PSL+602G Technical Manual

国电南自
PSL 602G SERIES

DIGITAL LINE PROTECTION
TECHNICAL MANUAL
GUODIAN NANJING AUTOMATION CO ., LTD.

PSL 602G Series
Digital Line Protection
Technical Manual
V．3.30
Guodian Nanjing Automation Co.,Ltd.
2005.12
*Modification is possible. Pay attention to the consistence of instruction with product.

CONTENTS
Chapter 1: General .........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Basic types and main functions...............................................................................................1

1.2 Main features...........................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Technical Parameters ..................................................................................................6
2.1 Rated data................................................................................................................................6

2.2 Main technical performance....................................................................................................7
2.3 Insulation.................................................................................................................................8
2.4 EMC capability .......................................................................................................................9
2.5 Mechanical performance.......................................................................................................10
2.6 Environment conditions ........................................................................................................10
Chapter 3: Equipment Hardware..................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Cabinet structure ................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Main module designs ............................................................................................................14
Chapter: 4 Protective Principles..................................................................................................24
4.1 Directional (distance) pilot protection module......................................................................24

4.2 Distance protection and zero-sequence protection module ...................................................36
4.3. Zero-sequence protection .....................................................................................................47
4.4 Reclosing module..................................................................................................................50
4.5 Others....................................................................................................................................55
Chapter 5: Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings....................................59
PSL602G Digital HV Line Protection Setting ............................................................................59

5.1. Setting list and descriptions of the pilot directional protection............................................59
5. 2. Setting list and descriptions of the distance protection and the zero-sequence protection..61
5. 3 Setting list and descriptions of the reclosing........................................................................66
Appendix 1: PSL602G (A)’s CPU1 (Pilot Protection) Communication Code Table ..................68
Appendix 2: PSL602G (A)’s CPU2 (Distance and Zero-sequence Protection) Communication
Code Table ..................................................................................................................................72
Appendix 3: PSL602G’s CPU3 (Reclosing) Communication Code Table .................................79
1 General
Chapter 1: General
1.1 Basic types and main functions
PSL 600G series digital HV line protective equipment (PSL600G) takes the pilot
protection as the main protection of rapid action for whole line and the distance
protection and zero-sequence current protection as the backup protection. The
protective functions are implemented by two CPU modules, one of which (CPU1) is
used for the pilot protective function and the other (CPU2) for the functions of
distance protection and zero-sequence current protection. The hardware of CPU
modules in PSL600G is same while the output circuits are independent.
The Equipment has split-phase outputs, mainly suitable for the power transmission
lines of 220kV and above.
For the single breaker line-connection, one CPU module (CPU3) is added in
PSL602G to implement the reclosing functions: the single phase Reclosing, three
phases reclosing or integrated reclosing.
Table 1-1 The main types and functions of PSL602G
Main functions
Types Distance protection and Notes
Pilot protection Zero-sequence current Reclosing
protection
Fast distance protection

3-zone phase-to-phase Suitable for
Pilot distance, distance protection With single
PSL
zero-sequence 3-zone grounding Reclosing breaker
602G
protection distance protection line-connect
4-zone zero-sequence ion
current protection
1
1 General

3-zone phase-to-phase
distance protection
Suitable for
Pilot distance, 3-zone grounding
PSL Without 3/2
zero-sequence distance protection
602GA Reclosing line-connect
protection 4-zone zero-sequence
ion
current protection or
zero-sequence
inverse-time limit
Suitable for
single
3-zone phase-to-phase
breaker
Pilot distance, distance protection With
PSL line-connect
zero-sequence 3-zone grounding Reclosing
602GC ion
protection distance protection
Dual line on
4-zone zero-sequence
the same
current protection
pole
2
1 General

3-zone phase-to-phase Suitable for
distance protection 3/2
Pilot distance, 3-zone grounding line-connect
PSL Without
zero-sequence distance protection ion
602GD Reclosing
protection 4-zone zero-sequence Dual line on
current protection or the same
zero-sequence pole
inverse-time limit
1.2 Main features
1.2.1 Application of new principles and techniques

PSL602G applies a series of new principles and techniques, which enhances the
overall performance of protection such as:
(1) The energy-integral directional relay is applied, which uses total fault information.
It does not need filtering and has fast action speed. It keeps the correct direction for a
longer period and the sensitivities of the directional elements at both sides of line
match up to each other.
(2) The waveform identification method is applied in the fast distance protection, the
zone-I action time of which reaches 12ms.
(3) The track radius of oscillation is used to quickly distinguish fault from system
oscillation, which improves the performance of protection during the
oscillation-blocking period.
(4) The composite phase-selection method with superimpose current and voltage is
used to correctly select the fault phase during complex fault and weak feeder system
fault.
3
1 General
1.2.2 Open design concepts

The open design concepts of PSL602G increase the interoperability between
PSL602G and other devices.
PSL602G adopts Ethernet communication interface, which allows the substation
automation system to construct its communication network with Ethernet. Because
Ethernet is widely applied in various domains, the Ethernet interface resource is
abundant and cheap. Furthermore, it is easy to link with WAN with the open TCP/IP.
At present, IEC is establishing the internal communication protocol system for
substation automation system, which will make the products from different
manufacturers interoperable. The relevant materials show that the backbone network
is Ethernet.
PSL602G provides the compatibility design for current communication modes
(RS-232C, EIA422/485 or field bus), which makes the design or retrofitting of the
substation automation system more selective and more flexible
1.2.3 Humanized design concepts
PSL602G takes the lead in adopting the design concepts of “adjustment-free” and
“plug-and-play”, the general SW and HW platform, the English supervisory interface
and the graphic and tabular output interface. The technique of complete process
information review is applied. With the supplied debug and analysis software, User
can access easily the information stored in the unit devices, and display clearly the
device data and logic processing procedures.
1.2.4 Reliable general platform with high performance
PSL602G has the same general platform as the other protection and control devices of
PS6000 Substation Automation System by Guodian Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd.
(GNA). It adopts 32-bit microprocessor, large capacity of RAM and Flash Memory,
and overall reliability design, and the Equipment has higher reliability and stronger
ability of data processing, logic calculation and information storage. All this not only
raises the product performance, but also generalizes thoroughly the product design in
both hardware and software.
4
1 General
Since the Equipment applies the reliable platform with high performance, its
operation and maintenance become easier and simpler, and the complete process
information can be recorded and used as the incident review for system operation and
analysis.
1.2.5 High standard EMC
As for the other protections and control products of PS6000 Substation Automation
System, much attention is paid to the integral EMC of PSL602G. The product design
is no longer to meet only some anti-interference standards, EMC design is made in
each section of the unit devices, such as AC input, DC power-supply, binary input,
binary output, communication, etc.
PSL602G has passed ten national EMC laboratory tests, such as the electromagnetic
radiation test, the fast-transient pulse group disturbance test, etc. All test results verify
that its EMC index is much higher than the national standard, which ensures the
thorough transfer of the unit device to lower level.
5
2 Technical Parameters
Chapter 2: Technical Parameters
2.1 Rated data
2.1.1 Rated DC voltage 220V or 110V(specified on order)
2.1.2 Rated AC data
a) Phase voltage 100 / 3 V
b) Line sampling voltage 100V or 100 / 3 V
c) Current 5A or 1A (specified on order)

d) Rated frequency 50Hz
2.1.3 Power consumption
a) DC circuit <= 40W (normal)
<= 50W (protection trip)
b) AC voltage circuit <= 0.5VA/Φ
c) AC current circuit In=1A,<= 0.5VA/Φ
In=5A,<= 1VA/Φ
2.1.4 Binary
a) Input voltage of CPU & communication interface modules
24V(18V～30V)
b) Input voltage of GPS sync pulse
24V(18V～30V)
c) CPU output voltage allowed (optically coupled)
24V(18V～30V)
d) Driving capability of CPU outputs (optically coupled)
150mA
2.1.5 Contact capacity
a) Carrying capacity of signal circuit
1100VA (Arc-no-breaking)
6
b) Carrying capacity of signal circuit

60VA
2.2 Main technical performance
2.2.1 Accurate working range of sampling circuits

a) Phase voltage 0.2 V ~ 70V
b) Line voltage 0.3 V ~ 120V
c) Current 0.04In ~ 40In
2.2.2 Analog measuring precision
Current, voltage <=+5%, minimum setting of current is up to 0.05In
2.2.3 Action minimum time of directional element
Energy integral directional element:
Release mode 2ms
Blocking mode 5ms
Impedance directional element 10ms
Zero-sequence directional element
10ms,zero-sequence voltage uses float threshold, minimum action voltage is 0.5V
2.2.4 Action time of whole group
a) Zone-I (0.7 * setting value) of phase-to-phase and grounding distance
protection
<20ms, typical value <12ms
b) Zone-I (1.2 * setting value) of zero-sequence protection
<20ms
c) High-frequency protection
Whole line rapid action < 25ms
d) Split-phase current differential protection
Whole line rapid action < 25ms
2.2.5 Transient overrun
The transient overrun of distance protection zone-I or zero-sequence protection zone-I
< 5%.
7
2.2.6 The minimum setting impedance (not including the error induced by the external
factors)
When the transient overrun is not greater than 5%, the minimum setting impedance at
secondary side is 0.01Ω (short-circuit remained voltage > 0.5V).
2.2.7 Distance measurement error (not including the error induced by the external
factors)
For metal-type fault, the error is between ±2%.
2.3 Insulation
2.3.1 Insulation resistance

Under normal test environment, the insulation resistance between any energized or
non-energized part and the case, or between any circuits, which are not electrically
connected to each other, is not less than 50MΩ when tested by megger with 500V
open-circuit voltage.
2.3.2 Dielectric intensity
Under normal test environment, PSL602G can undergo the withstand-voltage test
(frequency: 50Hz; voltage: 2000V, signal terminals 500V; duration: 1min) without
breakdown or flashover. During the test, when the test voltage is exerted on a circuit,
all other circuits are connected together to earth.
2.3.3 Impulsive voltage
Under normal test environment, PSL602G can undergo the standard lightning-surge
test of 1.2/50µs between the power-supply input circuit or AC input circuit or output
contact circuit and the ground, or between the circuits. The open circuit test voltage is
5kV.
2.3.4 Humid heat endurance
PSL602G has passed the humid heat endurance test stipulated in chapter 21 of
GB7261. The highest test temperature is +40℃, the highest humidity is 95%, and the
test duration is 48 hours. The period of cycling humid heat test is 24 hours. Within 2
hours before the end of test, the measurements required in section 2.3.1 and section
2.3.2 are acquired. The insulation resistance between any circuit and the revealed
8
non-energized metal part or case, or between any circuits, which are not electrically
connected to each other, should not be less than 1.5M Ω . The dielectric
voltage-withstand intensity should not be less than 75% of the test voltage stipulated
in section 2.3.2.
2.4 EMC capability
2.4.1 Electrostatic discharge interference

PSL602G has passed the electrostatic discharge interference test of GB/T 17626.2－
1998 standard, level 4.
2.4.2 Radio frequency interference
PSL602G has passed the radio frequency interference test of GB/T 17626.3－1998
standard, level 3.
2.4.3 Fast-transient pulse group disturbance
PSL602G has passed the fast-transient pulse group disturbance test of GB/T 17626.4
－1998 standard, level 4.
2.4.4 Surge (impulsive) interference
PSL602G has passed the surge (impulsive) interference test of GB/T 17626.5－1998
standard, level 3.
2.4.5 Radio field transmission annoyance
PSL602G has passed the radio field transmission annoyance test of GB/T 17626.6－
2.4.6 Power-frequency magnetic field interference
PSL602G has passed the power-frequency magnetic field interference test of GB/T
17626.8－1998 standard, level 5.
2.4.7 Pulse magnetic field interference
PSL602G has passed the pulse magnetic field interference test of GB/T 17626.9－
2.4.8 Damping oscillation magnetic field interference
PSL602G has passed the damping oscillation magnetic field interference test of GB/T
17626.10－1998 standard, level 5.
9
2.4.9 Oscillating wave field interference

PSL602G has passed the oscillating wave field interference test of GB/T 17626.12－
2.4.10 Radiation emission limit test
PSL602G has passed the radiation emission limit test of GB 9254－1998 standard,
type A.
2.5 Mechanical performance
2.5.1 Vibration
PSL602G can undergo the vibration durability test stipulated in section 16.3 of GB
7261 standard, severity class-I.
2.5.2 Impact
PSL602G can undergo the impact durability test stipulated in section 17.5 of GB 7261
standard, severity class-I.
2.5.3 Collision
PSL602G can undergo the collision durability test stipulated in chapter 18 of GB 7261
standard, severity class-I.
2.6 Environment conditions
2.6.1 Ambient temperature

-10℃～+55℃
2.6.2 Relative humidity
5％～95％
2.6.3 Atmosphere pressure
66～110kPa
10
3 Equipment Hardware
Chapter 3: Equipment Hardware
The demand for reliability has been fully considered in the equipment overall design
and various module designs, special attention has been paid to the acquired data
transmission, program execution, signal indication, communication and so on.
According to the test results, when 4kV fast-transient pulse group disturbance is
exerted on any terminal of PSL602G, or when 15kV space electrostatic discharge
interference or 8kV contact electrostatic discharge interference is exerted on any part
of PSL602G, the data transmission error, the CPU reset, the abnormal signal, the
abnormal LCD information display, and the improper protective action or protective
action failure will not occur. It is much better than the requirements of national
standards.
Since the anti-interference performance of PSL602G has been fully considered,
additional anti-interference modules for AC and DC inputs are not necessary in the
equipment configuration.
3.1 Cabinet structure
PSL602G adopts the standard case of 4U * 19 inches, the full-size front panel and the
back-inserting structure. On the front panel, there are large screen LCD, operating
keyboard, signal indicators, etc.
The back-inserting structure allows the module inserting and withdrawing at the rear
side of the Equipment. The interconnecting lines among the sockets are on the
complete motherboard, which is located in the foreside of the cabinet. Wiring between
terminals is thus avoided, which raises the anti-interference performance of the
equipment body, reduces man-made faults and ensures the quality consistency. The
structure has following advantages:
11
PSL 602G Digital Line Protection

Run
>
Setting Switching
Permit
+
reclosing
Protection
< Q > trip
- Reclosing
TV wire breaker
>
Alarm Reset
C T current A Order No.

Serial port DC voltage V Factory No.
Factory date
Guodian Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd. ! 2 5
Figure 3-1-1 PSL 602G panel
NO.12 NO.11 NO.10 NO.9 NO.8 NO.7 NO.6 NO.5 NO.4 NO.3 NO.2 NO.1
STANDBY TRIP3 SIGNAL TRIP2 TRIP1 POWER COMM+ CPU3 CPU2 CPU1 AD+ AC
Printer port
+5 V
24V(1)
Ethernet A
Ethernet B
Figure 3-1-2 the terminals of the PSL 602G Protection (Back view)
PSL 602GA Digital Line Protection

Run
>
Setting Switching
TRIP A
+ TRIP B
< Q >
- TRIP C
TV wire breaker
>
Alarm Reset
C T current A Order No.

Serial port DC voltage V Factory No.
Factory date
Guodian Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd. ! 2 5
Figure 3-1-3 PSL 602GA panel
12
NO.12 NO.11 NO.10 NO.9 NO.8 NO.7 NO.6 NO.5 NO.4 NO.3 NO.2 NO.1
STANDBY TRIP3 SIGNAL TRIP2 TRIP1 POWER COMM+ STANDBY CPU2 CPU1 AD+ AC
Printer port
+5 V
24V(1)
Ethernet A
Ethernet B
Figure 3-1-4 the terminals of the PSL 602GA Protection (Back view)
(1) Each module has own terminals and there are only interconnection lines at 5V or
24V level on the motherboard for internal use of protections. The high and low
voltages are thus separated, which suppresses the external electromagnetic
interference on low voltage side, improves the anti-interference performance of the
Equipment and raises its reliability and security.
(2) The interconnections on the motherboard can be arranged in bus mode, which
makes the functional configuration of the Equipment much more flexible.
(3) The big current terminals of AC transformer module can be removed, the open
circuit and shunt problems at TA secondary side, which are caused by the improper
connection of current terminals, thus avoided and the reliability of the Equipment
raised.
(4) The modularized design of cards becomes easier.
(5) According to User’s requirements, some of the modules can be replaced or added,
the functions of the Equipment can be expanded or modified.
13
3.2 Main module designs
A /D & D S P MMI
AC m o d u le
O p tic
is o la to r QDJ
C P U m o d u le O p tic R e la y
is o la to r o u tp u ts
S w itc h in O p tic
g
v a ria b le
is o la to P rin tin g & c o m m u n ic a tio n
r p o rt
in p u ts
Figure 3-2 Main module structure

PSL602G consists of following modules:
AC transformer module (AC)
A/D conversion module (A/D)
Protective function module (CPU)
Communication interface module (COM)
Power-supply module (POWER)
Signal module (SIGNAL)
Trip output modules (TRIP1, TRIP2)
Reclosing module (TRIP3)
Man-machine interface module (MMI, at rear side of front panel)
Other optional modules
3.2.1 AC transformer module (AC)
The AC transformer module (AC) is located on #1 card position. It has four current
transformers (LH) and six voltage transformers (YH), which change the current
signals from TA or voltage signals from TV into low level signals for AD convertor
and isolates the high and low level voltages. The four LHs are used for Current Ia, Ib,
Ic and 3I0 respectively and the six YHs are used for Voltage Ua, Ub, Uc, Uxa, Uxb
and Uxc respectively (either line voltage or phase voltage is acceptable). Voltage 3U0
is derived by the protection. Refer Figure 3-2-1 The principle diagram of AC
transformer module.
14
Breaker
*
LOAD
*
1
A B C
AC
U Ia
1
1 U
2 a Ia’
2
Ub
3 U
4 c Ib
3
5 n
Uxa Ib’
4
6 Uxb Ia 1X1 Ua 1X5 Uxa

7 Uxc Ic
1X1-1
5
8 Uxn
9 Ic’
6
10 1X1-2
I0
Ib
7
1X2 Ub To 1X6 Uxb To

I0' 1X1-3
AD AD
8
To sampling sampling
9
1X1-4 AD
samplin
10
Ic 1X3 Uc Uxc
1X1-5 g 1X7
11
12
1X1-6 1X4 1X8
1X1-7 I0
1X1-8
1X10
Figure 3-2-1 AC transformer module

3.2.2 A/D conversion module (AD)
The A/D conversion module (AD) is located on #2 card position. It consists of the
active low-pass filter, sampler and holder (S/H), multiplexer (MUX), A/D converter
(AD) and microprocessor. The AD converter adopts 16-bit component with high
precision and stability. Its accurate working current reaches 0.04In and its accurate
working voltage reaches 0.2V, which increases the measuring accuracy of distance
protection. Each of the analog inputs passes through the active low-pass filter. The
high order harmonics are filtered effectively while the attenuation of the elementary
wave is less than 1%. The attenuation rate and the phase shift of each analog channel
are consistent. The A/D data (with check code) are sent to different CPUs in serial
mode. The sampling-data sharing problem has thus successfully solved, on which a
national patent is obtained.
3.2.3 Protective function module (CPU)
The protective function module (CPU) is used to process the data from A/D module
and execute the programmed protective functions. PSL602G can install up to three
CPU modules (CPU1, CPU2 and CPU3), located on #3, #4 and #5 card positions
respectively. These CPUs work in parallel and the protective functions are relatively
independent, which enhances the hardware redundancy and reliability of the
Equipment.
The protective function module (CPU) consists of the following components:
15
A/D serial data input

Binary input
Binary output for:
Trip or Closing pulse output
Alarm signal output
Blocking-relay release signal output
Other signal outputs
Microprocessor MPU 32-bit
Random access memory RAM 256KB
Program memory ROM 256KB
Flash memory 1MB
EEPROM
Others
The CPU module has enhanced the data processing and recording capability. It can
implement various fault-processing solutions and record a great quantity of fault data.
More than 1500 events (e.g. high-frequency protection action) and 12~48 incident
reports (depending on the complexity of the incidents, normally 30 reports, including
setting value, sampling value, IDs, derived value, etc.) can be recorded. The programs,
written in C, have better reliability, transplantability and maintainability. The
protective functions can be expanded easily.
All components relative to CPU module are fitted on one card and all binary inputs
and outputs are isolated by optical coupler. There are two CPUs on the protective
function module (CPU), of which the main CPU is used for executing the protective
programs while the auxiliary CPU is used to monitor the operating state of the main
CPU. If any component on card becomes abnormal, the main CPU drives the
blocking-relay and cuts off the working power-supply of binary outputs at the optical
output side. If the main CPU becomes abnormal, the auxiliary CPU helps to drive the
blocking-relay mentioned above. The blocking-relay can be reset only by power-off.
The two CPUs monitors each other to ensure the reliable operation of the Equipment.
16
3 4 5
CPU1 CPU2 CPU3
S-ph tr st
1 HF prot.on 1 p-p dist on 1 3-ph tr st
reclosing
2 Ch. test 2 Gnd dist on 2 reclosing
3 Sig input 3 Z-s zn I on 3 Block reclosing
Low air
4 Oth Prots opn 1 4 Z-s zn II on 4 pressure
Post-closing
5 Plt freq los 5 Z-s genl on 5 relay
6 Transceiver alm 6 6 Reclosing mode
Reclosing time
7 Oth Prots opn 2 7 7 ctrl
8 8 8
9 COM 9 COM 9 COM
10 10 10
11 Send sig stop 11 11
12 control 12 12
13 Reset 13 13
14 transceiver 14 14
Figure 3-2-3-1 PSL 602G’s CPU module

3 4 5
CPU1 CPU2 STANDBY
1 HF prot on 1 p-p dist on

2 Ch. test 2 Gnd dist on
3 Sig input 3 Z-s zn I on
4 Oth Prots opn 1 4 Z-s zn II on
5 Plt freq los 5 Z-s genl on
6 Transceiver alm 6
7 Oth Prots opn 2 7
8 8
9 COM 9 COM
10 10
11 Send sig stop 11
12 control 12
13 Reset 13
14 transceiver 14
Figure 3-2-3-1 PSL 602GA’s CPU module

The terminals on the CPU module are used to connect the signals of pressure-plate,
input and output, which are required by the protections on the CPU module.
3.2.4 Man-machine interface module (MMI)
The man-machine interface module (MMI) is installed at the rear side of the full-size
front panel. It is a universal card for PSL602G series digital line protection, PSL620
series digital line protection, PST600 series digital transformer protection, PST620
series digital transformer protection, etc. Both hardware and software are compatible.
17
EEPROM Panel signals
RAM CPU
CAN To CPU module

ROM
Serial port Communication port
FLASH
Ethernet Communication port
LCD unit
To CPU, control, etc.
Keyboard I/O
Signal, alarm
Figure 3-2-4 MMI module electric schematic

The man-machine interface module (MMI) consists of the following components:
Microprocessor MPU 32-bit
Read only memory ROM 512KB
Random access memory RAM 1MB
Flash memory 1MB
EEPROM
Binary input
Binary output
Communication controller
Clock
Large screen LCD 240 × 128
Whole screen operating keyboard
Signal indicators
Others
The MMI module is mainly used for MMI management. Its main functions are:
keyboard operation, LCD & signal indicator management, communication with the
commissioning computer and the substation supervisory system, GPS pulse
synchronization (minute or second pulse), control command sending to CPUs and
data acquisition from CPUs.
CAN bus is adopted for the communication with CPUs, the speed of which is
18
100kbps. The internal information transmission speed is thus raised and the bottleneck
of internal communication is removed. The events of protective action can be actively
sent to the MMI module.
There are three ports for external communication. One is on the front panel, which is
of RS232 for connecting to PC, and the other two are on the back panel of the
communication interface module (COM+), which can be set to different physical
interfaces as required.
3.2.5 Communication interface module (COM+)
The communication interface module (COM+) is located on #6 card position. Mainly
it has two functions. The common binary inputs needed and shared by different CPUs
of PSL602G, including GPS synch pulse input, are sent to the motherboard after
optoelectronic conversion on the COM module. The output information from the
MMI module is converted on this module into the corresponding physical interfacing
data for the communication with the substation automation system and the printer.
According to the communication system of substation, the communication interfaces
of the COM module can be configured as following:
6
COM+ 6X12
Power+
Protection
1 TWJA device
2 TWJB 11 COM
3 TWJC 12 GPS+ 6X13
4 13 GPS- Power-
5 14
6 15 OUT+
7 Reclosing mode 216 OUT-
GPS time-checking-nodal
8 17 IN+
9 Reset signal 18 IN- mode
10 6X12
GPS+
Printer port Protection

device
6X13
Ethernet A GPS-
GPS time-checking-optic
Ethernet B
coupling mode
Figure 3-2-5 COM+ module terminal and schematic

It is suggested to adopt Ethernet interface when the substation automation system is
configured with PSL602G. The Ethernet communication system, configured for whole
substation, can greatly raise the real-time performance of the information transmission
to avoid the communication congestion occurred in past products. When Ethernet
19
communication is adopted, the Ethernet-based balanced IEC870-5-103

communication protocol and its general telegrams should be applied, this gives
attention to both compatibility of communication protocol and communication
efficiency.
When PSL602G is connected to other substation automation systems, the
communication port 2 can be set to EIA 422/485, CAN Bus, LON WORK Bus or
Optical Fiber Bus to meet the requirements of different automation systems. Since
their communication efficiency is lower (especially when there are more system
nodes), furthermore, CAN Bus and LON WORK Bus have no relatively unified
communication protocols, these interfacing modes are not proposed here.
Port 1 on the back panel can be set to RS232 for driving the serial printer or
RS422/485 for communication with the engineer station or for central printing.
3.2.6 Power-supply module (POWER)
The power-supply module (POWER) is located on #7 card position and used to
convert the internal DC power-supply of substation into the working voltages needed
by the Equipment. There are one 5V output for the digital components of the
Equipment and two 24V outputs, of which one is for driving relays and exchanging
inter-module signals, and the other is for external use of binary inputs. Different level
voltages are isolated from each other and have no common earth. Refer to Figure
3-2-6 The principle diagram of power-supply module (POWER)
In order to enhance the anti-interference performance of the POWER module, filters
are added to 24V power-supply of the DC inputs and the output terminals.
20
Figure 3-2-6 Power module terminal and schematic
3.2.7 Trip output modules (TRIP1, TRIP2)

The trip output modules (TRIP1, TRIP2) are located on #7 and #8 card positions.
Each provides two groups of trip output relays to meet the requirement of HV breaker
for dual trip coils. Each trip output includes three split-phase output relays, one 3
phases trip output relay and one permanent trip output relay. Furthermore, the
Reclosing start circuits are considered. It provides the contacts for the single phase
trip start Reclosing and the 3 phases trip start Reclosing respectively. These contacts
may also be used for interlock switch-off of protections (three contact outputs for
single phase trip, 3 phases trip and permanent trip respectively). The start-failure
circuit is also provided for breaker on this module.
21
COM 8X0 QF1(+) 8X0 QF3(+) 8X0

5
8X0 TA 1
8X1 TA 3
8X1
6 TB 3 8
Sing-p trip st 8X0 8X1 TB 8X1
7 4 9
3-p trip st 8X0 TC 8X1 TC 8X2
8 5 0
COM 8X0 QF2(+) 8X0 QF4(+) 8X0

TJA1 9
8X1 TQ 2
8X1 TQ 4
8X2
0 TR 6 1
TJB1 8X1 8X1 TR 8X2
1 7 2
TJC1 8X1
2
COM 9X0 QF5(+) 9X0 QF7(+) 9X0

Perm trip clr 5
9X0 TA 1
9X1 TA 3
9X1
6 TB 3 8
Sing-p trip clr 9X0 9X1 TB 9X1
7 4 9
3-p trip clr 9X0 TC 9X1 TC 9X2
8 5 0
COM 9X0 QF6(+) 9X0 QF8(+) 9X0

TJA2 9
9X1 TQ 2
9X1 TQ 4
9X2
0 TR 6 1
TJB2 9X1 9X1 TR 9X2
1 7 2
TJC2 9X1
2
Figure 3-2-7 Trip output modules terminal

3.2.8 Signal module (SIGNAL)
The signal module (SIGNAL) is located on #10 card position and mainly consists of
relays. There are a group of signal contact outputs used as central signals, including
protective Action, protective closing, equipment Alarm, TV wire break, signal Call.
The protective Action relay and the protective closing relay are magnetic self-holding
relays, which can be reset only manually. The equipment Alarm relay is electrical
self-holding relay, which can be reset manually or by power-off. The other relays are
non-self-holding relays, which return to original state when the signal returns. There
are still two protective action relay BDJs on this module, which provides four pairs of
protective Re-action contacts for informing other protections the protective action on
this module.
22
+XM1 10X0 +XM2 10X0

10X11
Alarm 1 1 Alarm 2 6 TXJ
10X0 10X0
10X12
Operation 1 2 Operation 2 7
10X0 10X0
TV wire break 1 3 TV wire break 2 8
10X0 10X0
Send/stop sig 10X13
4 9
Call 1 10X0 Call 2 10X1 control
10X14
5 0
10X15 10X17 10X19

BDJ1 BDJ2 BDJ3
10X16 10X18 10X20
10X21
BDJ4
10X22
Figure 3-2-8 Signal output modules terminal
3.2.9 Reclosing module (TRIP3)

The Reclosing module (TRIP3) is located on #11 card position and mainly consists of
relays. It provides two groups of closing outputs. The relays relative to closing outputs
(the Reclosing relay CHJ and the remote closing relay YHJ) and the pressure
monitoring relays (low-pressure Closing-prohibition relay 2YJJ) are fitted on this
module too.
QF9(+) 11X0 QF10(+) 11X0 +XM 1 11X1
Reclosing
CHJ1 1 CHJ2 2 2
11X0 11X0 1 11X1
Backup 5 Backup 9 2YJJ1 3
11X0 11X1 11X1
6 0 4
+XM 2 11X1
11X03 11X07
Reclosing 2 5 Con 3-p trip 1
11X1 2YJJ
11X04 11X08
2YJJ2 6
11X1
7
11X19 11X21
HXJ Con 3-p trip 2
11X20 11X22
Figure 3-2-9 Reclosing output modules terminal
Note: PSL602G has this module, PSL602GA has not this module.
23
4 Protective Principles
Chapter: 4 Protective Principles
Sampling(1ms)
Main program
Sampling
interrupt
No
( Enter main Start?
program)
Ye
s
Deal with fault ?
( Enter program of dealing-with-
fault)
Figure 4 the diagram of protection program struct
4.1 Directional (distance) pilot protection module
PSL602G digital line protection constitutes the directional pilot protection with
energy-integral directional element.
4.1.1 Start element and group reset judgment
4.1.1.1 start element
The protective start element is used to release the power-supply of protective-trip
output relay and start the fault-processing program. PSL602G takes the
superimpose-phase-current as the main start element. When system oscillates, the
floating threshold is added to the superimpose start setting to automatically increase
the start threshold. As the auxiliary start element, the zero-sequence-current start
element is delayed for 30ms to ensure the priority of the superimpose-phase-current
start element. The start elements of each protective module are independent of each
other.
(1) Superimpose-phase-current start element
The criterion is:
24
△iφ>IQD +1.25△IT
Where:
△iφ＝| iφ(t)-2*iφ(t-T)+iφ(t-2T) | denotes the superimpose-phase-current;
IQD denotes the superimpose start setting;
△IT＝max( | Iφ(t－T)-2*Iφ(t-2T)+Iφ(t-3T)] | ) denotes the maximum of
unbalanced phase current;
φ denotes phase A, B or C;
T is 20ms.
When the superimpose-phase-current of any phase is greater than the start threshold
for three times continuously, the protection starts.
(2) Zero-sequence-current auxiliary start element
Since the sensitivity of the superimpose-phase-current start element is not enough for
the long distance fault or the large resistance fault, the zero-sequence-current start
element is thus configured as a supplement. When the zero-sequence-current is
greater than the start threshold for 30ms, the element acts.
(3) Static and stable damage detection element
It is set to detect the system oscillation caused by the static and stable damage
happened under normal system operating conditions. Its criterion is:
BC phase-to-phase impedance keeps for 30ms in the impedance auxiliary element,
which has entire impedance characteristics
Or
Phase-A current is greater than 1.2 * In (rated current) for 30ms and U1Cosφis
smaller than 0.5 * Vn (rated voltage).
When the element acts, the protective action starts to enter the oscillation-blocking
logic. When TV wire break occurs or the oscillation-blocking function is disabled, this
element becomes ineffective.
4.1.1.2 Group reset judgment
The modules detect the Group Reset Enable signal for each other, only when all
modules satisfy the group reset conditions, could the Equipment carry out the group
reset.
25
4.1.2 Phase selection element

The phase-selection element distinguishes the fault property and fault phase to satisfy
the requirement for protective split-phase trip. The phase-selection elements applied
by the main and backup protections of PSL602G have the same principles. In order to
correctly select the fault phase and have enough sensitivity for the complex incidents
(e.g. the bi-directional fault) or in special system (e.g. weak feeder), a combined
phase-selection method is applied. The method integrates the phase-selection
principles of the composite superimpose current & voltage and the composite
sequence components. At the beginning of a fault, the fast and sensitive
phase-selection method of superimpose current is applied. Then the phase-selection
method of stable sequence components is applied to ensure the correct phase selection
for bi-directional faults.
The principles of two phase-selection elements are as followings:
4.1.2.1 Composite superimpose current & voltage phase-selection element
Suppose:
= ∆ U& φφ = ab, bc, ca

∆ φφ φφ
− ∆ I& φφ × Z
Where:
∆U& φφ and ∆I&φφ denote the superimpose current and voltage of
phase-to-phase circuit;
Z denotes the impedance coefficient, automatically set according to the
impedance element setting of the distance protection or pilot direction
protection.
Suppose:
Δmax and Δmin are the maximum and the minimum of Δab, Δbc and
Δca respectively.
The phase selection method is as following:
(1) When Δmin < 0.25Δmax, it is a single phase fault, otherwise a multi-phases
fault.
(2) For single phase fault,
26
if Δbc = Δmin, it is a phase-a fault;

if Δca = Δmin, it is a phase-b fault;
if Δab = Δmin, it is a phase-c fault.
(3) For multi-phases fault,
If ∆ ab ≥ ∆U ab , ∆ bc ≥ ∆U bc and ∆ ca ≥ ∆U ca , it is an in-area phase-to-phase
fault.
Otherwise, it is a bi-directional fault (one forward, one inverse). The
phase-current directional element is used to select the fault phase with
forward direction.
(4) The criterion ∆ φφ ≥ ∆U φφ ( φφ = ab, bc, ca ) is actually a superimpose directional
relay with three amplitude comparisons. Compared with the traditional

phase-selection principle of superimpose phase-current, the method used by PSL602G
applies the superimpose voltage and direction judgement. Hence, the phase selection
problems, which occurred in the weak feeder system, are solved. The phase selection
problem for the bi-directional fault with short interval is also solved. For the general
fault, the phase-selection sensitivity is the same as the phase-selection principle of
superimpose phase-current.
4.1.2.2 Current & voltage sequence component phase-selection element
Suppose:
U& − (1 + 3 k& Z ) × I& ×Z

θ = arg( 0 0
)
U& 2
− I& 2
×Z
Where:
θ denotes the phase angle difference of zero-sequence voltage and
negative-sequence voltage at compensation point;
Z denotes the impedance coefficient, similar to the superimpose phase-selection

element;
K Z denotes compensation coefficient.
27
The value of θ is divided into three areas and each area includes two faults.
When − 30 o < θ ≤ 90 o , it is area-A，phase-A is grounding or phase-B and
phase-C are grounding;
When 90 o < θ ≤ 210 o , it is area-B，phase-B is grounding or phase-C and
phase-A are grounding;
When 210 o < θ ≤ 330 o , it is area-C，phase-C is grounding or phase-A and
phase-B are grounding;
The phase-selection element used by PSL602G applies this character to select the
fault phase.
In order to distinguish further the single phase grounding and dual-phase

grounding, the following criteria are applied (take phase-A as an example):
(1) If Z bc > Z zdIII , it is phase-A grounding; otherwise
(2) If I 0 < 0.5I 1 or I 2 < 0.5 I 1 , it is phase-B & phase-C grounding;
otherwise
(3) If both the directional elements of phase-B and phase-C act, it is phase-B
& phase-C grounding; otherwise
(4) If the directional element of phase-B acts, it is phase-B grounding. If the

directional element of phase-C acts, it is phase-C grounding.
Foe phase-A fault, Zbc is the load impedance, which will not locate in the protective
area, hence when the criterion 1 is satisfied, it is surely the phase-A grounding. For
the bi-directional fault (forward phase-B grounding, inverse phase-C grounding),
because the current directions of phase-B and phase-C are reverse, the measured I0, I1
and I2 are false and the condition in criterion 2 will never be satisfied. Hence, the
bi-directional fault can be detected by criteria 3 and 4.
For 3-phases bi-directional fault (e.g. forward phase-A grounding, inverse phase-B &
28
phase-C grounding), the above criteria can not correctly select the fault phase. Hence,
when three phase-voltages are smaller than 15V, select the forward directional phase
as the fault phase by the phase-current directional elements of the three phases.
This kind of phase-selection element not only can correctly select the fault phase, but
also have enough sensitivity for the faults at weak feeder side.
4.1.3 Directional element
4.1.3.1 Impedance directional element

According to the circuits, the impedance directional element is divided into 3
phase-to-phase impedance ZAB, ZBC and ZCA , and 3 grounding impedance ZA , ZB and
ZC . The impedance of each circuit is then divided into forward element and inverse
element. The impedance characteristics are shown in Figure 4-1-3-2. It consists of the
entire impedance quadrilateral and the directional element. When the measured
impedance of the circuit selected by the phase-selection element is within the
quadrilateral and the directional element is forward, the fault is determined forward. If
the directional element is inverse, the fault is then determined inverse. The directional
element applies the positive-sequence directional element combined with the
superimpose directional element. In addition, during oscillation blocking, there is the
oscillation-blocking-release element. The oscillation-blocking-release method is the
same as the distance protection.
Z ZD
− R ZD ϕ ZD
R ZD
− Z ZD
Figure 4-1-3-1 Impedance directional element
29
4.1.3.2 Zero-sequence directional element

The zero-sequence directional element has the forward directional element and the
inverse directional element. The sensitivity of the inverse directional element is higher
than that of the forward directional element. The relationship between the
zero-sequence current setting I+0ZD and the inverse current setting I-0ZD of forward
directional element is:
I+0ZD > I-0ZD
Where:
I+0ZD denotes the high frequency zero-sequence current setting;
I-0ZD denotes the zero-sequence-start current setting
The voltage threshold of the zero-sequence directional element is the fixed setting
added with the floating threshold. The action range is:
•
3U
≤ arg ≤ 330
o 0 o
180 •
3I0
4.1.4 Directional element configuration
The zero-sequence directional element is ineffective during non-all-phase operation.
The inverse directional element of PSL602’s impedance direction and zero-sequence
direction has higher priority. The zero-sequence directional element acts after a delay
of 100ms during the Close Speed-up Pulse and it is ineffective during non-all-phase
operation.
The directional element configuration of PSL602G pilot protection and PSL602G
zero-sequence protection is shown in Fig 4-1-3.
Figure 4-1-4 the directional element configuration of PSL602G pilot distance and
zero-sequence protection
30
4.1.5 Communication channel modes

The pilot protection can interface with different communication channel devices
(digital or analog), including the special transceiver and multiplex carrier channel for
protective relay.
Only one pare of contact are used for communication control, not Transmission means
stop-communication.
In blocking mode, the communication channel logic is totally realized by protection.
The Transmission and stop-communication of the transceiver is totally controlled by
protection. To prevent the interference on communication channel, the
stop-communication-acknowledgement is designed in the protection. It has two levels
of delay. After receiving the high frequency signal, there must be a 5ms delay before
the stop-communication can be enabled. After the stop-communication is enabled,
there must be an 8ms interval without receiving the high frequency signal before the
action can be output.
In release mode, the single-command mode and multi-command mode can be applied.
The equipment has two reserved contact outputs for transmission, which can be used
to transmit the split-phase-release signal for the joint pole lines.
After protective action, only when the forward directional element has acted and the
inverse directional element has not acted, should the stop-communication be enabled,
otherwise the Transmission is enabled. To prevent the protective misoperation caused
by the inverse power during cutting off the out-area fault of loop network, 40ms after
the action of inverse directional element, the inverse power delay circuit becomes
effective. When the inverse fault changes to forward fault, the pilot directional
protection near the fault side will set the stop-communication ON after a delay of
30ms. While the protection, which is far from the fault side, acts immediately.
During protective start, when the binary input “Other Protection 3 Phases Trip
stop-communication” has been detected, the stop-communication is always ON.
During normal operation, the detection of the binary input “Other Protection 3 Phases
Trip Stop-Communication” is not carried out.
After the “3 Phases Trip Position On” has been detected, the 3 phases trip position
31
stop-communication circuit is put into effect to ensure that the pilot protection near
the charging side can act when the charging line has fault. To prevent the protective
misoperation caused by the closing loop current during line closing, once the line
current has been detected, the Transmission is set to ON. The 3 phases trip position
stop-communication has two conditions: during protective start, the
stop-communication is always ON; during normal operation, with a delay of 160ms
after the Blocking signal has been received, the stop-communication becomes OFF. It
ensures that the protection on the opposite side can act during the fault, while the
communication channel check is still carried out.
The logic of the communication channel check follows the “Four Unification”
solution: the manual check or the scheduled automatic check controlled by Control
Word.
In Release mode, since the fault of the line to be protected may cause protective
action failure due to channel congestion, PSL602G has also the Block-release mode.
The possibility of the channel congestion caused by the single phase fault is not
considered by PSL602G. The Block-release mode is only applied to the
phase-to-phase fault. Whether the Block-release mode is ON is selected by the
Control Word. When own side is of forward phase-to-phase fault and if there was no
the Guide-Frequency-Disappear signal before protective start, which arrives then
within 100ms after start, and there is no Release signal, the protective Trip acts.
4.1.6 Weak feeder protection
The weak feeder protection is configured in the high-frequency protection for the protection of
weak feeder end or no-source end.
When in-area fault occurs, the weak feeder side may not be able to stop communication in the
Blocking mode, this causes the protective action failure of the high-frequency protection at
opposite side. In the Release mode, since the weak feeder side can not send the Release signal, this
also causes the protective action failure. Take the Blocking mode as an example, the weak feeder
protection of PSL602G has following functions:
(1) When in-area fault occurs, the weak feeder side stops communication quickly.
32
(2) The weak feeder side can trip selectively.

When the weak feeder side can start, if following conditions are satisfied, stop
communication quickly:
(1) The Blocking signal arrives for 5ms;
(2) Both forward and inverse directional elements have not acted, showing
non-inverse directional fault;
(3) At least one phase or phase-to-phase voltage is low.
If following conditions are further satisfied, the weak feeder side trips:
(1) The Trip bit of the Control Word is ON at the weak feeder side;
(2) The Blocking signal from opposite side can not be received for 30ms;
When the weak feeder side does not start, when following conditions are satisfied,
stop communication quickly for 120ms:
(1) The Blocking signal arrives for 10ms;
(2) At least one phase or phase-to-phase voltage is low.
4.1.7 Closing speed-up protection
During manual closing and reclosing of PSL602G, the distance close-speed-up
protection with the offset characteristics may put into effect according to Control
Word. The action characteristics of the offset impedance are similar to 3-zone
impedance, except the impedance is set to the high-frequency distance impedance
setting and the resistant is set to half of the high-frequency distance resistant setting.
The offset threshold is automatically set according to the high-frequency distance RZD
and the high-frequency distance ZZD.
The offset threshold of R component is:
R' = min(0.5 RZD ,0.5Z ZD ) , i.e. take the smaller one of 0.5 RZD，
0.5Z ZD
The offset threshold of X component is:
X ' = min(0.5Ω,0.5Z ZD ) i.e. take the smaller one of 0.5Ω，

0.5Z ZD
4.1.8 Pilot protection logic
33
Receive signal
"1" Test
button T1
KG1.8 =1 10
Schedule Check 1 H1 0 &
channel Y1
0
"0"
T2
200
0
0 T4 10"
5" 0 & =1
& Y3 H2 & Send
T3 Y2 Y11 signal
2
0
T5
=1
160 H3 &
0 Y4
T6 &
3-phases trip Y6
state
Other protection 0 =1
trip 120 H4
T23
=1
H5 &
Protection start
Y7
Protection reset
=1
Protection trip 0 H30
signal 120 &
Y8
T21
Inverse direction T7
40
0 =1 =1
&
H6
Stop signal
Forward direction Y9 H7
T8 &
10 Y10
50
T9 T10
5 & & 5or8
0 =1 Y21 Y22 0 =1
Protection trip
H8 H19
T11
120
0 &
Y23
=1
H22
KG1.11 &
& 1 Y25 =1
20 Y24 H21
Low voltage element 0
0 "0"
T22
KG1.10
10 1
120 &
Y26 & 0
"0"
T12 120 Y27
0 T14
T13
& 30
Y28 Weak feeder trip
0
KG1.8: Regul.ck.ch. on
KG1.10:Weak-fdbk tr.on
KG1.11:Wk-fdbk.echo on
Figure 4-1-8-1 the special blocking-type logic of pilot protection
34
Figure 4-1-8-2 the Multiplex blocking-type logic of pilot protection

Notes for the multiplex blocking-type logic of pilot protection:
1) Only when 3-phases state , other protection trip, protection trip signal all are not in
the inverse direction; protection send blocking signal.
2) Multiplex blocking-type has Weak feedback function.
35
=1
H5
Protection start &
Y7
Protection reset
&
Y
3-phases trip state 6
T2
0 3 =1
Other protection trip 12
0 H4
=1
H3
Protection trip signal 0 12
& 0
T2 0 Y8
1 T
Inverse direction
7
30 Send
0 =1 =1
& H permitting
Y9 6 H2 signal
Forward direction
T
8 &
10
Y1 T1
0
50 0
& 8
Y2 0 =1
Receive signal 2 H1 Protection trip
9
10
0 & 20
0 Y3 0
Phase-phase fault
KG.12 T2 2
&
Y3 4
T2
1
Pilot frequency loss
1 0
"0" 0
T1
12
1
0
& 0 &
Y2
=1 Y3
H2 0 3
2
KG.1
&
Y2 11 &
Y2
20 =1
Low voltage element 4 0 5 H2
0 "0"
T2 1
KG.1
2
5 12 10
&
0 Y2
T1 6 12
&
Y2 "0"
0
2 T1
T1 0 0
7
4
3 &
Y2 30
Weak feeder
0 trip
8
KG.10:Weak-fdbk tr.on
KG.11:Wk-fdbk.echo
on
KG.12:Unblock-mode on
Figure 4-1-8-3 the special Release-type logic of pilot protection
4.2 Distance protection and zero-sequence protection module
PSL602G applied the completely same backup protection (HW and SW), including
the fast distance protection, 3-zone phase-to-phase distance protection, 3-zone
grounding distance protection and 4-zone zero-sequence directional-overcurrent
protection. The principles of PSL602G’s distance protection and zero-sequence
protection are explained together.
36
4.2.1 Start element and group reset judgement

4.2.1.1 Start element
The protective start element is used to release the power-supply of protective-trip
output relay and start the fault-processing program. PSL602G takes the
superimpose-phase-current as the main start element. When system oscillates, the
floating threshold is added to the superimpose-start setting to automatically increase
the start threshold. As the auxiliary start element, the zero-sequence-current start
element is delayed for 30ms to ensure the priority of the superimpose-phase-current
start element. The start elements of each protective module are independent of each
other.
(1) Superimpose-phase-current start element
The criterion is:
△iφ>IQD +1.25△IT
Where:
△iφ＝| iφ(t)-2*iφ(t-T)+iφ(t-2T) | denotes the superimpose-phase-current;
IQD denotes the superimpose start setting
△IT＝max( | Iφ(t－T)-2*Iφ(t-2T)+Iφ(t-3T)] | ) denotes the maximum of
unbalanced phase current;
φ denotes phase A, B and C;
T is 20ms.
When the superimpose-phase-current of any phase is greater than the start threshold
for three times, the protection starts.
(2) Zero-sequence-current auxiliary start element
Since the sensitivity of the superimpose-phase-current start element is not enough for
long distance fault or big resistance fault, the zero-sequence-current start element is
set as a supplement. When the zero-sequence-current is greater than the start threshold
for 30ms, the element acts.
(3) Static and stable damage detection element
It is set to detect the system oscillation caused by the static and stable damage
happened under normal system operating conditions. Its criterion is:
37
BC phase-to-phase impedance keeps for 30ms in the impedance auxiliary element,

which has entire impedance characteristics;
Or
Phase-A current is greater than 1.2 * In (rated current) for 30ms and U1Cosφis
smaller than 0.5 * Vn (rated voltage).
When the element acts, the protective action starts to enter the oscillation-blocking
logic. When TV wire break occurs or the oscillation-blocking function is disabled, this
element becomes ineffective.
4.2.1.2 Group reset judgment
To ensure the proper action of the Equipment when the outputs are blocked by the
two-of-three logic of the start element, each protective module adopts the same
start-element and the modules detect the Group-Reset-Release signal for each other.
Only when all modules satisfy the group-reset conditions, could the Equipment carry
out the group reset.
4.2.2 Distance protection
The distance protection has three phase-to-phase distance protections (Zbc, Zca and Zab) and three
grounding distance protections (Za, Zb and Zc). Except the 3-zone distance, there are the auxiliary
impedance elements: 24 impedance relays. During all-phase operation, the 24 relays are put into
effect simultaneously; while during non-all-phase operation, only the relays of the sanity phases
are put into effect. For an example, when phase A is broken, only the protections of every zones in
Zbc, Zb and Zc circuits are effective. In order to increase the protective action speed further, the fast
distance zone-I is configured, which can quickly cut off the in-area faults in most of the practical
systems. In some special systems (such as extra long line), the output fault can also be quickly cut
off.
4.2.2.1 Fast distance zone-I

In the elementary-component-based protections, algorithm (or filter) is used to filter
the non-periodic component and the harmonic components. The longer the data
window is, the better the filtering effect is and the slower the protective action speed
will be. Since the magnitude and characteristics of the transient harmonics are quite
different in different systems, the selected algorithm has to meet the requirement for
38
the measuring precision under the most serious conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to
significantly increase the protective action speed. The fast distance zone-I provided in
PSL602G adopts a fast algorithm, which is based on the waveform identification
theory. It evaluates real-timely the noise level according to the fault current waveform
and adjusts automatically the action threshold (0-80% ZZD1). The protective action
speed is thus increased greatly.
When the instant phase-to-phase zone-I or grounding zone-I are put into effect, the
fast distance zone-I of the phase-to-phase or grounding circuit becomes effective
automatically.
4.2.2.2 Grounding distance protection
The grounding distance protection consists of the offset impedance element ZPYφ, the
zero-sequence impedance element X0φ and the positive-sequence directional element
F1φ . (φ=a, b and c)
The impedance element applies the algorithm of the differential equation with Fourier
integral. The grounding impedance algorithm is:
Uφ＝Lφd(Iφ+Kx3I0)/dt+Rφ(Iφ+Kr3I0)，φ=a,b,c
Where:
Kx=(X0-X1)/3X1，Kr=(R0-R1)/3R1
The action characteristics of zone-I and zone-II of the offset impedance element in the
grounding distance protection are shown by the thick solid lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-1.
The action characteristics of zone-III of the offset impedance element in the
grounding distance protection are shown by the thick solid lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-2.
The impedance setting ZZD is different for each zone, while the resistance component
setting RZD and the sensitive angleφZD are same for three zones. The offset threshold
varies automatically according to RZD and ZZD.
R' = min(0.5 RZD ,0.5Z ZD ) , i.e. the smaller one of ( 0.5 RZD，
0.5Z ZD )
X ' = min(0.5Ω,0.5Z ZD ) , i.e. the smaller of ( 0.5Ω，

0.5Z ZD )
39
In order to simplify the cooperation of the resistance components for each zone, the
obliquity of the boundary at characteristic resistance side is the same as the line
impedance angel Ф . Therefore, the fault-resistance-bearing capability in any
protective zone is same.
X
ZZD
12°
F1 X0
55° ΦZD ΦZD R

R’ 25° RZD
X’
Figure 4-2-2-2-1 the action characteristics of impedance zone-I and zone-II

X
ZⅢZD
55°
ΦZD ΦZD R
25°
F1
Figure 4-2-2-2-2 the action characteristics of impedance zone-III

Since ZPY can not distinguish the fault direction, the forward directional element
F1 is provided, which compares the phase of the positive-sequence voltage with that
of the circuit current. Take phase-A as an example:
Suppose:
U1=1/3(Ua+a Ub+a2 Uc)
The action criterion of the forward directional element F1a is:
U1
− 25 o ≤ arg ≤ 145 o
I A + K 3I 0
The action characteristics are shown by the double-dot lines in above Figure 4-2-2-2.
The voltages of the sanity phases are used by the forward directional element, the
40
correct direction is thus ensured when the asymmetric fault occurs at the line output
end. However, when 3-phase output fault happens, the positive-sequence voltage is
zero, the direction can not be hence correctly obtained. So, when the voltages of three
phases are all low, the direction is obtained by comparing the memorized voltages and
then fixed. After the voltages have been recovered, the positive-sequence voltage is
used again.
When two phases are grounding through a transition resistance or single phase
grounding through a transition resistance occurs at both ends of a source line, the
grounding impedance relay may have overrun. Because the zero-sequence impedance
element can prevent this kind of overrun, the grounding impedance is configured with
zero-sequence reactor X0 . The action equation of X0 is (take the reactor of phase-A
X0a as an example):
U ϕ − Z ZD ( I ϕ + K 3I 0 )
− 90 o ≤ arg jδ
≤ 90 o
I 0e
The action characteristics of X0 are shown by the dotted lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-1. It is
shown that the protective range of X0 is the same as that of ZPY.
4.2.2.3 Phase-to-phase distance protection
The phase-to-phase distance protection consists of the offset impedance element ZPYφφ
and the positive-sequence directional element F1φφ. (φφ=bc, ca and ab)
The phase-to-phase impedance algorithm is:
U＝LφφdIφφ/dt+RIφφ，φφ=bc,ca,ab
The action characteristics of zone-I and zone-II of the phase-to-phase offset
impedance are shown by the thick solid lines in Fig. Figure 4-2-2-2-1. The action
characteristics of zone-III of the offset impedance element in the grounding distance
protection are shown by the thick solid lines in Figure 4-2-2-2-2. The offset
characteristics of the phase-to-phase distance are the same as those of the grounding
distance. The impedance setting ZZD is different for each zone, while the sensitive
angleφZD are same for three zones. The resistance component of the phase-to-phase
offset impedance zone-I and zone-II is half of RZD, while that of zone-III is RZD. The
offset threshold varies automatically according to RZD and ZZD.
41
R' = min(0.5 RⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ

ZD ,0.5Z ZD ) , i.e. the smaller one of ( 0.5 RⅠZD,Ⅱ,Ⅲ ,0.5Z ZD )
X ' = min(0.5Ω,0.5Z ZD ) , i.e. the smaller one of ( 0.5Ω，

0.5Z ZD )
The principle of the forward directional element F1 used by the phase-to-phase

distance protection is the same as that of the grounding distance protection, which
compares the phase of the positive-sequence voltage with that of the phase-to-phase
current.
The impedance auxiliary elements are configured for the six impedance circuits (Zbc,
Zca, Zab, Za, Zb and Zc). They have the characteristics of the entire impedance
quadrilateral and their settings are the same as those of the impedance zone-III. The
action characteristics are shown in Figure 4-2-2-2. The impedance auxiliary
elements are used in the static and stable damage detection element and fault-phase
selection element, but not for the determination of fault range.
X
ZZD
φZD R
Figure 4.2.2.3 the impedance auxiliary element
4.2.2.4 Release of oscillation blocking

After the distance protection start, every distance zone is effective for a long period.
Within 150ms after the superimpose start, every zone is released for a short period.
After the zero-sequence auxiliary start, the static-and-stable-damage start, or 150ms
after the superimpose start, the protective program enters the oscillation-blocking
period, during which zone-I and zone-II return to effective only after the
oscillation-blocking-release element acts.
42
The oscillation-blocking release element should meet following requirements:

a) Release when there is no system oscillation
b) No release when there is pure system oscillation
c) Fast and reliable release when there is an in-area fault during system oscillation
d) No release when there is an out-area fault during system oscillation and the
distance protection may operate improperly.
For the lines, which will never have system oscillation, the oscillation blocking
function may be disabled by the Control Word to increase the protective action speed.
The oscillation-blocking-release element used in PSL602G, adopts the impedance
asymmetric method, the sequence component method and the oscillation track radius
check method. When any one acts, the protective zone-I and zone-II will be released.
The former two methods can only release the asymmetric faults and they are disabled
during non-all-phase operation. The last method is enabled during both all- and
non-all phase operations.
The principles and criteria of each method is explained as followings:
1) Impedance asymmetric method
When the phase-selection element selects phase-A and the measured impedance
between phase-B and phase-C is out of the auxiliary impedance range, the impedance
zone-I and zone-II of phase-A are released. The grounding distance protection of
phase-B and phase-C are the same.
During system oscillation, if the power angle of both sides is about 180°, the
auxiliary zone of the phase-to-phase impedance may act, which will not release the
grounding distance protection. If the power angle of both sides is about 0°, the
grounding distance protection will be released, which will not lead to improper action.
The advantage of this method is that the protection can be released during grounding
through high impedance, while the disadvantage is that only the single phase
grounding fault is released.
43
2) Sequence component method
When I0＋I2>mI1 , the distance protection is released. It is based on the zero- and
negative-sequence components during the asymmetric fault. Where m is the reliability
coefficient, used to prevent the protective misoperation during the out-area faults.
3) Oscillation track radius check method
For the pure system oscillation or the fault through the transition resistance during system
oscillation, the changing track of the measured impedance is a circle. For the metal-type faults, it
changes to a point. The impedance changing rate dz/dt has internal relationship with the radium of
track circle. It measures the impedance track to prevent the protective misoperation caused by the
out-area faults during system oscillation. The method is that when following criteria are met, the
phase-to-phase distance protection BC is released:
dZ bc
a) < 0.5Z Σ
dt
dZ bc
b) Z bc > 2
dt
dZ bc
c) Z bc < Z zd − 4
dt
Where:
Z zd denotes the setting of distance protection;
Z Σ denotes the threshold, smaller than the total system impedance, set
automatically by the Equipment according to the protective settings.

The phase-to-phase protections of CA and AB, the grounding distance protections of
A, B and C are the same.
Condition a) prevents the misoperation of the distance protection during pure system
oscillation. Condition b) prevents the misoperation of the distance protection at the
inverse directional fault during the system oscillation. Condition c) prevents the
misoperation of the distance protection at the out-area fault during the system
oscillation. It is ensured that when the system oscillation duration is less than 3s, no
44
protective misoperation will happen. To increase the security further, this element will
be automatically blocked when the long system-oscillation duration has been detected
by the Equipment.
When the output fault occurs, the action failure will happen in condition b). Therefor,
a superimpose directional element is added. When criterion a) and c) are met, and
criterion b) is not met, if the superimpose directional element has acted, release the
distance protection for 100ms.
4.2.2.5 Closing speed-up protection
During the reclosing speed up period of the distance protection, the resistance
component of the offset characteristics for the instant speed-up-offset-impedance
zone-II and zone-III is half of the resistance setting of the distance protection. They
can be enabled or disabled according to the Control Word separately.
During the manual closing-speed-up period of the distance protection, the resistance
component of the offset characteristics for the instant speed-up-offset-impedance
zone-III is half of the resistance setting of the distance protection.
After reclosing or manual closing, the distance protection zone-I, zone-II and zone-III
will still perform according to the corresponding time settings.
After reclosing, if there is current, the reclosing speed up pulse will be prolonged by
400ms. If there is no current, the reclosing speed up pulse will be prolonged by 1s. It
is 3 seconds for the manual closing speed up pulse.
4.2.3 Distance protection logic
45
Figure 4-2-3 the block diagram of distance protection logic
46
4.3. Zero-sequence protection
The zero-sequence protection of PSL602G has four zones and a speed-up zone,
whether they have directional elements is chosen by the Control Word. The
zero-sequence protection for the TV wire break of zone-I is also enabled or disabled
by the Control Word (this zone is not controlled by the pressure-plate). There are the
pressure-plates for zero-sequence zone-I, zone-II and general zero-sequence. When
the general pressure-plate is disabled, all zones of the zero-sequence protection are
disabled. Set the current setting and time setting to the maximum to disable zone-III
or speed-up zone separately.
The current setting of zero-sequence zone-IV is also the current start setting of the
zero-sequence protection. Set the time setting of zone-IV to 100s to disable
zero-sequence zone-IV. In order to make all the protective modules have the same
zero-sequence current start sensitivity, set zone-IV’s current setting of the
zero-sequence protection as that of other protective modules.
The zero-sequence zone-I and zone-II can be set as sensitive zone or non-sensitive
zone by the Control Word. During non-all-phase operation and reclosing, zone-I or
zone-II, which is set as non-sensitive zone, is effective, while zone-I or zone-II, which
is set as sensitive zone, is ineffective.
Zero-sequence voltage 3U0 is calculated automatically by the protection, i.e. 3U0＝
Ua+Ub+Uc. When 3U0 <2V, the zero-sequence directional element is blocked. The
action range of the zero-sequence directional element is:
•
o 3U 0 o
170 ≤ arg •
≤ 330
3I 0
When line TV is applied, during the non-all phase operation or Closing-speed-up,

since the derived 3U0 is not generated merely by the fault, the zero-sequence power
directional element is automatically disabled.
After TV wire break, the directional element of the zero-sequence protection will
perform improperly. Whether the zero-sequence protection has still the direction is
depending on the Control Word (Zero-Sequence Direction ON while TV wire break).
47
If it is ON, all the zero-sequence-current zones with the direction will become
ineffective.
The independent speed-up zone of the zero-sequence protection puts into effect during
the reclosing speed up pulse or manual closing speed up pulse. The current setting and
delay of the zero-sequence speed-up zone are settable.
The action of zero-sequence zone-III and zone-IV is permanent trip or selectable trip
depends on the control word separately.
48
4.3.5 Zero-sequence protection logic
Figure 4-3-5 the block diagram of zero-sequence protection logic
49
4.4 Reclosing module
For single breaker line-connection, the Reclosing function is added in PSL602G to

implement the functions of single phase reclosing, 3 phases reclosing and integrated
reclosing. The reclosing in PSL602G is of the single-shot type. The reclosing can be
triggered by the trip or breaker-position of own protection and it can be triggered by
other protections through the terminals of single phase trip start or 3 phases trip start.
4.4.1 Reclosing modes
There are single phase reclosing mode, integrated reclosing mode, 3 phases reclosing
mode and Ineffective mode, which are selected by the binary inputs of reclosing mode
1 and reclosing mode 2. Refer to table 4-4-1:
Table 4-4-1 the definitions of binary input reclosing mode 1 and reclosing mode 2
Binary inputs
Reclosing modes
Reclosing Mode 1 Reclosing Mode 2
0 0 Single Phase
1 0 Integrated(Single & 3
Phases)
0 1 3 Phases
1 1 Ineffective
Where:
0 = 0V; 1 = 24V.
When both reclosing mode 1 and reclosing mode 2 are 0V, the single phase reclosing
mode is enabled:
Single phase trip and reclosing for the system single phase fault;
3 phases trip for the system multi-phase fault, no reclosing.
When reclosing mode 1 is 24V and reclosing mode 2 is 0V, the integrated reclosing
mode is enabled:
Single phase trip and reclosing for the system single phase fault;
3 phases trip and reclosing for the system multi-phase fault.
50
When reclosing mode 1 is 0V and reclosing mode 2 is 24V, the 3 phases reclosing
mode is enabled:
3 phases trip and reclosing for any system fault.
When both reclosing mode 1 and reclosing mode 2 are 24V, the reclosing is
ineffective.
Cooperated with the protection, the conditional 3 phases reclosing mode can be
implemented:
3 phases trip and reclosing for the system single phase fault;
3 phases trip for the system multi-phases fault, no reclosing.
4.4.2 Start Reclosing
The Reclosing of PSL602G can be started by following modes:
(1) Protective single phase trip
(2) Protective 3 phases trip
(3) Breaker-Position
The conditions of the Breaker-Position start are (AND gate):
(1) Bit 0 of the Control Word is 1
(2) Single phase switch-off or three-phase switch-off of breaker (the single phase
trip relay or three-phase trip relay action)
(3) No current on tripped phase
(4) The conditions for single phase trip or 3 phases trip are not satisfied
(5) The post-closing relay acts (only the post-closing relay is set as useful)
The STJ signal is connected to the binary input terminal of Block-Reclosing to block
the Breaker-Position start during manual trip.
The conditions of the single phase trip start are (AND gate):
(1) The protective single phase trip signal is issued
(2) No current on tripped phase
(3) The conditions for 3 phases trip are not satisfied
The conditions of the 3 phases trip start are (AND gate):
(1) The protective 3 phases trip signal is issued
(2) No currents on three phases
51
(3) In integrated reclosing mode or 3 phases reclosing mode

4.4.3 Reclosing charge and discharge
A software counter is designed in the Reclosing logic of PSL602G to simulate the
charge and discharge circuit of Reclosing.
The conditions of Reclosing discharge are (OR gate):
(1) In Ineffective mode
(2) The binary input terminal of Block-Reclosing is connected to 24V
(3) The Reclosing has not started within 200ms after the binary input terminal of
Low-Pressure has connected to 24V
(4) The breaker is at 3 phases trip position in single phase reclosing mode
(5) The permanent trip command is issued by the Protection
(6) The remote closing or remote trip command is issued by the equipment
The conditions of Reclosing charge are (AND gate):
(1) The discharge conditions of Reclosing are not satisfied
(2) The protection has not started
(3) Return of tripped relay
The charge time of Reclosing is 20s or 12s (selectable), the lamp of Reclosing-ON is
flashing on the front panel of the Equipment during charging, which is lit after charge
and dark after discharge.
4.4.4 Sync/Voltage-loss check
The Reclosing of PSL602G has four Sync/Voltage-loss Check modes:
(1) Voltage-loss check
(2) Sync check
(3) Voltage-loss check, if there is voltage, change to Sync check
(4) Non-Sync (no Sync/Voltage-loss check)
They are selected by the first bit and second bit of the Control Word as shown in Table
4-4-4:
52
Table 4-4-4 the selection of Sync/Voltage-loss Check modes

Control Word
Sync/Voltage-loss Check modes
Bit 1 Bit 2
0 0 Non-Sync (no Sync/Voltage-loss check)
0 1 Sync check
1 0 Voltage-loss check
1 1 Voltage-loss check, if there is voltage, change to Sync
check
By Bit 3 of the Control Word, the 3-Phase-voltage-Check-for-Single-Phase Reclosing mode can be
selected, which is used for large power plant side to prevent the impact upon the units when
closing on the fault phase during system output fault.
4.4.5 3 phases trip connect

The 3 phases trip connect logic is designed in the Equipment.
The conditions of 3 phases trip connect are (OR gate)
(1) In 3 phases reclosing mode or Ineffective mode
(2) Reclosing charge has not completed
When the condition of 3 phases trip connect is met, the two pares of 3 phases trip
connect contacts on the Reclosing output card closing and connect to the 3 phases trip
circuit in operation box through the relay (BDJ) of another protection in series. If the
Single phase trip command has been issued by own protection, then the 3 phases trip
command will be issued by the Reclosing.
53
4.4.6 Reclosing logic

TWJA KG.0
≥1 1
TWJB
H1 0
"0"
TWJC
KG.13 &
Post-closing 1
relay 0 Y1
"1"
No current in
corresponding phase
=1
External single phase
& &
H3 CQJ1
trip start =1
Local single phase trip Y2 Y3
H2
start
KG.3 &
t1
Check 3-phases 1 0
voltage Y5 =1
"1" 0 t1
H4
Check Sync/3-phases
voltage
&
t3
0
Y4
TWJA t2
&
TWJB
Y6
TWJC
KG.13 & KG.0
Post-closing 1 1
relay 0 Y7 0
=1
CQJ3
"1" "0" H6
No current in 3-
phases
Local 3-phases trip

&
start =1
External 3phases trip Y8
H5
start
Permanent trip =1
=1 H8
Block reclosing
H7
Ineffetive reclosing
Single phase
reclosing mode
& =1
3-phases trip state =1

Y9 H10
H9
200
Low pressure 0
&
t3
Y10
CQJ1 =1
CQJ3 H11
&
0
& 100
=1
& tc
TWJA 1 Y13 CHJ
=1 Y12 t6 H13
TWJB Y11 t4
H12
TWJC
No current in
corresponding &
phase
Y15
&
300
0 Y14
t5
3-phases =1 Connect 3-phases trip

reclosing/ineffetive =1
output
Protectionmode
reclosing power H15
H14
off
Figure 4-4-6 the block diagram of reclosing logic
54
4.5 Others
4.5.1 TV wire break

The TV wire break check of PSL602G has the asymmetric wire break identification
and the three phases pressure loss identification.
The asymmetric wire break identification is carried out before the protective start.
After the protective start, only the flag, which was set before start, will be referred to.
When line TV is applied and one phase is open, the asymmetric wire break
identification will not be carried out. The criteria of the asymmetric wire break are:
(1) | U a + U b + U c |> 8V
⎧ Un
⎪⎪U 2 >
(2) ⎨ 2
⎪ In I
⎪⎩ I 2 < 4 或 < 1
I 2
4
When one of above two criteria is satisfied, after a delay of 100ms, the pilot
protection and the distance protection are blocked. If it prolongs for 1.25s, the TV
wire break signal is issued and the TV wire break event reported.
Before the protective start, the criteria of the three-phase voltage-loss are:
When bus TV is applied:
| U a | + | U b | + | U c |< 0 .5U n
When line TV is applied:
| U a | + | U b | + | U c |< 0 .5U n and the switches are not at Trip position
(no TWJA, TWJB or TWJC action)

or
One phase current is greater than 0.04In
When above criteria are satisfied, set the Three-Phase-voltage-Loss flag. After a delay
of 100ms, the high-frequency protection and the distance protection are blocked. If it
prolongs for 1.25s, the TV wire Break signal is issued and the
Three-Phase-voltage-Loss event reported.
Either the TV asymmetric wire break or the three phases voltage loss is taken as the
55
TV wire break.
During TV wire break, the high-frequency protection and the distance protection
become ineffective, the static-and-stable-damage detection element is disabled.
Whether the directional element of the zero-sequence current protection should be
disabled depends on the Control Word. These zones of the zero-sequence current
protection, which have no directional element, are effective, while those, which have
no directional element, will be ineffective.
In the distance protection module and the zero-sequence current protection module,
the TV wire break zero-sequence current protection and the TV wire break phase
current protection may put into effect during TV wire break according to the Control
Word. Their settings and delays can be set separately.
After TV wire break, if the voltage recovers, the TV wire break signal lamp is reset,
the corresponding TV-wire break/Voltage-loss Disappear event is reported, and all
protections recover to normal automatically.
4.5.2 TA abnormal identification
Running in 2 hours, protection checks AC sequence, which is applied:
1）3I2>0.25IN;
2）3I2>4*3I1;
3）duration 1min;
When above criteria are satisfied, the TA inverse sequence is reported.
When the maximum phase-to-phase-current difference is greater than 50% of the
maximum phase-current, after a delay of 10 minutes the Asymmetric-TA-Load is
reported.
When the zero-sequence current 3I0 is greater than the zero-sequence auxiliary start
setting, after a delay of 10s the Unbalanced-TA is reported and the zero-sequence
auxiliary start element is blocked. One second after the zero-sequence current has
returned back, the protection recovers to normal immediately.
4.5.3 Information record and analysis
PSL602G has the fault waveform recording function. The recordable analogs are ia, ib,
ic, 3i0, ua, ub, uc, 3u0 and uxc. The actual recorded analogs depend on the incoming
56
analogs of the Equipment. The recordable binaries are the positions of breaker, the
protective closing command, the data-receiving states of the high-frequency
protection and the communication control states. The 3u0 is not an incoming
parameter, which is calculated by the Equipment through adding the three phase
voltages together. However, it is recorded to simplify the analysis.
Only when the line impedance enters the impedance auxiliary zone or the
zero-sequence zone-IV, the recording data are stored in Flash memory (involatile
during power-loss) to prevent the unnecessary data storage caused by the frequent
protective start under system disturbance. Otherwise, data are stored in RAM only.
12~48 waveform recording reports can be recorded (depending on the complexity of
fault, normally 30 reports). More than 1500 events can be recorded. The recorded
reports or events can be read by PC.
Except the system disturbance data, PSL602G records the COS event of binary inputs,
Equipment alarm event, etc.
When PSL602G outputs Trip command, the fault type and location are given by the
distance protection.
With the debug/analysis software PSView, the recorded data of PSL602G can be read,
analyzed and saved, such as waveforms, events, settings, protective action process
(Flag sets). PSView can real-timely read the events sent by the protections and read
the historic information stored in the Equipment, which will not influence the proper
operation of the protections.
4.5.4 Cooperation with the substation automation system
PSL602G can be used in both automatic and non-automatic substations.
When it is used in non-automatic substation, the Hard-Pressure-Plate mode is set by
the keyboard of the Equipment. The operation modes of the Equipment are then set by
the external pressure plates, the settings are changed manually and the breakers are
tripped or closed manually except under the line fault conditions. The information of
the Equipment is given by signal lamps, LCD and printers, or displayed by PSView
on PC.
When it is used in automatic substation, the Soft-Pressure-Plate mode is set by the
57
keyboard of the Equipment. The operation modes of the Equipment are then remotely
set by the supervisory system, and the settings are changed by the supervisory system.
Other functional pressure plates and setting exchange operations are ineffective. The
breakers can be remotely operated through the Equipment and the protective
information can be real-timely sent upward through communication.
58
5 Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
Chapter 5: Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings
PSL602G Digital HV Line Protection Setting
5.1. Setting list and descriptions of the pilot directional protection
Table 5-1-1 the setting list of the pilot directional protection

No. Name ID Range Unit Note
0000～ Refer to the definition of
1 Parameter 1 KG Non
FFFF Control Word 1
0000～ Refer to the definition of
2 Parameter 2 KG Non
FFFF Control Word 2
0.05～
3 Su-chg-val.star. IQD A
200.0
0.05～
4 Z-s. cur. star I04 A 3I0
200.0
5 Pil-z-s. current 3I0 0.05～100 A
6 Pil-dis. imped ZDZ 0～200 Ω
7 Pil-dis. resist RDZ 0～200 Ω
8 Ln.pos-s.imp.ang ΦZD 45～90 Degree
9 Z-s.res.os.ratio KR -4～+4 Non
10 Z-s.rea.os.ratio KX -4～+4 Non
Setting description:
1. Su-chg-val.star. (Superimpose changing current start setting)
It is used to ensure the enough sensitivity for the line end fault. It should be the same
as those of other CPU modules to make the start sensitivity of every CPU module
same. The suggested value is: 0.2In (when the rated current of TA is 1A, then it is
0.2A, when the rated current of TA is 5A, then it is 1A).
2. Z-s. cur. star (Zero-sequence current start setting)
It is set according to the maximum unbalanced zero-sequence current. It is also used

as the zero-sequence current threshold of zero-sequence inverse-directional element.
It should be the same as those of other CPU modules to make the start sensitivity of
every CPU module same.
3. Pil-z-s. current (Pilot zero-sequence current setting)
59
It is used as the zero-sequence current threshold of zero-sequence forward-directional

element. It is used to ensure the enough sensitivity for the line end fault.
4. Pil-dis. Imped (Pilot distance impedance setting)
It is used to ensure the enough sensitivity for the line end fault. Note that the
Stop-Communication setting is shared by the high-frequency grounding protection
and the high-frequency distance protection.
5. Pil-dis. resist (Pilot distance resistance setting)
It defines the resistance component boundary of the impedance quadrilateral
characteristics. It is set according to the possible maximum load of own line, with
more than 1.5 times of the redundancy, i.e.:
R≤ (the impedance of the maximum load) / 1.5
6. Z-s.res.os.ratio K r and Z-s.rea.os.ratio K X (The zero-sequence resistance
compensating coefficient K r and the zero-sequence impedance compensating
coefficient K X ) are:
X 0 − X1 R0 − R1
Kx = ， Kr =
3X 1 3R1
Where:
R1 and X1 denote the line positive-sequence resistance and impedance; R0
and X0 denote the line zero-sequence resistance and impedance.

7. Ln.pos-s.imp.ang(Line positive-sequence impedance angel)
It is set according to the actual positive-sequence impedance-angel of the line.
8. Control Word descriptions of the high-frequency protection
Table 5-1-2 the descriptions of the high-frequency protection Control Word 1
Bit Definition for 1 (ON) Definition for 0 (OFF) Note
15 TA,TV s-ck on TA,TV s-ck off
14 TA rated curt.1A TA rated curt. 5A
13 Blocking mode Release mode
12 In Release mode
Unblock-mode on Unblock-mode off
only
11 Wk-fdbk.echo on Wk-fdbk.echo off
60
10 Only when
Weak-fdbk tr. on Weak-fdbk tr. off Weak-Feeder-Echo
is effective
9 Oscil.block on Oscil.block off
8 Regul.ck.ch. on Regul.ck.ch. off
7 Only when
9:00 day ck.ch 10:00 day ck.ch Schedule-channel-c
heck is effective
6 I-p.flt.3-tr.on I-p.flt.3-tr. off
5 3-p.flt.3-tr.on 3-p.flt.3-tr.off
4 p-p.flt.3-tr.on p-p.flt.3-tr. off
3 Pil.dis.acc.on Pil.dis.acc.off
2 Pil. Z-s. dir. Pil. Z-s.no dir.
1 Both Release and
Ch.sig.conf. 8 ms Ch.sig.conf.5 ms
Blocking modes
0 In Blocking mode
Mult-carri. mode Spec-trams.mode
only
Table 5-1-3 the descriptions of the high-frequency protection Control Word 2

15 TV on line TV on busbar
14~0 Standby Standby
Note: The standby bits are set to 0.
5. 2. Setting list and descriptions of the distance protection and the zero-sequence
protection
Table 5-2-1 the setting list of the distance protection and the zero-sequence protection

1 KG1 0000～FFFF Non Refer to the definition
Parameter 1
of Control Word
Parameter 2
of Control Word
Parameter 3
of Control Word
4 Su-chg-val.star. IQD 0.1～200.0 A
5 Ln.pos-s.imp.ang φZD 45.0～90.0 Degree
6 Dis.prot.res.set RL 0～200.0 Ω
7 Z-s.res.os.ratio KR -4.00～4.00 Non
8 Z-s.rea.os.ratio KX -4.00～4.00 Non
9 p-p dis.zn.1 imp ZX1 0～200.0 Ω
10 p-p dis.zn.2 imp ZX2 0～200.0 Ω
11 p-p dis.zn.3 imp ZX3 0～200.0 Ω
61

12 p-p dis.zn.1 tm. TX1 0～0.1 Sec.
13 p-p dis.zn.2 tm. TX2 0.1～100.0 Sec.
14 p-p dis.zn.3 tm. TX3 0.1～100.0 Sec.
15 Gd.dis.zn.1 imp ZD1 0～200.0 Ω
18 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm. TD1 0～0.1 Sec.
19 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm. TD2 0.1～100.0 Sec.
20 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm. TD3 0.1～100.0 Sec.
21 Z-s.zn.1 curt I01 0.1～200.0 A
22 Z-s.zn.2 curt I02 0.1～200.0 A
23 Z-s.zn.3curt I03 0.1～200.0 A
24 Z-s.zn.4 curt I04 0.1～200.0 A
25 Z-s.accr.zn.curt. I0JS 0.1～200.0 A
26 I0DX 0.1～200.0 A During TV wire
Z-s.zn.curt-TV f
break
27 Z-s.zn.1. time T01 0～100.0 Sec.
28 Z-s.zn.2.time T02 0～100.0 Sec.
29 Z-s.zn.3.time T03 0.1～100.0 Sec.
30 Z-s.zn.4.time T04 0.1～100.0 Sec.
31 Z-s.accr.zn.curt T0JS 0.06～100.0 Sec.
32 T0DX 0～100.0 Sec. During TV wire
Z-s.zn.curt-TV f
break
33 IDX 0.1～200.0 A During TV wire
O/C-TV fail
break
34 TDX 0～100.0 Sec. During TV wire
O/C time-TV fail
break
35 Ranging ratio DBL 0.1～500.0 km/Ω
Setting descriptions:
1. Su-chg-val.star. (Superimpose changing current start setting)
It is used to ensure the enough sensitivity for line end fault. It should be the same as
those of other CPU modules to make the start sensitivity of every CPU module same.
2. Ln.pos-s.imp.ang (Line positive-sequence impedance angle setting)
It is set according to the actual line positive-sequence impedance-angle, which is
shared by the phase-to-phase distance protection and the grounding distance
protection.
62
3. Dis.prot.res.set (Distance protection resistance setting)

It defines the right boundary of the impedance quadrilateral characteristics. It is set
according to the possible maximum load of own line with more than 1.5 times of the
redundancy, i.e.:
R≤ (the impedance of the maximum load) / 1.5
The resistance component of the impedance quadrilateral characteristics for the
grounding distance zone-I, zone-II, zone-III and the phase-to-phase distance zone-III
is set as this setting. While the resistance component for the phase-to-phase distance
zone-I and zone-II is set as half of this setting.
4. Z-s.res.os.ratio K r and Z-s.rea.os.ratio K X (The zero-sequence resistance
compensating coefficient K r and the zero-sequence impedance compensating
coefficient K X ) are:
X 0 − X1 R0 − R1
Kx = ， Kr =
3X 1 3R1
Where:
R1 and X1 denote the line positive-sequence resistance and impedance; R0

and X0 denote the line zero-sequence resistance and impedance.
5. p-p dis.zn.X imp, p-p dis.zn.X tm. , Gd.dis.zn.X imp, Gd.dis.zn.X tm. (The
impedance settings and time settings for the zones of the distance protection)
The impedance setting of the distance protection zone is the impedance of that
protective zone (changes automatically by the protection).
The settings have to meet following conditions. Otherwise, they will not pass the
plausibility check:
Impedance of zone-I <= Impedance of zone-II <= Impedance of zone-III
To disable a zone of the distance protection or the overcurrent protection, set its
impedance setting as its neighboring zone and its time setting to 100s.
6. Z-s.zn.X.curt (The zero-sequence current setting)
Set the zero-sequence current setting for each zone separately, there is no requirement
63
for their order.

7. Ranging ratio (The distance-measuring coefficient)
It is used to convert the impedance, measured by the distance protection, into the
distance in km from the fault point to the protection. It means physically the length of
line in km per ohm (secondary impedance). The distance-measuring coefficient DBL
is:
L
DBL = × K PT
X 1 K CT
Where:
L: Total length of line
X1: Total positive-sequence impedance in Ohm (primary impedance)
KTV: TV ratio
KTA: TA ratio
The fault distance is then the measured impedance times the coefficient. For example:
If:
Total line length: 30km
Total positive-sequence impedance: 11.4Ω
KTA = 1200
5
KTV = 220
0.1
Then:
DBL=24.12
8. Control Word descriptions of the distance protection and the zero-sequence
protection
Each Control Word has 16 bits and Bit 0 is the least.
Table 5-2-2 the descriptions of distance protection Control Word
14 TA rated curt.1A TA rated curt. 5A
11-13 Stanby Standby
10 I-p.re-flt.p-tr I-p.re-flt. 3-tr
9 3-p flt.p-tr.on 3-p flt.p-tr.off
64
8 P-p flt.p-tr.on P-p flt.p-tr.off

7 Dis.zn2 p-tr.on Dis.zn2 p-tr.off
5 Dis.z3 shift on Dis.z3 shift off
4 Rec.acc.zn.3 on Rec.acc.zn.3 off
1 Dis.zn.2&3 on Dis.zn.2&3 off
0 Dis.zn.1 on Dis.zn.1 off
Table 5-2-3 the descriptions of the zero-sequence protection Control Word
15 Standby Standby
14 U0 s-c-v.op.I0 No U0 s-c-v.o.I0
13 Z-s.zn.2 p-t on Z-s.zn.2 p-t off
12 TV on line TV on BUS
11 O/C on as TV f. O/C off as TV f.
10 Z-s on as TV f. Z-s off as TV f.
9 Z-s.dir.TV f. Z-s.dir.TV f.
8 Z-s.zn.4 p-tr.on Z-s.zn.4 p-tr. off
7 Z-s.zn.3 p-tr.on Z-s.zn.3 p-tr. off
6 Z-s.zn.2 sens Z-s.zn.2 insens.
5 Z-s.zn.1 sens. Z-s.zn.1 insens.
4 Z-s.accr. dir Z-s.accr.no dir
3 Z-s.zn.4 dir Z-s.zn.4 no dir
Note 1: When line TV has the wire break, during the non-all-phase operation and the
closing speed-up, the zero-sequence power direction becomes automatically
ineffective.
Note 2: When TV has the wire break, all zero-sequence current zones with direction
are ineffective.
Note 3: The standby bits are set to 0.
Table 5-2-4 the descriptions of the distance/zero-sequence protection Control Word 3
15 Fast dis.zn.1 on Fast dis.zn.1 off
14-2 Standby Standby
1 Z-s.zn4 i-p a. Z-s.zn4 i-p una.
0 Z-s.zn.4 n-dir Z-s.zn.4 no n-dir
65
Notes for Control Word 3:

1. Zero-sequence zone-IV non-all-phase speed-up
When the zero-sequence zone-IV runs in the non-all-phase speed-up mode, the action
time is changed to its time setting minus 0.5s automatically. When the zero-sequence
zone-IV runs in the non-all-phase mode without speed-up, the action time is still its
time setting.
2. Non-directional zone is added to zero-sequence zone-IV
While zero-sequence zone-IV is reserved, a Non-directional auxiliary zone is added to
zero-sequence zone-IV. Its zero-sequence current setting is set as zone-IV and its time
setting is the time setting of zone-IV plus 0.5s. This zone is added to prevent the
action failure of zero-sequence zone-IV when the zero-sequence voltage is smaller
than the voltage threshold of zero-sequence directional element.
5. 3 Setting list and descriptions of the reclosing
PSL602G has Reclosing function, PSL602GA has not Reclosing function.

Table 5-3-1 the setting list and descriptions of Reclosing
1 KG 0～FFFF Non Refer to the definition of
Parameter
Control Word
2 IQD 0.05～200 A
Su-chg-val.star.
3 I04 0.05～200 A
Z-s. cur. star.
4 Reclo.n-v-ck set UWY 10V～100 V

5 Reclo.syn-ck set φTQ 10～180 Degree
6 S.P.reclo.l-del T1L 0～99.99 Sec.
7 S.P.reclo.s-del T1S 0～99.99 Sec.
8 3-P.reclo.l-del T3L 0～99.99 Sec.
9 3-P.reclo.s-del T3S 0～99.99 Sec.
Setting descriptions:
1. Z-s. cur. star.(Zero-sequence current start setting)
66
It is set according to the maximum unbalanced zero-sequence current, refer to

Zero-sequence zone-IV current setting. It should be the same as those of other CPU
modules to make the start sensitivity of every CPU module same.
2. Reclo.n-v-ck set (Reclosing voltage-loss setting)
It is used at the load side in 3 phases or integrated Reclosing modes. After the 3
phases trip of both sides, only when it is verified by the voltage-loss element that the
switches at the source side have tripped, can the reclosing be carried out. It is
normally set to 20%~30% of line rated voltage.
3. Reclo.syn-ck set (Reclosing sync angle)
It is used at the source side in 3 phases or integrated Reclosing modes. After the
successful 3 phases reclosing at the load side, the sync voltage check is carried out at
the source side. To ensure the reliable and successful reclosing at the source side, it is
normally set to 30~40 degree.
4. 3-P.reclo.l-del (3 phases reclosing long delay)
It is often used at the load side in 3 phases or integrated Reclosing modes and set to
10s normally to avoid the unnecessary impact on system.
5. 3-P.reclo.s-del (3 phases reclosing short delay)
It is often used at the source side in 3 phases or integrated Reclosing modes and set to
1s normally. In single phase reclosing mode, both the 3 phases reclosing long delay
and the 3 phases reclosing short delay are set to about 10s.
6. S.P.reclo.l-del (Single phase reclosing long delay)
It is often used when the high-frequency (pilot) protection of own line is ineffective
and the Reclosing is still effective. It is normally set according to the delay time of the
zero-sequence protection zone at opposite side plus a time difference. That
zero-sequence protection zone has the whole-line sensitivity.
7. S.P.reclo.s-del (Single phase reclosing short delay)
It is often used when the high-frequency (pilot) protection of own line is effective. It
is normally set to the stable best reclosing time of the system (0.6~0.8s). In single
phase reclosing mode, the single phase reclosing long delay and the single reclosing
short delay are same.
67
8. Control Word descriptions of the Reclosing

Table 5-3-2 the descriptions of the Reclosing Control Word
14 TA rated curt.1A TA rated curt.5A
13 Post-clg. useful Post-clg.useless
12～5 Standby Standby
4 S-p.reclo.3pv-ck S-p.r.no-3pv-ck.
3 Re-charge T-12s Re-charge T-20s
2 recl. syn-ck. no-v-ck./syn-ck
1 recl. no-v-ck. non-syn recl.
0 unexp.tr.& recl. unexp.tr.no recl
Appendix 1: PSL602G (A)’s CPU1 (Pilot Protection) Communication Code Table
Table-1：Communication Code of Alarm group

Index COM Ethernet Full name Abbreviation
01 50H 01H Pilot protection initialization Pil－prot. initia
02 51H 02H RAM error RAM error
03 52H 03H EPROM error EPROM error
04 53H 04H FLASH error FLASH error
05 54H 05H EEPROM error EEPROM error
06 55H 06H Invalid setting area Invalid setting
07 56H 07H Setting verification error Set.check error
08 57H 08H Binary input abnormal Abnor. Digit-in
09 58H 09H Binary output abnormal Abnor. Digit-out
10 59H 0AH AD error A/D error
11 5AH 0BH Internal voltage lower Low.int.power
12 5BH 0CH Zone-offset violation Z-shift ovreach
13 5CH 0DH PT wire-break TV failed
14 5DH 0EH PT triple-phase voltage loss TV 3-p.vol. loss
15 5EH 0FH PT inverse sequence TV inverse seq
16 5FH 10H CT wire-break TA failed
17 60H 11H CT unbalance TA unblance
18 61H 12H CT inverse sequence TA inverse seq.
19 62H 13H Load asymmetry Load asymmetry
20 63H 14H Pilot channel abnormal Pil.ch.abnormal
21 64H 15H Pilot TWJ abnormal Pil.tr.st.abnor.
Abnormal binary input of protective
22 65H 16H Prot.tr.DI abnor
trip
23 66H 17H Long term over-current Long term O/C
24 67H 18H Pilot overload alarm Pil. O/L alarm
68
25 00H 19H PT wire-break recovery TV fail. out

26 00H 1AH PT triple-phase voltage loss recovery TV 3-p.v-loss out
27 00H 1BH PT inverse sequence recovery TV inv.seq. out
28 00H 1CH CT wire-break recovery TA fail. out
29 00H 1DH CT unbalance recovery TA load unb. out
30 00H 1EH CT inverse sequence recovery TA inv.seq. out
31 00H 1FH Load asymmetry recovery Load asym. out
32 00H 20H Abnormal pilot channel recovery Pil.ch.abnor.put
33 00H 21H abnormal Pilot TWJ recovery Pil.tr.st.ab. out
Abnormal binary input of protective
34 00H 22H Tr.DI abnor.out
trip recovery
Long term over-current recovery Long term O/C
35 00H 23H
out
36 00H 24H Pilot long term overload recovery Pil.O/L.alm.ret.
Table-2：Communication Code of Event group
Pilot protection phase
01 00H 01 Pil.prot.Ph.A tr
A trip
02 01H 02 Pilot protection phase B trip Pil.prot.Ph.B tr
03 02H 03 Pilot protection phase Ctrip Pil.prot.Ph.C tr
04 03H 04 Pilot protection sigle-phase trip fail Pil.s-p.tr.fail.
05 04H 05 Pilot protection 3-phase trip Pil.prot.3-ph tr
06 05H 06 Pilot protection 3-phase- trip fail Pil.3-ph-tr.fail
07 06H 07 Pilot protection permanent trip Pil.prot.p-trip
08 07H 08 Pilot protection permanent-trip fail Pil.p-trip fail
Pilot protection permanent-trip fail Pil.p-trip.fail
09 08H 09
return recovery
Pilot distance permanent trip
10 09H 0AH Pil.dis.p-tr.acc
accelerate
11 0AH 0BH Pilot no-phase-selection 3 trip Pil.no ph-sel.3t
12 0BH 0CH Pilot protection start Pil-prot.start
13 0CH 0DH Pilot protection group reset Pil-prot.reset
14 0DH 0EH Pilot protection long term unreturn Pil.lg-tm.unret
Table-3：Communication Code of DI group

PSL602G
Index Full name Abbreviation
01 Phase-A trip state Ph-A trip state
02 Phase-B trip state Ph-B trip state
03 Phase-C trip state Ph-C trip state
04 Pilot protection on Pilot-protect.on
05 Receiver input Receiver input
69
06 Channel test Channel test

07 Phase-A trip feedback Ph-A tr.feedback
08 Phase-B trip feedback Ph-B tr.feedback
09 Phase-C trip feedback Ph-C tr.feedback
10 3-phases trip feedbakc 3-ph tr.feedback
11 Permanent-trip feedback P-tr feedback
12 Reclosing feedback Reclo. feedback
13 Reclosing mode 2 Reclosing mode 2
14 Other relay trip Other relay trip
15 Pilot frequency loss Pilot freq.loss
16 Transceiver alarm Transceiver ala.
17 Block group resetting Block resetting
18 GPS time-check GPS time-check
19 Unconnect 3-phases trip feedback Unco.3-ph tr.fk.
20 Remote trip feedback Remote trip fdbk
21 General event signal Gen.event signal
22 General alarm signal Gen.alarm signal
PSL602GA
01 Switch 1 phase-A trip state Sw-1 ph-A tr.st.
02 Switch 1 phase-B trip state Sw-1 ph-B tr.st.
03 Switch 1 phase-C trip state Sw-1 ph-C tr.st.
04 Switch 1 stop Switch 1 stop
09 Pilot protection on Pilot-protect.on
10 Receiver input Receiver input
11 Channel test Channel test
12 Other relay trip 1 Other relay trip 1
13 Pilot frequency loss Pilot freq.loss
14 Transceiver alarm Transceiver ala.
15 Other relay trip 2 Other relay trip 2
Table-4：Communication Code of DO group
70
01 Protection start Start

02 Phase A trip Phase A trip
03 Phase B trip Phase B trip
04 Phase C trip Phase C trip
05 3-phase trip 3-phase trip
06 Permanent trip Permanent trip
07 Send/stop signal control (optical) Sd./st-si.c.(op)
08 Send/stop signal control (connect) Sd./st-si.c.(co)
10 TV wire break TV failed
11 Abnormal call Call
12 Alarm Alarm
13 Reset alarm signal Reset alarm sig.
Table-5：Communication Code of VDI group
01 Pilot protection on Pil-protect.on
Table-6：Communication Code of setting group
01 Control word 1 Parameter 1
03 Superimpose Current value start Su-chg-val.star.
04 Zero-sequence current start Z-s. cur. star
05 Pilot Zero-sequence protection current Pil-z-s. current
06 Pilot distance protection impedance Pil-dis. imped
07 Pilot distance protection resist Pil-dis. resist
08 Line positive-sequence impedance angle Ln.pos-s.imp.ang
Zero-sequence resistance compensating
09 Z-s.res.os.ratio
coefficent
Zero-sequence impedance compensating
10 Z-s.rea.os.ratio
coefficent
Table-7-1：Communication Code of Control word 1 group
1 0
Bit
Full name Abbreviation Full name Abbreviation
TA,TC self-check TA,TC self-check
on off
TA rated TA rated TA rated curt.
14 TA rated curt.1A
current.1A current.5A 5A
13 Blocking mode Blocking mode Release mode Release mode
Blocking-release Blocking-release
Unblock-mode Unblock-mode
12 function is function is
on off
effective ineffective
Week-feeder-echo Wk-fdbk.echo Week-feeder-echo Wk-fdbk.echo
11
is effective on is ineffective off
71
Week-feeder-trip is Week-feeder-trip Weak-fdbk tr.

10 Weak-fdbk tr. on
effective is ineffective off
Oscillation block Oscillation block
on off
Schedule-channel- Schedule-channel
8 Regul.ck.ch. on Regul.ck.ch. off
check on -check off
Check channel on Check channel on
9/10 o’clock 10 o’clock
7 9:00 day ck.ch 10:00 day ck.ch
everyday is everyday is
effective ineffective
Non-all-phase
Non-all-phase
6 refault permanent I-p.flt.3-tr.on I-p.flt.3-tr. off
refault 3-trip
trip
3-phase fault 3-phase fault
5 3-p.flt.3-tr.on 3-p.flt.3-tr.off
permanent trip on permanent trip off
Phase to phase Phase to phase
4 fault permanent p-p.flt.3-tr.on fault permanent p-p.flt.3-tr. off
trip on trip off
Pilot distance Pilot distance
3 Pil.dis.acc.on Pil.dis.acc.off
acceleration on acceleration off
Pilot Pilot
2 zero-sequence Pil. Z-s. dir. zero-sequence Pil. Z-s.no dir.
with direction without direction
Channel Channel
Ch.sig.conf. 8 Ch.sig.conf.5
1 acknowledgement acknowledgement
ms ms
time is 8 ms time is 5 ms
Multiplex carrier Special Spec-trams.mod
0 Mult-carri. mode
mode transceiver mode e
Bit
1 0

1 0
Bit
15 TV on line TV on line TV on busbar TV on busbar
Bit
1 0
Appendix 2: PSL602G (A)’s CPU2 (Distance and Zero-sequence Protection)

Communication Code Table

Distance&Zero-sequence protection
01 50H 01H Dis.&Z-s initia
initialization
02 51H 02 H RAM error RAM error
03 52H 03 H EPROM error EPROM error
04 53H 04 H FLASH error FLASH error
72
05 54H 05 H EEPROM error EEPROM error

06 55H 06 H Invalid setting area Invalid setting
07 56H 07 H Setting verification error Set.check error
08 57H 08 H Binary input abnormal Abnor. Digit-in
09 58H 09 H Binary output abnormal Abnor. Digit-out
11 5AH 0B H Internal voltage lower Low.int.power
12 5BH 0C H Zone-offset overreach Z-shift ovreach
13 5CH 0D H TV wire break TV failed
14 5DH 0E H TV 3 phases voltage loss TV 3-p.vol. loss
15 5EH 0FH TV inverse sequence TV inverse seq
16 5FH 10 H TA wire break TA failed
17 60H 11 H TA unbalance TA unblance
18 61H 12 H TA inverse sequence TA inverse seq.
19 62H 13 H Load asymmetry Load asymmetry
20 63H 14 H Distance protection overload alarm Dis.O/L alarm
21 64H 15 H Trip state abnormal Abnml.trip state.
22 65H 16 H Long term overcurrent Long term O/C
23 00H 17 H TV wire break recovery TV fail. out
24 00H 18 H TV 3 phases voltage loss recovery TV 3-p.v-loss out
25 00H 19 H TV inverse sequence recovery TV inv.seq. out
26 00H 1A H TA wire break recovery TA fail. out
27 00H 1B H TA unbalance recovery TA load unb. out
28 00H 1C H TA inverse sequence recovery TA inv.seq. out
29 00H 1D H Load asymmetry recovery Load asym.out
Distance protection overload alarm
30 00H 1E H Dis.O/L alarm re
return
31 00H 1F H Load asymmetry recovery Ab.tr.state out
Long term overcurrent recovery Long term O/C
32 00H 20 H
out
01 00H 01H Fast distance protection action Fast dis.trip
Phase-to-phase distance zone- Ⅰ
02 01H 02H P-p dis.zn.1.tr
action
Phase-to-phase distance zone- Ⅱ
action
Phase-to-phase distance zone- Ⅲ
action
05 04H 05H Grounding distance zone-Ⅰaction Gd.dis.zn.1 tr
06 05H 06H Grounding distance zone-Ⅱaction Gd.dis.zn.2 tr
07 06H 07H Grounding distance zone-Ⅲaction Gd.dis.zn.3 tr
Distance Reclosing accelerating
08 07H 08H Dis.reclo.ac.tr
action
09 08H 09H Distance manual-closing accelerating Dis.manul.ac.tr
73
action
10 09H 0AH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅰ action Zero-s.zn.1.trip
11 0AH 0BH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅱ action Zero-s.zn.2.trip
12 0BH 0CH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅲ action Zero-s.zn.3.trip
13 0CH 0DH Zero-sequence zone-Ⅳ action Zero-s.zn.4.trip
Zero-sequence accelerating zone
14 0DH 0EH Zero-s.accr.trip
action
Zero-sequence zone action under TV
15 0EH 0FH TV fail.z-s.trip
wire break
Phase-overcurrent action under TV
16 0FH 10H TV f.ph.O/C trip
wire break
17 10H 11H Pilot protection phase B trip Phase A trip
18 11H 12H Pilot protection phase Ctrip Phase A trip
19 12H 13H Pilot protection sigle-phase trip fail Phase A trip
20 13H 14H Protection 3-phase trip 3-phase trip
21 14H 15H Protection permanent trip Permanent trip
22 15H 16H Single phase trip fail. Si-ph trip fail.
23 16H 17H 3-phase trip fail. 3-ph trip fail
24 17H 18H Permanent-trip fail. p-trip fail
25 18H 19H Permanent-trip fail return. P-tr.fail.ret
No phase-selected backup protection No ph-sel.bk-tr.
26 19H 1AH
trip.
27 1AH 1BH Fault type and range Fault type&range
Zero-sequence inverse time-lag Z-s. IDMT trip
28 1BH 1CH
protection trip
29 1CH 1DH Dis.&Z-s.pro.st
stat
30 1DH 1EH Dis.&Z-s.pro.rt
reset
31 1EH 1FH Range impedance value Rang-imped.val.
32 1FH 20H Fault-phase current Fault-ph current
33 20H 21H Backup protection long-term unreturn Bk-p.l-tm.unret.
PSL602G
04 Phase-to-phase distance protect on P-p distance on
05 Grounding distance protect on Gd. distance on
06 Zero-sequence zone-Ⅰon Z-s.zn.1 prot.on
07 Zero-sequence zone-Ⅱon Z-s.zn.2 prot.on
08 General zero-sequence protection on Z-s.general on
74

12 3-phases trip feedback 3-ph tr.feedback
18 Unconnect 3-phases trip feedback Unco.3-ph tr.fk.
19 Remote trip feedback Remote trip fdbk
PSL602GA
01 Protection start Start
75

09 Alarm Alarm
12 Over load protection alarm O/L prot. alarm
13 Digit-output(1) (standby) Digit-output(1)
Table-5：Communication Code of VDI group
04 Superimpose Current value start Su-chg-val.star.
05 Line positive-sequence impedance angle Ln.pos-s.imp.ang
06 Distance protection resistance Dis.prot.res.set
Zero-sequence resistance compensating
07 Z-s.res.os.ratio
coefficent
Zero-sequence impedance compensating
08 Z-s.rea.os.ratio
coefficent
Phase-to-phase Distance protection
09 p-p dis.zn.1 imp
Zone-1 impedance
10 p-p dis.zn.2 imp
Zone-2 impedance
11 p-p dis.zn.3 imp
Zone-3 impedance
12 p-p dis.zn.1 tm.
Zone-1 time-lag
13 p-p dis.zn.2 tm.
Zone-2 time-lag
14 p-p dis.zn.3 tm.
Zone-3 time-lag
Grounding Distance protection
15 Gd.dis.zn.1 imp
Zone-1 impedance
16 Grounding Distance protection Gd.dis.zn.2 imp
76
Zone-2 impedance
17 Gd.dis.zn.3 imp
Zone-3impedance
18 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm.
Zone-1 time-lag
19 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm.
Zone-2 time-lag
20 Gd.dis.zn.1 tm.
Zone-3 time-lag
21 Zero-sequence protection Zone-1 cuttent Z-s.zn.1 curt
23 Zero-sequence protection Zone-3 cuttent Z-s.zn.3curt
Zero-sequence protection speed-up zone
25 Z-s.accr.zn.curt.
current
Current of Zero-sequence protection for TV
26 Z-s.zn.curt-TV f
wire-broken
27 Zero-sequence protection Zone-1 time Z-s.zn.1. time
28 Zero-sequence protection Zone-2 time Z-s.zn.2.time
31 Zero-sequence protection Speed-up time Z-s.accr.zn.curt
TV wire-broken Zero-sequence protection
32 Z-s.zn.curt-TV f
time
TV wire-broken Over-current protection
33 O/C-TV fail
current
34 TV wire-broken Over-current protection time O/C time-TV fail
35 Distance ranging ratio Ranging ratio
1 0
Bit
TA,TC self-check
15 TA,TC self-check on TA,TV s-ck on TA,TV s-ck off
off
14 TA rated current.1A TA rated curt.1A TA rated current.5A TA rated curt. 5A
Non-all-phase refault Non-all-phase
10 I-p.re-flt.p-tr I-p.re-flt. 3-tr
permanent trip refault 3-trip
3-phase fault 3-phase fault
9 3-p flt.p-tr.on 3-p flt.p-tr.off
Phase to phase fault Phase to phase fault
8 P-p flt.p-tr.on P-p flt.p-tr.off
Distance zone 2 Distance zone 2
Distance zone 3 Distance zone 3
Distance shift zone 3 Distance shift zone
5 Dis.z3 shift on Dis.z3 shift off
permanent trip on 3 permanent trip off
Reclosing accelerate Reclosing accelerate
distance zone 3 on distance zone 3 off
3 Reclosing accelerate Rec.acc.zn.2 on Reclosing accelerate Rec.acc.zn.2 off
77
distance zone 2 on distance zone 2 off

2 Oscillation block on Oscil.block on Oscillation block off Oscil.block off
Distance zone 2&3 Distance zone 2&3
1 Dis.zn.2&3 on Dis.zn.2&3 off
on off
0 Distance zone 1 on Dis.zn.1 on Distance zone 1 off Dis.zn.1 off
Bit
1 0
1 0
Bit
U0 U0
14 sudden-chage-value U0 s-c-v.op.I0 sudden-chage-value No U0 s-c-v.o.I0
open I0 open I0
Zero-sequence Zero-sequence
13 protection Zone-2 Z-s.zn.2 p-t on protection Zone-2 Z-s.zn.2 p-t off
12 TV on line TV on line TV on BUS TV on BUS
Overcurrent on as TV Overcurrent off as
11 O/C on as TV f. O/C off as TV f.
failed TV failed
10 protection on as TV Z-s on as TV f. protection off as TV Z-s off as TV f.
failed failed
protection with protection without
9 Z-s.dir.TV f. Z-s.dir.TV f.
direction direction as TV
as TV failed failed
8 protection Zone-4 Z-s.zn.4 p-tr.on protection Zone-4 Z-s.zn.4 p- tr. off
7 protection Zone-3 Z-s.zn.3 p-tr.on protection Zone-3 Z-s.zn.3 p-tr. off
permanent trip on permanent trip
6 protection Zone-2 is Z-s.zn.2 sens protection Zone-2 is Z-s.zn.2 insens.
sensitive zone insensitive zone
5 protection Zone-1 is Z-s.zn.2 sens. protection Zone-1 is Z-s.zn.2 insens.
sensitive zone insensitive zone
4 accelerate zone with Z-s.accr. dir accelerate zone Z-s.accr.no dir
direction without direction
Zero-sequence zone 4 Zero-sequence zone
with direction 4 without direction
Zero-sequence zone Zero-sequence zone
2with direction 2 without direction
Bit
1 0
78
1 0
Bit
Fast distance zone 1 Fast distance zone 1
15 on
Fast dis.zn.1 on
off
Fast dis.zn.1 off
Zone-sequence zone Zone-sequence zone
1 4 for non-all-phase Z-s.zn4 i-p a. 4 for non-all-phase Z-s.zn4 i-p una.
accelerate unaccelerate
Zone-sequence zone Zone-sequence zone
0 4 with non-direction Z-s.zn.4 n-dir 4 without Z-s.zn.4 no n-dir
zone non-direction zone
Bit
1 0
Appendix 3: PSL602G’s CPU3 (Reclosing) Communication Code Table

01 50H 01H Reclosing initialization Reclosing initia
02 51H 02 H RAM error RAM error
03 52H 03 H EPROM error EPROM error
04 53H 04 H FLASH error FLASH error
05 54H 05 H EEPROM error EEPROM error
06 55H 06 H Invalid setting area Invalid setting
07 56H 07 H Setting verification error Set.check error
08 57H 08 H Binary input abnormal Abnor. Digit-in
09 58H 09 H Binary output abnormal Abnor. Digit-out
11 5AH 0B H Internal voltage lower Low.int.power
12 5BH 0C H Zone-offset overreach Z-shift ovreach
13 5CH 0D H TV wire break TV failed
14 5DH 0E H Line TV wire break Line TV failed
15 5EH 0FH TV 3 phases voltage loss TV 3-p.vol. loss
16 5FH 10 H TV inverse sequence TV inverse seq
17 60H 11 H TA wire break TA failed
18 61H 12 H TA unbalance TA unblance
19 62H 13 H TA inverse sequence TA inverse seq.
20 63H 14 H Load asymmetry Load asymmetry
21 64H 15 H Trip state abnormal Abnml.trip state
22 65H 16 H Trip state feedback Abnml.trip fdbk.
23 00H 17 H TV wire break recovery TV fail. out
24 00H 18 H Line TV wire break recovery Line TV fail.out
25 00H 19 H TV 3 phases voltage loss recovery TV3-p.v-loss out
26 00H 1A H TV inverse sequence recovery TV inv. seq. out
27 00H 1B H TA wire break recovery TA fail. out
28 00H 1C H TA unbalance recovery TA unbalance out
29 00H 1D H TA inverse sequence recovery TA inv. seq. out
30 00H 1E H Load asymmetry recovery Load asym. out
31 00H 1F H Trip state abnormal recovery Ab.tr. state out
79
32 00H 20 H Trip state feedback recovery Ab.trip fdbk.out

01 00H 01H Reclosing current protection start Reclo. cur.start
Reclosing current protection group
02 01H 02H Reclo. cur.reset
reset
03 02H 03H Reclosing start Reclosing start
04 03H 04H Reclosing group reset Reclosing reset
05 04H 05H Reclosing closing output Reclosing output
06 05H 06H Reclosing connect 3-phases trip Reclo.con.3p.tr.
07 06H 07H Reclosing permanent trip Reclo. p. trip
08 07H 08H Reclosing low air pressure DI Reclo.l-air-p.DI
09 08H 09H Reclosing 3-phases trip failure Reclo.3p-tr.fail
10 09H 0AH Reclosing permanent trip failure Reclo.p-tr.fail.
11 0AH 0BH Reclosing permanent trip failure return Reclo.p-tr.f.ret
12 0BH 0CH Reclosing low air pressure disappear Recl.l-air-p.out
Reclosing not group reset in long
13 0CH 0DH Reclo.not reset
term
06 Phase-C trip feedback Ph-C tr.feedback.
07 3-phases trip feedback 3-Ph tr.feedback
08 Permanent trip feedback P-tr. feedback
13 Single phase trip start Reclosing S-ph-tr.s.reclo.
14 3-phases trip start Reclosing 3-ph-tr.s.reclo.
15 Block Reclosing Block Reclosing
16 Low air pressure blocking Reclosing L-air-p.bk.recl.
17 Post closing relay Post-clg. relay
18 Reclosing control by time Reclo.time ctrl.
Manual
19 Manual closing semi- synchronized
semi-sync
80

01 Reclosing start Start
07 Reclosing closing Reclosing
10 Alarm Alarm
11 Disconnect 3-phases trip Discon.3-ph.trip
12 Low air pressure Low air pressure
13 Permit Reclosing Permit Reclosing
01 Control word Parameter
02 Superimpose current value start Su-chg-val.star.
03 Zero-sequence current start Z-s. cur. star.
04 Reclosing non-vlotage-checked setting Reclo.n-v-ck set
05 Reclosing syncchronized-checked setting Reclo.syn-ck set
06 Single phase Reclosing long-time delay S.P.reclo.l-del
07 Single phase Reclosing short-time delay S.P.reclo.s-del
08 3-phases Reclosing long-time delay 3-P.reclo.l-del
09 3-phases Reclosing short-time delay 3-P.reclo.s-del
Table-6：Communication Code of Control word group
1 0
Bit
TA,TC self-check TA,TC self-check
on off
TA rated TA rated TA rated curt.
14 TA rated curt.1A
current.1A current.5A 5A
Post-closing is Post-closing is
13 Post-clg. useful Post-clg.useless
useful uesless
Single phase Single phase
Reclosing Reclosing
4 S-p.reclo.3pv-ck S-p.r.no-3pv-ck.
3-phases voltage 3-phases voltage
checked unchecked
Reclosing charge Reclosing charge
3 Re-charge T-12s Re-charge T-20s
Time:12 second Time:20 second
Reclosing Reclosing no
2 recl. syn-ck. no-v-ck./syn-ck
syncchronized-che voltage checked,if
81
cked voltage exist,then

synchronized
checked
Non-
Reclosing no
1 recl. no-v-ck. synchronized non-syn recl.
voltage checked
Reclosing
Unexpected Unexpected
0 unexp.tr.& recl. unexp.tr.no recl
trip,Reclosing trip,not Reclosing
Bit
1 0
82
GUODIAN NANJING AUTOMATION CO.，LTD.
Address: 38 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing, PRC
PostCode： 210003
Tel:（+86 25）83421394 83418700
Customer Service:（+86 25）83537020
E-mail: :market@Sac-china.com
Fax: (+86 25）83422174
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PSL+602G Technical Manual

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PSL+602G Technical Manual

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国 电 南 自

PSL 602G SERIES

GUODIAN NANJING AUTOMATION CO ., LTD.

Guodian Nanjing Automation Co.,Ltd.

*Modification is possible. Pay attention to the consistence of instruction with product.

Chapter 1: General .........................................................................................................................1

1.1 Basic types and main functions...............................................................................................1

Chapter 2: Technical Parameters ..................................................................................................6

2.1 Rated data................................................................................................................................6

Chapter 3: Equipment Hardware..................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Cabinet structure ................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter: 4 Protective Principles..................................................................................................24

4.1 Directional (distance) pilot protection module......................................................................24

Chapter 5: Descriptions of the Protection Configuration and Settings....................................59

PSL602G Digital HV Line Protection Setting ............................................................................59

1.1 Basic types and main functions

Fast distance protection

Fast distance protection

Fast distance protection

1.2 Main features

1.2.1 Application of new principles and techniques

1.2.2 Open design concepts

Chapter 2: Technical Parameters

2.1 Rated data

2.1.1 Rated DC voltage 220V or 110V(specified on order)

2.1.2 Rated AC data

a) Phase voltage 100 / 3 V

b) Line sampling voltage 100V or 100 / 3 V

c) Current 5A or 1A (specified on order)

b) Carrying capacity of signal circuit

2.2 Main technical performance

2.2.1 Accurate working range of sampling circuits

2.3.1 Insulation resistance

2.4 EMC capability

2.4.1 Electrostatic discharge interference

2.4.9 Oscillating wave field interference

2.5 Mechanical performance

2.6 Environment conditions

2.6.1 Ambient temperature

Chapter 3: Equipment Hardware

3.1 Cabinet structure

PSL 602G Digital Line Protection

C T current A Order No.

Guodian Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd. ! 2 5

Figure 3-1-1 PSL 602G panel

PSL 602GA Digital Line Protection

C T current A Order No.

Guodian Nanjing Automation Co., Ltd. ! 2 5

Figure 3-1-3 PSL 602GA panel

3.2 Main module designs

Figure 3-2 Main module structure

6 Uxb Ia 1X1 Ua 1X5 Uxa

1X2 Ub To 1X6 Uxb To

1X1-6 1X4 1X8

Figure 3-2-1 AC transformer module

A/D serial data input

Figure 3-2-3-1 PSL 602G’s CPU module

1 HF prot on 1 p-p dist on

Figure 3-2-3-1 PSL 602GA’s CPU module

EEPROM Panel signals

CAN To CPU module

Figure 3-2-4 MMI module electric schematic

Printer port Protection

国电南自