES
Albina et.al (2014), “Employability tracer study of Information Technology Education graduates from a
state university in the Philippines” Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291120300449

Galila-Infante et.al, 2014 “Employment Status of the Graduates of Guimaras State College, Philippines”
Retrieved from: https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=2687

PSAR (2022), “Employment Rate in July 2022 in Bicol Region”, Retrieved from:
http://rsso05.psa.gov.ph/article/employment-rate-july-2022-bicol-region-estimated-
948#:~:text=Employment%20rate%20in%20July%202022%20in%20Bicol%20Region%20was
%20estimated,2.19%20million%20in%20July%202021.

Terano, H. J. R. (2018, November). Development and effectiveness of the simplified textbook in

advanced mathematics for engineering programs in one state college in the philippines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES, 23(1-3). Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2018/23.1-3.1069 doi:10.31901/24566322.2018/23.1-3.1069

Woya, A. A. (2019, January). Employability among statistics graduates: Graduates’ attributes,

competence, and quality of education. Education Research International, 2019, 1–7. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7285491 doi: 10.1155/2019/7285491

7
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the number of reading materials, related literature and studies which

contribute to the present study or research. It contains information on the summary of gathered and

reviewed reading materials and literature associated with the present study, previous studies carried out,

synthesis of the state of the art, and gap bridged by the study are likewise presented. The theoretical and

conceptual paradigms and the definition of terms are also included.

Related Literature

The researchers conducted and gathered information of past literature and studies which showed

related ideas to the present study. After reading and searching the worldwide web, different books, and

reading articles related to the present study, the researcher were able to collect various data. They were

taken into consideration and served as basis and guide for the researchers. In this part of the study, the

similarities and differences of selected literature and studies to the present study can be distinguished.

8
 According to Arcelo and Sanyal (1987) about Employment and career opportunities after

graduation: a study on the transition from college to work in the Philippines, the presence of a large

number of knowledgeable unemployed can cause political instability in a country because

they are among the educated class and are aware of the benefits society can provide or feel

doubly deprived. An analysis of the unemployment situation in the Philippines revealed that young

graduates are still in the job-search stage. This book is for AB Journalism graduates who will be looking

for work after they graduate. Also, whether or not the journalism program's training and learning will be

applied to jobs that are suitable for them.

From the book of Sanchez and Agpaoa (1997) about Contemporary Social Problems and Issues,

stated that Workers' educational levels and literacy rates in the Philippines are among the highest in

Asia, but technical, manual, and managerial skills are underdeveloped and scarce. There is an

overabundance of college graduates, particularly in the Manila area, who are in high demand for

employment in fields such as education, law, and other professionals. The authors want to demonstrate

how journalism graduates used their skills and trainings to gain and develop technical, manual, and

managerial skills that Filipino workers lack. This is the realization that even college graduates may

struggle to find work if they are not well-equipped with the trainings and programs that their college

provided.

Employment is the ability of an individual to showcase his talent and put the trainings he has

received in a course program to use. Thomas Powers stated in his book "Educating for Careers" those

marketable skills provided today's crop of worker's employment opportunities. Powers' statement is

relevant to the current study because he stated that education is critical to having the marketability and

general skills required to find an appropriate job. This study aids in the development of such skills

among college graduates in order for them to find or obtain an appropriate job.

9
 The Philippines could extend beyond the status of employment in the country, but rights and

significance must be understood. According to Cristobal M. Pagoso's book Labor Economics, in light of

low literacy rates and rising unemployment in developing countries, greater educational opportunities

should be provided for the large proportion of adult population as well as the large number of youths

outside the formal school system to help them acquire further knowledge and skill, thereby improving

their livelihood and strengthening the country. As ABM students, one thing we must keep in mind is

that there is no such thing as age discrimination when it comes to job opportunities, because in the field

of work, being fair to any person who is capable of working is a factor in being employed.

In terms of labor or employment, Philippine society today faces numerous challenges.

According to the book, labor-only contracting in a "cabo" economy, some economists would justify

labor-only contracting as our only weapon for remaining competitive. As a result, some workers are

looking for better job opportunities abroad with higher pay. The first issue that graduates face nowadays

is finding work after graduation. Knowing that it is very difficult to find a job suitable to their graduated

course right away after graduation may cause them to be influenced to work in a field unrelated to the

profession, they graduated for the usual reason of the salary that they can obtain right away. Some go

abroad to find their destiny or for some other reason, such as a higher salary, rather than continuing their

profession as an accountant if there is no salary increase.

The book, Unemployment and the Dual Labor Market stressed that the unemployment is the

outgrowth of a process of job search where workers have limited information about the labor market.

On the other hand, people who first begin looking for jobs lack basic information will help the graduates

to disseminate the rejection of jobs to higher expectations. This book mainly wants to view that job

searching is a wide-process action where in job-seekers should gain more knowledge or information that

will reaches their satisfaction on what and where to find jobs that will bring out their profession.

10
 The review of related literature highlights the challenges that graduates face in finding

employment after graduation. One key issue is the oversupply of college graduates in certain fields such

as education and law, leading to high competition for jobs in these areas. Furthermore, graduates may

lack the technical, manual, and managerial skills that employers seek. The study emphasizes the

importance of marketable skills, which are critical to finding suitable employment. Education is a vital

factor in acquiring these skills, which can improve livelihood and strengthen the country's economy.

The study recognizes the need to provide greater educational opportunities for adults and youths outside

the formal school system. The book, Unemployment and the Dual Labor Market, underscores the

importance of gaining basic information about the labor market to improve job search outcomes. The

study encourages graduates to gain more knowledge and information about job opportunities to enhance

their chances of finding employment in their field of study. Overall, the review of related literature

highlights the complexities of the labor market and the challenges that graduates face in securing

suitable employment.

Related studies

According to the study of Jun, 2016 about Factors Affecting Employment and Unemployment

for Fresh Graduates in China said that the factors such as college reputation, major, and gender, which

affect job search prospects of graduates from Shandong Province in China. The employment of a

duration model with parametric, semiparametric, and nonparametric methods produced a number of

significant conclusions. First off, graduates from research universities tend to find jobs more quickly.

According to the analysis, graduates in engineering, economics, and management had an easier time

finding employment. Although they are not more likely to find jobs than the former, other major

11
graduates do not differ significantly from the former. Additionally, there is no discernible difference

between graduates of genders.

The study of Verona (2011) “A Tracer Study of the Employment Status of PUPQC AY 2004-

2005”, determined the general profile and current employment status of the respondents, who are

Polytechnic University of the Philippines graduates from the academic year 2004-2005. This study

focuses on the tracer study, which is a method used to locate graduates of academic institutions, past

recipients of scholarship grants, former participants, and others in order to collect data and update

information about these people. This type of research can also be used to generate or influence a

specific institution's curriculum development decision making and planning. It also regulates document

efficiency and support on a specific institution's demographic profile, which can be measured through

the quality of graduates.

According to Daep et al., "Employer's Review on AB English Graduates of Bicol University

College of Arts and Letters SY 2006-2009," the study shows that most AB English graduates are hired

by newly established private companies in Albay, employers of AB English graduates find their job

performance and attitude to be very satisfactory, it is more appropriate to use communication skills and

the skills that should be imposed depends on the line of work you engage in. The researchers want to

know if Bicol University East Campus graduates will be satisfied with their job performance, personal

development, professionalism, office management, and time management.

Macaraub's (2012) study about "Employment Motivation of Selected Media Practitioners in

Legazpi City," respondents were motivated to work because they had good relationships with their

coworkers. Media practitioners are among the lowest-paid workers and are exploited; some do not

receive a regular salary but instead receive an allowance or a talent fee, and are required to solicit

advertisements for a living. According to the findings of the study, some respondents stated that they are

12
satisfied with their jobs and are motivated by their coworkers. In addition, the monthly income they

receive and the type of workplace they work in satisfy them. It is relevant to the current study because

graduates will experience different types of satisfaction at work, such as providing good quality

coworker relationships.

La Grow (2004) conducted a study entitled “Factors that Affect the Employment Status of

Working-Age Adults with Visual Impairments in New Zealand” found out that the rates of employment

among people with disabilities in New Zealand were shown to be influenced by a variety of factors,

including gender, age at onset, type of disability, degree of disability, and the presence of other

disabling disorders. Lower rates of employment and labor were associated with early onset, degree of

disability, gender, being a woman, and the existence of multiple disabling conditions.

“On employability skills, majority are efficient on disassembling and assembling firearms and

knowledgeable on collecting, preservation and handling of evidence” said by the researchers Ruiz et.al

(2014). According to the report, the majority of respondents held regular or permanent jobs. Graduates

might be found working in the private sector. Many of those who were employed less than a year after

graduating had occupations that are connected to the program. Graduates who reported being

unemployed cited family or health issues as their reasons. They made an unsuccessful attempt to join

the police. Graduates struggled to develop strong research-related questions.

Regarding interpersonal skills, the majority of respondents claimed to be adaptable and

successful at shifting circumstances and environments.

Force participation is the percentage of people with disabilities who are either employed or

actively looking for work. Although the age of start and severity of the handicap were confounding

factors, it was nevertheless discovered that education level was associated to work status. It was

discovered that the type of handicap had a different impact on employment rates.

13
 "Tracer Survey of Agriculture Graduates," Lalican (2009), where the College of Agriculture of

the University of the Philippines Los Baos traced its graduates, their aim is also to assess its curriculum

and discuss the relevance of its productivity with the current situation. According to the study's findings,

employers prefer specialists over generalists, and graduates are effective, efficient, and cooperative.

They also consider graduates to be knowledgeable, dependable, and resourceful; however, many

employers describe UPLB graduates as academically inclined, with a know-it-all attitude but an

assertive personality.

A Job market offers job trainings to equip employers to develop work environment. Belen,

“Employment Prospects for AB English Graduates of 2009” The research aims to determine the job

opportunities available for 2009 AB English graduates, as well as the qualifications required from AB

English graduates that would give them an advantage in the job market in terms of academic skills and

special skills. It is also about determining the training requirements of the job market for AB English

graduates. The authors' findings will reflect the idea that in order for general skills to be functional in

high-demand jobs, special skills are required to enhance specific job skills. As a result, graduates will

improve their competitiveness and develop their potential to be suitable for a specific job.

The reviewed studies provide valuable insights into the factors affecting employment and job

performance of graduates from different fields and backgrounds. Jun's study highlights the importance

of college reputation, major, and gender in determining job search prospects, while Verona's tracer

study emphasizes the significance of data collection and curriculum development in assessing the

quality of graduates. Daep et al.'s research delves into employer satisfaction with AB English graduates,

focusing on communication skills and job performance. Macaraub's study examines employment

motivation among media practitioners, emphasizing the role of coworker relationships and workplace

satisfaction. La Grow's study explores the impact of disability on employment rates, identifying gender,

14
age, and degree of disability as significant factors. Ruiz et al.'s research focuses on the employability

skills of graduates in the fields of law enforcement and forensic science. Finally, Lalican's tracer survey

of agriculture graduates underscores the importance of specialization and cooperation in the job market,

while Belen's study highlights the need for special skills to enhance general skills and improve

graduates' competitiveness in high-demand jobs. Overall, these studies provide useful insights for

policymakers, educators, and employers seeking to improve employment outcomes for graduates.

Synthesis of the State of the Art

In this study, the authors have compiled a comprehensive overview of the current state of

knowledge regarding employment and career opportunities for graduates. They have gathered evidence

from various studies and books to support their argument that finding suitable employment post-

graduation is a significant challenge for many young adults. The authors have specifically focused on

the situation in the Philippines, where there is an abundance of college graduates but a shortage of

technical, manual, and managerial skills. They have suggested that journalism graduates could leverage

their skills to acquire and develop these necessary skills. Furthermore, the authors have emphasized the

importance of providing more educational opportunities to the adult population and youths outside the

formal school system to enhance their livelihoods and benefit the country. The authors have also

discussed various factors that impact job search prospects, such as college reputation, major, and

15
gender, and the significance of conducting a tracer study to update graduate information and inform

curriculum development decision-making.

Gap-bridged by the Study

The study bridges the gap by examining the employment status of Industrial Technology

graduates of Bicol University, with a focus on how their training and skills are applied to their chosen

career paths. It addresses the issue of high unemployment rates among college graduates in the region,

as well as the overabundance of college graduates with underdeveloped technical, manual, and

managerial skills. The study also draws from past literature and studies on employment and

unemployment, highlighting the importance of education and marketable skills in finding suitable jobs.

Additionally, it takes into account factors affecting job search prospects, such as college reputation,

major, and gender. Overall, the study aims to provide insights on how Industrial Technology graduates

can successfully transition from college to work and contribute to the development of the country.

Theoretical Framework

According to John Holland's Career Choice Theory, when a person picks a career, they search

for jobs where they may work with others who share their interests. This study is based on this theory.

They look for environments where they may showcase their greatest qualities, talents, and skills while

also being themselves. Six (6) personality types have been established by Holland's theory: realistic,

investigative, artistic, sociable, enterprising, and conventional. People are thought to fall into one of

these categories (Marini, 2009) Holland’s theory is centered on the notion that most people fit into one

of six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional.

A realistic type of person prefers activities where he is certain of what is real and possible

16
in a given situation and whenever problems arise, this type is capable of dealing with the problem in a

practical and effective way. On the other hand, this type may not like therapeutic activities and

education. The investigative type prefers activities which utilizes observation, creative investigation on

physical, cultural phenomena and biological in order to understand and control such phenomena.

Artistic has preference for activities that entail the manipulation of physical, verbal, or human materials

to create art forms or products, and to an aversion to explicit, systematic and ordered activities. Social

has preference for activities that entail the manipulation of others to inform, train, develop, cure, or

enlighten and an aversion to explicit, ordered, systematic activities involving materials, tools or

machines. Enterprising has preference for activities that entail the manipulation of other to attain

organizational goals or economic, and a version to observational, symbolic and systematic activities.

And conventional has preference for activities that entail the explicit, ordered, or systematic

manipulation of data, such as keeping records, filling materials, reproducing materials, organizing

written and numerical data according to a prescribed plan, operating business machines and data

processing machines to attain organizational or economic goals, and an aversion to ambiguous, free,

exploratory or unsystematized activities (Brown & Lent, 2005).

This holland theory of career choice applied in this present study since this theory maintains that

in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they can be around others who are like them. They search

for environments that will let them use their skills and abilities, and express their attitudes and values,

while taking on enjoyable problems and roles and with that; this theory will explain this presents study

since newly graduates are seeking for careers that can be fitted to their chosen fields that can also be one

of the factors of being employed or not employed person after graduation.

17
 Figure 1: Theoretical framework

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of this study is needed so that those who will see and read this study

can easily interpret objectively the processes in their search study. The inputs gathered by the

researchers of this study cover the concepts and information based from the employment status of the

respondents, factors and common factors that affects employment status of the respondents.

18
 The feedback of this study included the input, throughput, and output of the study. The

throughput of this study consisted of the step-by-step process such as, making survey, letter of

designation, data gathering, data analyzing.

The output of this study was the overall processes that will come up with the study, which is the

Employment Status of Bicol University College of Industrial Technology Graduates.

The conceptual paradigm of the study is presented in Figure 2.

1. Employment Status
1.Making survey
2.Factors affect
Employment Status of Bicol
employment status 2.Letter of designation University college of
3.Common factors 3.Data gathering Industrial Technology
affect Employment Graduates
Status 4.Data analyzing

Figure 2: Conceptual framework

Definitions of terms

Bicol University Graduates. In the study, it refers to the Bicol University College of Industrial

Technology batche 2022 who satisfactorily completed the requirements of the four-year course, and

they were used as the subject of the study.

Demographic profile. It refers to a form of demographic analysis in which information is

gathered about a group to better understand the group's composition or behaviors for the purpose of

19
 providing more relevant services. In business, a demographic profile is usually used to increase

marketing efficiency.

Employed. It refers to the given employment, or paid work; hired, especially permanently by

inclusion on a payroll:

Employment profile. It refers to essentially a list of skills, qualifications, and personality traits

that your ideal recruit would have. You can think of it as a candidate persona.

Evaluation. It refers to the structured interpretation and giving of meaning to predicted or actual

impacts of proposals or results. It looks at original objectives, and at what is either predicted or what

was accomplished and how it was accomplished. So evaluation can be formative, that is taking place

during the development of a concept or proposal, project or organization, with the intention of

improving the value or effectiveness of the proposal, project, or organization.

Job. It refers to a piece of work, especially a specific task done as part of the routine of one's

occupation or for an agreed price

Unemployed. It refers to a situation where a person actively searches for employment but is

unable to find work. Unemployment is considered to be a key measure of the health of the economy.

Notes

Arcelo et al..(1987), Employment and career opportunities after graduation: a study on the transition
from college to work in the
Philippines,Retrieved:https://www.iiep.unesco.org/en/publication/employment-and-career-
opportunities-after-graduation-study-transition-college-work

Galila-Infante et.al, (2014)“Employment Status of the Graduates of Guimaras State College, Philippines”
Retrieved from: https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=2687

20
Kapunan,(2011) A Tracer Study of The Employment Status of PUPQC AY 2004-2005 Retrieved
From:https://www.scribd.com/doc/50720521/A-Tracer-Study-of-the-Employment-Status-of-
PUPQC-AY-2004-2005#

Kong Jun (2016), “Factors Affecting Employment and Unemployment for Fresh Graduates in China”
Retrieved from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/56148

Pagoso (2006), LABOR ECONOMICS Retrieved from: https://www.rexestore.com/economics-college-

books/288-labor-economics.html

Sanchez and Barbado (1997), Contemporary social problems and issues Retrieved from:
https://animosearch.dlsu.edu.ph/discovery/fulldisplay?
vid=63DLSUL_INST:ANIMOSEARCH&search_scope=physicalmaterials&tab=physicalmaterial
s&docid=alma991001125329706351&context=L

Steven La Grow(2004),“Factors that Affect the Employment Status of Working-Age Adults with visual
impairments in NewZealand”Retrieved Fromhttps://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ735502.pdf

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the research and the study of the course undertaken and method that will

give detailed information of the overall research method used. The relevance of the study will be found

also in this chapter wherein the data, respondents of the study and the gathering procedures used.

21
Research Methods

The researcher made use of the descriptive survey method through. It is a way of finding out or

getting information through asking questions or using a questionnaire. Through this survey method of

research was able to find out whether the Bicol University College of Industrial Technology student

batch 2022 graduates used their graduated profession or career in their present job or if they are

employed in connection to their line of business. It will be able to know the current employment status

of the graduates and lastly, it will be seen the problems and the reasons of graduates in choosing the job,

their benefits and salary that they get and the expectations to their job.

Sources of Data

The Bicol University College of Industrial Technology batch 2022 graduates are the primary

sources of data where in the researcher will send questionnaire for them answer the questions given. In

addition, the secondary sources of information are the books, Journals, unpublished materials and any

other reading resources containing the discussions related to the present study found in the library and

by the use of the internet sources.

Respondents of the Study

The fifty respondents who were the primary sources of data are graduates of Bicol University

College of Industrial Technology batch 2022. The profile such as age, gender, civil status and

educational attainment were primarily considered in the given questionnaire, as they will relate to the

response, that will serve as indicators provided in the instrument. Respondents identified by the

researchers using purposive sampling among the graduate students in Bicol University – College of

Industrial Technology, who fitted the criteria set for the current undertaking. It is not a mutually

22
exclusive category of the sampling technique rather many other non-probability techniques are

purposive in nature. In purposive sampling the sample is approached having a prior purpose in mind.

Research Instruments

This study will use a survey questionnaire in the data gathering procedure. The questionnaires

were designed based on the statement of the problem that the researcher will be formulated. The

questionnaire is will composed of three sections. The first division is composed of the employment

status of respondents. The second part is composed of the factors affecting employment status of

respondents. The third part is composed of the Common factors affecting employment status of

respondents. The questions are tested if they are related and relevant in the success of the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The present study gathered data first in the library where the researchers were able to search for

the different reading materials that will help the study to gather information. The related literature and

studies that were taken from the secondary sources were gathered in different websites and books that

are available.

The researcher will request the registrar for the information about the lists of the graduates of

Bicol University College of Industrial technology graduates. This will help to trace the graduates by the

use of the directory. The researcher will also use the social media/ internet sites such as Facebook. This

enabled them to easily contact target respondents. The researcher will also conduct a survey and gather

data through sending questionnaires with a cover letter. E-mail was utilized for those respondents who

are currently working and residing outside the province of Albay. However, for those who live within

Legazpi City, the researcher will give the questionnaire personally. After the survey, the researcher will

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interpret and analyze the data that will be obtain from Bicol University College of Industrial technology

batch 2022 graduates.

Statistical Treatment

The researcher summarized the data though frequency counts and percentages to answer the

problems 1,2 and 3 of the study. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in order to get the

percentage. The percentage was used to determine the portion of the graduates of each year including on

their status, along employment.

The formula to get the percentage is shown below.

Percentage = f x 100

∑f

Where f = frequency

∑f = summation of frequency

100= constant

NOTES
Tech Welkin Tools ‘what is percentage “,Retrieved techwelkin.com/tools-what percent

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 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

In this chapter presents the employment status of Bicol University College of Industrial

Technology batch 2022 graduates. The Employment profile which includes the Employment status,

factors affecting employment status and the recommendations may be provided to sustain high

employment rate of graduates in Bicol University Industrial Technology.

Employment Status

Figure 1. Employment Status of Bicol University College of Industrial Technology Graduates

Figure 1 above shows the employment status of Bicol University College of Industrial
Technology batch 2022 graduates. The graph shows that sixty percent (60%) are employed, eighteen
percent (18%) are unemployed, twelve percent (12%) self-employed. Under Self-employed, graduates
have their own business, some of them are engaged in online content writing and some deal with their

25
own professional practice and some are service oriented. Lastly the ten percent (10%) are having
fulltime taking other courses to pursue.
As the graph presented, it shows that Bicol University College of Industrial Technology batch
2022 graduates have high percentage of employment. Out of fifty (50) respondents, thirty (30) of them
are employed.

Factors Affecting Employment Status

Figure 2. Factors Affecting Employment Status

According to the graph shown above, several factors listed by the researchers, there are
seventeen (17) respondents said that one factor affecting their employment status is the employment
rate. Since the minimum wage in region 5 Bicol is only three hundred sixty-five, some job seekers are
looking for the company paying above the minimum wage as the company look for the qualifications.
Second, there is eleven (11) respond in work experience. Third, there is eight (8) respondents saying
that they can't meet company qualification. Forth, there are seven (7) saying that they have skill
shortage. Fifth, there are three (3) respondents said that geographic location is a factor that affects their

26
employment status. Sixth, two (2) respondents said that seasonal employment fluctuation affects them.
Lastly, there is one (1) respondent that has a personal reason that affects his/her employment status.

In the graph presented above state that the most common factors that affects employment status
of Bicol University Graduates of batch 2022 is the Employment rate that gains 35% after gathering the
data.

Recommendations

As factors affecting employment status exist, there are recommendations given by the
respondents that might help to sustain high employment rate of graduates in Bicol University Industrial
Technology. The recommendation of respondents are listed below:

1. Training and seminar

2. Effort acknowledgement
3. Hear out opinions
4. Provide incentives
5. Better salary
6. Monthly training and team building
7. Upgrade curriculum
8. Need to put some business
9. Keep learning
10. Seek for the skills
11. Be flexible
12. New curriculum guide
13. Lower company qualifications
14. Put some new project to create new opportunities
15. Learning to recognized efforts of worker

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 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study

based on the results discussed in the previous chapter.

Summary

The primary objective of this study was to generate insights into the graduates' employability,

job acquisition, relevance of their jobs to their field of study, and salary ranges. The results of this study

will contribute to the improvement of the quality of education and the enhancement of the career

prospects of Bicol University graduates.

Specifically, researchers sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the employment

Status of Bicol University Graduates? 2. What are the factors that affects the employment status of

Bicol University Industrial Technology graduates? 3. What is the common factor that affects the

employment status of Bicol University Industrial Technology? 4. What recommendations may be

provided to sustain high employment rate of graduates in Bicol University Industrial Technology?.

Findings

This study presented the employment status of Bicol University College of Industrial

Technology graduates batch 2022. This research is the primary method to distinguish the employment

status of the graduates and identifying whether the skills gained in the college is used or not. With this

matter, it will help the researchers to modify the subjects and other activities that were least relevant to

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the field of work; and continue to improve the subjects, school activities or seminars that are significant

to their job.

Findings

From the analysis of data, findings show:

1. In terms of employment status of Bicol University College of Industrial Technology graduates,

there is sixty percent (60%) are employed, eighteen percent (18%) are unemployed, twelve

percent (12%) self-employed. Under Self-employed, graduates have their own business, some of

them are engaged in online content writing and some deal with their own professional practice

and some are service oriented. Lastly the ten percent (10%) are having fulltime taking other

courses to pursue.

2. Several factors listed by the researchers, there are seventeen (17) respondents said that one
factor affecting their employment status is the employment rate. Second, there is eleven (11)
respond in work experience. Third, there is eight (8) respondents saying that they can't meet
company qualification. Forth, there are seven (7) saying that they have skill shortage. Fifth, there
are three (3) respondents said that geographic location is a factor that affects their employment
status. Sixth, two (2) respondents said that seasonal employment fluctuation affects them. Lastly,
there is one (1) respondent that has a personal reason that affects his/her employment status.
3. The most common factors affecting employment status is Employment rate with thirty-five

percent (35%).

4. Recommendations given by the respondents that might help to sustain high employment rate of

graduates in Bicol University Industrial Technology. The recommendation of respondents are

Training and seminar, Effort acknowledgement, Hear out opinions, Provide incentives, Better

salary, Monthly training and team building, Upgrade curriculum, Need to put some business,

Keep learning, Seek for the skills, Be flexible, New curriculum guide, Lower company

29
 qualifications, Put some new project to create new opportunities and Learning to recognized

efforts of worker .

Conclusions

Based on the findings revealed in the study, the researchers arrived at the following

conclusions:

1. There is high Employment Status of Bicol university College of Industrial Technology with the

sixty percent (60%) employed graduates.

2. The most common factors affecting employment status is Employment rate with thirty-five

percent (35%).

3. The common recommendation of graduates to sustain high employment rate of graduates in

Bicol University Industrial Technology is to have trainings and seminars.

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