Name: ____________________ Date: ______________

From Elements to Compounds

 Recall: Only the valence shell is important when looking at how

elements react to form compounds. Therefore, we can use a simpler
diagram to represent atomic structure: Lewis Dot Diagrams

Steps for drawing Lewis Dot Diagrams

1) Draw the symbol of the element

2) Draw ONLY the valence electrons
Examples:

 Question: Why do compounds form?

Answer: Compounds form so that the elements within a compound can obtain
___________________________________________________________

 2 strategies can use to form compounds:

1)
2)

Strategy 1

 The first strategy of _________________ electrons results in the formation of an

_________________________
 ___________ compounds ALWAYS involve a ____________ and a ______________
(or a metal and polyatomic ion, which we’ll learn about later)

Why?

Example 1: Sodium + Chlorine Example 2: Aluminum + Oxygen

The metal ALWAYS becomes the _______________ charged ion or __________
The non-metal ALWAYS becomes the ______________charged ion or ________

The resulting _______________ between these oppositely charged ions results

in the formation of an _________________. This bond holds the ions together
in an _____________________________.

 Since elements in the same groups have the same _____________________

________________________ , they will need to lose or gain the same

number of __________________ in order to get a ___________________

 This number is called the _______________________

 It appears in the periodic table above the symbol for the element

What is the combining capacity for Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7?

Group Group Group Group Group Group Group

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Combining
Capacity

The combining capacity represents how many _____________ an atom of a particular

element can make within a compound.
Writing Names and Formulas for Simple Ionic Compounds

** We will use an example to explain the rules for naming simple ionic compounds **

Example: What are the name and formula for the ionic compound formed from
combining magnesium and chlorine?

Step1: Write the ____________ for the elements, with the metal first.

Step 2: Write the ionic charge (combining capacity) above each element

Step 3: Criss-cross the numbers, so that they now become subscripts

NOTE: The sum of the ionic charges MUST add up to ________

Check –

Step 4: The name of the compound is simply the name of the metal followed by
the name of the non-metal with the ending of the non-metal changed to “ide”

Name of compound:

Practice Questions

Write the formula for the following:

1. Sodium Fluoride- 2. Zinc Bromide-
3. Barium Iodide- 4. Aluminum Phosphide-

Write the name for the following:

1. BaS 2. CaCl2
3. Ra2N2 4. MgCl2
Writing Names and Formulas for Complex Ionic Compounds

 We need slightly different rules for naming the transition metals

 We will only deal with 6 of these “special metals”

This chart must be memorized!

Copper Iron Lead Mercury Tin Gold (Au)
(Cu) (Fe) (Pb) (Hg) (Sn)
Possible 1 +, 2 + 2 +, 3 + 2 +, 4 + 1 +, 2 + 2 +, 4 + 1 +, 3 +
Charges

 The only difference for naming compounds with these special metals is that we must use
a Roman numeral after the name of the metal to indicate which charge it has
 MATH REFRESHER: What are the Roman numerals for 1, 2, 3, and 4?

Example 1: What is the formula for the ionic compound iron (III) chloride?
Solution: If you’re given the name, it is easy to write the formula because the
Roman numeral tells you the charge on the metal
Therefore, you just use __________________:

You Try! Write the formula given the following names:

a) tin (IV) oxide d) copper (I) sulfide

b) mercury (II) iodide e) lead (IV) nitride
c) Iron (III) chloride f) tin (II) oxide

Example 2: What is the name of Fe2O3 ?

Solution:
1. Uncross the subscripts to determine the ionic charge ___________
2. Double check that the ionic charge on the non-metal matches what the
periodic table says it should be.
3. Write the name of the compound, remembering both the roman numeral and the
‘ide’ ending.

Example 3: What is the name of PbS2

Practice:
Name the following:
a) Be3N2
b) CaCl2
c) ScI3
d) AlBr3
e) Na3P

Write the formula for the following:

a) Sodium Flouride
b) Zinc Bromide
c) Lithium Chloride
d) Potassium Sulfide
e) Beryllium Arsenide

Transition Metals Compounds

Some metals able to form more than one kind of ion. Most of these are transition metals
which will have a different colour depending on the ionic charge they have.

Eg. Copper is white when it has an ionic charge of 1+ and yellow when it is 2+

They are named the same as other ionic compounds, except a Roman Numeral is added in
round brackets after the metal to indicate its ionic charge.

Eg 1. CuCl

1. Uncross the subscripts to determine the ______________ _______________

2. Double check that the ionic charge on the _________________ matches what the
periodic table says it should be.

Cl has an ionic charge of ____. Therefore the ionic charge of Cu is also ___.

3. Write the name of the compound, remembering both the ________________

_______________ and the _______ ending.
Eg2. SnO

Writing the formula, we follow the same rules as before but remember to use the Roman
Numeral in brackets as the ionic charge for the metal.

1. Lead (IV) Sulfide

2. Iron (III) Bromide

3. Tin (II) Iodide

4. PbS2