Assignment #01

Subject: Research Methodology

Submitted to: Dr. Dawood Sultan
Group members:
i. Naima Ibrahim Joo
ii. Syed Aizaz
MS-CS 1st Semester

Topic: Augmented Reality in Health care:

1. Review #1 (Johnson et al., 2011; )

This paper has the ability to deliver significant, placed, contextual learning opportunities and to support
the investigation of the intricate relationships found in information in the actual world. Students can use
augmented reality to build new understanding through their interactions with virtual objects that bring
underlying data to life. In higher education, augmented reality is used in a variety of subject areas,
including environmental sciences, ecosystems, linguistics, chemistry, geography, and history.

2. John, Thomas, and Delieu (2010) Augmented reality for anatomical education.
The author discussed two reviews, one on using AR in rehabilitation to enhance physical outcomes and
the other on tracking methods for AR. The use of AR in training and education was outlined, and its
possible effects on the future of education were covered. Explored the use of augmented reality in
surgery, including its possibilities for education, training surgeons, and patient care.

3. (Botden & Jakimowicz, 2009)  ProMIS augmented reality training of laparoscopic

procedures face validity. 
The author discussed only two of the application and method aspects of the usage of augmented reality in
assistive technology and rehabilitation engineering. The first examines how mixed reality manikins are
currently used in medical education, while the second examined how AR is being used in laparoscopic
surgery with a training-focused approach. Both were useful for understanding AR from various angles,
but they did not provide a comprehensive picture of AR in healthcare education.
 4. Sherstyuk et al. (2011)
For the purpose of medical education, the author of this study introduces human manikins with enhanced
sensory input. He presents his work with clearly defined findings.

5. Botden & Jakimowicz (2009) Meaningful assessment method for laparoscopic

suturing training in augmented reality. 
The author of this study examined three AR systems that let trainees use the same tools being used for
laparoscopic surgery in the operating theatre. He contributes his work through an experiment and its
outcomes.

6. Al-Issa, Regenbrecht & Hale (2012)  Augmented reality applications in

rehabilitation to improve physical outcomes.
In order to assess the effectiveness of physical outcomes through the usage of AR in rehabilitation, the
author of this work used a systematic investigation. The study also revealed that research on AR in
rehabilitation is still in its early stages. AR is not currently covered in rehabilitation training.

7. Rabbi, Ullah & Khan (2012)  Augmented Reality Tracking Techniques—a

systematic literature.
The authors of this paper made an attempt at a comprehensive analysis of AR tracking methods, but they
did not present any findings. They concentrated on examining the technical details of various forms of
AR and outlining their benefits and drawbacks. The usage of AR in medicine and education was also
brought up.

8. Colt  HG Therapeutic thoracoscopy.  Clin Chest Med. 1998;19383- 394

The author talked about AR has been utilized in thoracic surgery via minimally invasive chest surgery
using a thoracoscope. It remains to be seen whether a thoracoscopic approach to diagnosis or treatment
could displace more traditional ways. Yet, based on his research, the use of VR simulators will soon
improve training skills. Laparoscopic surgery's influence on general surgical practice led to the
development of thoracoscopy in part. With thoracoscopic sympathectomies, empyema, and ligation of the
patent ductus arteriosus, it is possible to diagnose and treat pleural effusions, lung cancer, mediastinal
tumors, vasospastic illness, and other conditions.
 9. Soler  LDelingette  HMalandain  G  et al.  An automatic virtual patient
reconstruction from CT-scans for hepatic surgical planning.  Stud Health Technol
Inform. 2000;
The author thanks to meticulous anatomic knowledge translation into topologic and geometric restrictions
released the first fully automatic 3D reconstruction liver model. With this method, the surgeon can define
the hepatic and portal veins in virtual reality and automatically create an anatomic segmentation of the
liver based on Couinaud's characterization of the eight sub segments of the liver.

10. Sato  YNakamoto  MTamaki  Y  et al.  Image guidance of breast cancer surgery
using 3-D ultrasound images and augmented reality visualization.  IEEE Trans Med
Imaging. 1998
It has been demonstrated that AR visualisation works well with both clinical and phantom data in the
realm of breast cancer. With the aid of this cutting-edge technique, 3D tumour models may be
superimposed over real-time video pictures of the breast, giving the surgeon the ability to see the tumor's
precise location in three dimensions as if it were visible through the breast skin. According to the author,
surgical AR increased breast conservation and reduced the chance of relapse by allowing the surgeon to
target surgical resection in a more precise and objective manner. To determine the validity and reliability
of AR in surgical oncology, more study is required.

11. Albrecht, U.-V. (2019). Augmented reality in healthcare: current applications and
future directions. Journal of Medical Systems, 43(9), 239.
In the field of healthcare, the use of augmented reality (AR) has gained significant attention as a
promising technology that can enhance patient outcomes and improve medical education and training. In
this paper, the Author reviews the current applications of AR in healthcare and highlights the potential
future directions of this technology. The author notes that AR has already been used in various healthcare
settings, such as surgical procedures, medical education, and patient rehabilitation. AR can provide real-
time information and visualization, which can assist healthcare professionals in making accurate
diagnoses and providing effective treatments. The author also discusses the potential future directions of
AR in healthcare, such as the development of wearable devices and the integration of AR into
telemedicine. However, the author notes that there are still some challenges to be addressed, such as the
development of user-friendly interfaces and the need for further validation studies to demonstrate the
effectiveness of AR in healthcare. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the current state and
potential future directions of AR in healthcare, which can be useful for healthcare professionals,
researchers, and policymakers.

12. Zotti, D., Arlati, S., & Lattanzi, N. (2018). Using augmented reality to support
children with autism during learning activities: A systematic literature review.
Journal of Educational Computing Research, 56(6), 862-894.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication, social
interaction, and behavior. Children with ASD often face challenges in learning and may require
specialized support to reach their full potential. In this paper, Zotti, Arlati, and Lattanzi (2018) review the
use of augmented reality (AR) as a tool to support children with ASD during learning activities. The
authors conducted a systematic literature review of studies that have used AR in educational settings for
children with ASD. The authors found that AR has the potential to provide interactive and engaging
learning experiences that can support the specific needs of children with ASD. AR can provide visual
cues and feedback, which can help children with ASD to better understand and retain information. The
authors also noted that further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of AR for
children with ASD and to develop effective AR-based interventions. Overall, this paper provides valuable
insights into the potential of AR as a tool to support children with ASD during learning activities, which
can be useful for educators, researchers, and families of children with ASD.

13. Augmented Reality in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis" by Wang, Wang, and

Qian (2017)
The use of augmented reality (AR) in healthcare has been a growing area of research in recent years. In
this paper, Wang, Wang, and Qian (2017) conduct a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature on AR
in healthcare to identify the trends and patterns of research in this field. The authors analyzed a total of
688 articles published between 2005 and 2015 in various scientific databases. The authors found that
most of the research on AR in healthcare has focused on three main areas: surgical procedures, medical
education, and rehabilitation. The authors also noted that there has been a significant increase in the
number of publications on AR in healthcare in recent years, indicating a growing interest in this area of
research. Overall, this paper provides a valuable overview of the existing literature on AR in healthcare,
which can be useful for researchers and healthcare professionals interested in this field.

14. The Impact of the Use of Augmented Reality on Health Outcomes: A Systematic
Review" by Zhang and Xia (2013)
Augmented reality (AR) is a promising technology that has the potential to improve health outcomes in
various healthcare settings. In this paper, Zhang and Xia (2013) conducted a systematic review of the
literature on the impact of AR on health outcomes. The authors analyzed a total of 13 studies that used
AR in healthcare, including surgical procedures, medical education, and rehabilitation. The authors found
that the use of AR in healthcare can improve patient outcomes by providing real-time visualization and
feedback, enhancing communication between healthcare professionals and patients, and improving the
accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures. However, the authors noted that there are still some
challenges that need to be addressed, such as the need for further validation studies and the development
of user-friendly interfaces. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the potential of AR to
improve health outcomes in healthcare settings, which can be useful for healthcare professionals and
researchers interested in this field.

15. Vosoughi, S., & Roy, D. (2018). Augmented reality in healthcare: A review. Journal
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(11), 4468-4478
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that overlays digital information onto the real world, and it has
the potential to revolutionize healthcare. In this paper, Vosoughi and Roy (2018) provide a
comprehensive review of the existing literature on AR in healthcare. The authors discuss the various
applications of AR in healthcare, including medical education, surgical procedures, rehabilitation, and
mental health. The authors also highlight the potential benefits of AR in healthcare, such as improving
patient outcomes, enhancing communication between healthcare professionals and patients, and reducing
the risk of medical errors. However, the authors also note that there are still some challenges that need to
be addressed, such as the need for user-friendly interfaces and the development of effective training
programs for healthcare professionals. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the potential of
AR to transform healthcare, which can be useful for healthcare professionals and researchers interested in
this field.

16. Toh, S. H., & Chen, I. M. (2016). Augmented reality for learning anatomy: The
effect on spatial visualization, problem solving, and medical students' attitudes
toward learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(3), 129-141
In the field of medical education, learning human anatomy has always been challenging due to the
complexity of the human body. Toh and Chen (2016) conducted a study to investigate the potential of
augmented reality (AR) as a learning tool to improve spatial visualization, problem-solving skills, and
attitudes toward learning anatomy among medical students. The study involved two groups of medical
students: one group used AR technology to learn human anatomy, while the other group used traditional
methods. Results showed that the AR group performed significantly better in spatial visualization and
problem-solving tasks compared to the traditional group. Additionally, the AR group had a more positive
attitude toward learning anatomy than the traditional group. These findings suggest that AR has the
potential to enhance the learning experience for medical students by improving their spatial visualization,
problem-solving skills, and attitudes toward learning anatomy. This study sheds light on the potential of
AR as an effective educational tool and can be useful for educators interested in integrating AR
technology in medical education.

17. Sodhi, R., & Moudgil, S. (2018). Augmented reality in healthcare education and training: A
literature review. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare
Informatics (ICHI), 435-436.
Sodhi and Moudgil (2018) conducted a literature review to explore the potential of augmented reality
(AR) technology in healthcare education and training. The authors examined various studies that have
implemented AR in medical education, including anatomy learning, surgery simulations, and patient
consultations. The results showed that AR has the potential to improve the learning experience for
medical students and healthcare professionals by enhancing their visualization skills, providing
interactive and immersive learning environments, and enabling real-time feedback. The authors also
highlighted some challenges, such as the need for effective implementation strategies, sufficient technical
support, and cost-effectiveness. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the potential of AR
technology in healthcare education and training, which can be useful for educators and researchers
interested in this field.

18. Abiri, A., & Baran Pouyan, A. (2020). Augmented reality in healthcare education: A
systematic review. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 7,
2382120520959243.
Abiri and Baran Pouyan (2020) conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the
effectiveness of AR in healthcare education. The authors analyzed 21 studies and found that AR can
improve learning outcomes and enhance the educational experience for healthcare students. AR was
found to be effective in teaching a variety of topics, including anatomy, surgery, and patient assessment.
The study also highlighted the importance of considering factors such as content design, device
functionality, and user experience in the development and implementation of AR-based educational
programs. Overall, the authors concluded that AR has the potential to be a valuable tool in healthcare
education and should be further explored and integrated into curricula.

19. Chi, N.-C., & Chen, C.-C. (2019). A systematic review of augmented reality in
healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2019, 1-17
Chi and Chen (2019) conducted a systematic review of literature to evaluate the effectiveness of AR in
various healthcare applications. The authors analyzed 35 studies and found that AR has shown significant
potential in a variety of healthcare areas, such as medical education, surgery, rehabilitation, and patient
care. AR-based interventions have been shown to improve outcomes such as accuracy, efficiency, and
patient satisfaction. However, the authors also highlighted some challenges associated with AR, such as
the cost of technology, the need for training, and the lack of standardization. Despite these challenges, the
study suggests that AR has a promising future in healthcare, and more research and development are
needed to optimize its potential benefits.

20. Ong, C., Liang, T., & Liang, H. (2018). Augmented reality in healthcare education:
A review. Journal of Medical Systems, 42(11), 223
Ong, Liang, and Liang (2018) conducted a comprehensive review of literature on the use of AR in
healthcare education. The authors identified a total of 32 relevant studies and found that AR-based
interventions have been used to enhance medical education, surgical training, and patient education. The
review suggests that AR has potential benefits, such as providing immersive learning experiences and
improving knowledge retention and skill acquisition. However, the authors also identified some
limitations, such as the high cost of AR equipment and the lack of standardization in AR development.
The study concludes that the use of AR in healthcare education is a promising field, but more research
and development are needed to optimize its effectiveness and efficiency.

21. Zhang, Z., Chen, L., & Gao, Y. (2019). Augmented reality in healthcare: A
systematic literature review and research directions. International Journal of
Medical Informatics, 126, 37-49
Zhang, Chen, and Gao (2019) conducted a systematic review of 93 studies on the use of AR in healthcare
to identify the current state of the art and future research directions. The authors found that AR has been
used in various healthcare applications, including medical education, surgery planning and guidance,
telemedicine, and rehabilitation. The review also identified several challenges, such as the need for
standardized AR development and evaluation methods, the limited availability of high-quality AR
content, and the lack of user-friendly AR devices. The study concludes with recommendations for future
research, including the need for more rigorous evaluation studies, the development of standardized AR
development and evaluation methods, and the exploration of new applications of AR in healthcare.

22. Kucuk, A., & Kapakin, S. (2016). Augmented reality applications in medical
education: A literature review. Journal of Medical Systems, 40(11), 1-13
Kucuk and Kapakin's (2016) article is a literature review that investigates the use of augmented reality
(AR) applications in medical education. The authors identified 37 studies from various medical fields that
used AR technology, and analyzed them based on different factors such as the types of AR technology
used, target learners, and educational outcomes. The review revealed that AR technology has been
utilized to teach a variety of medical topics, including anatomy, surgery, and patient care. The studies
showed that AR-based learning materials increased learners' engagement, motivation, and knowledge
retention. Additionally, AR technology was found to improve learners' psychomotor skills, such as
surgical procedures, and to facilitate their understanding of complex medical concepts. However, the
authors noted that there is a lack of consensus on the effectiveness of AR technology, and that more
research is needed to determine its long-term impact on medical education. Overall, this article provides
valuable insights into the potential of AR technology to enhance medical education and training.

23. Li, X., Li, L., Li, Y., Liu, Y., & Li, L. (2018). An overview of augmented reality in
healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2018, 1-10
The authors discuss the various applications of AR, including medical education, surgery, rehabilitation,
and mental health, and highlight the advantages of using AR technology, such as improved visualization,
accuracy, and patient engagement. The challenges and limitations of AR in healthcare are also discussed,
including technical issues, high costs, and concerns regarding privacy and security. Finally, the authors
suggest future directions for research and development in AR, emphasizing the importance of
collaboration among healthcare professionals, engineers, and researchers to advance the field and ensure
the successful implementation of AR technology in healthcare.

24. So, R. H. Y., & Ho, A. T. K. (2019). Augmented reality in medicine: A systematic
review. Journal of Medical Systems, 43(8), 1-19
This study aimed to systematically review the current state of AR research in medicine. The review
identified 68 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published between 2009 and 2018. The
studies were grouped into four categories: education and training, surgery and interventions,
rehabilitation, and patient care. The results indicate that AR has been used in various medical specialties,
including radiology, cardiology, orthopedics, and neurology. The studies demonstrated the potential
benefits of AR, such as improving accuracy, reducing surgical time, enhancing patient outcomes, and
providing a more engaging learning experience. However, the review also highlights several challenges
and limitations of AR in medicine, such as the need for more validation studies and the high cost of
equipment. Overall, the study suggests that AR has great potential in medicine and calls for further
research to explore its full potential.
 25. Wang, H., Han, X., & Zhang, W. (2020). A systematic review of augmented reality
in healthcare: Trends and directions. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2020, 1-17
This paper provides a systematic review of current research on the use of AR in healthcare, identifying
trends and future directions for this field. The authors review 60 studies published between 2010 and
2019, focusing on the areas of surgical procedures, rehabilitation, medical education, and mental health.
Results indicate that AR is most commonly used in surgical procedures, particularly for preoperative
planning and intraoperative navigation. AR technology has also shown promise in rehabilitation by
improving patient engagement and motivation. In medical education, AR has been used to enhance
traditional methods of teaching anatomy, as well as to develop clinical skills and simulate patient
encounters. The authors also identify potential future directions for AR in healthcare, including
personalized medicine, remote patient monitoring, and public health interventions. Overall, the review
demonstrates that AR has significant potential to enhance healthcare outcomes and improve the patient
experience.

26. Baños, R. M., Botella, C., Guerrero, B., García-Palacios, A., & Quero, S. (2017).
Using augmented reality to treat phobias. PLoS One, 12(7), e0180872.
The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial in which they compared the outcomes of traditional
exposure therapy with an AR-based exposure therapy on a group of 36 participants with a specific phobia.
The results of the study showed that both traditional exposure therapy and AR-based exposure therapy
were effective in reducing phobic symptoms, but AR-based exposure therapy was found to be more
effective in reducing avoidance behavior. Furthermore, participants who underwent the AR-based
exposure therapy reported higher levels of satisfaction with the treatment compared to those who
underwent the traditional exposure therapy. These findings suggest that AR-based exposure therapy can
be a promising treatment option for phobias and that it has the potential to improve treatment outcomes
and patient satisfaction

27. Lee, J., Lee, Y., Lee, S., & Park, J. (2020). The effects of augmented reality on
learning performance and satisfaction of nursing students: A randomized controlled
trial. Nurse Education Today, 92, 104519.
Lee et al. (2020) conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of augmented reality
(AR) on learning performance and satisfaction of nursing students. A total of 102 nursing students were
randomly assigned to either an AR group or a control group, with both groups receiving the same lecture
materials on wound care. The AR group received an additional AR-enhanced wound care module, while
the control group received a traditional wound care module. Results showed that the AR group had
significantly higher scores in knowledge retention, knowledge transfer, and overall learning performance
than the control group. Moreover, the AR group also reported higher levels of satisfaction with the
learning experience than the control group. These findings suggest that AR can be an effective tool for
enhancing learning outcomes and improving student satisfaction in nursing education.
 28. Paakkonen, T., & Jantunen, H. (2018). Augmented reality in healthcare - a
literature review. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Healthcare
Informatics (ICHI), 385-386
Paakkonen and Jantunen (2018) conducted a literature review on the use of augmented reality (AR) in
healthcare. They analyzed 25 studies and found that AR has potential to improve various aspects of
healthcare, including education, training, diagnosis, and treatment. In education and training, AR was
found to enhance learning outcomes and knowledge retention. In clinical settings, AR has been used for
surgical navigation, patient education, and visualization of medical images. The authors note that while
AR is still in its early stages of development and implementation in healthcare, its potential benefits are
promising. They suggest that future research should focus on addressing technical challenges, identifying
best practices for integrating AR into healthcare, and evaluating its long-term impact on patient outcomes.

29. Liu, C., Zhu, M., & Huang, Y. (2020). A systematic review of augmented reality
applications in healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2020, 1-15
This systematic review aims to explore the current state of AR applications in healthcare by analyzing
existing research on the topic. The study identified 59 relevant articles from four databases and conducted
a qualitative analysis of the selected papers. The results of the review suggest that AR can improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare, with benefits ranging from enhanced surgical navigation to the
provision of patient education. However, the study also highlighted several challenges that must be
addressed for AR to be more widely adopted, such as the need for more rigorous evaluation of AR
applications and the high cost of AR technology. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the
current state of AR in healthcare and offers suggestions for future research in this rapidly evolving field.

30. Wang, J., Zhao, H., & Zhang, X. (2019). An overview of augmented reality in
healthcare: Emerging applications and future trends. Journal of Healthcare
Engineering, 2019, 1-13
The paper titled "An Overview of Augmented Reality in Healthcare: Emerging Applications and Future
Trends" is a review article that provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging applications and
future trends of augmented reality (AR) in the healthcare industry. The authors discuss the potential
benefits of using AR in healthcare, including enhancing medical education and training, improving
patient outcomes and experiences, and aiding medical procedures. The paper also highlights the current
challenges and limitations of AR in healthcare, such as the need for better hardware and software
solutions and the high cost of AR devices. Additionally, the authors discuss the future directions of AR in
healthcare, including the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to
improve accuracy and efficiency in medical procedures. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights
into the potential of AR in healthcare and its future prospects.
 31. Castelnuovo, G., Giusti, E. M., Manzoni, G. M., Saviola, D., Gatti, A., Gabrielli, S.,
& Riva, G. (2015). Psychological treatments and augmented reality: A brief review
of the literature. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 23(2), 120-130
The paper titled "Psychological treatments and augmented reality: A brief review of the literature"
explores the emerging use of augmented reality (AR) in psychological treatments. The authors conducted
a systematic review of relevant literature and found that AR has the potential to enhance the effectiveness
of psychological interventions by providing patients with immersive and interactive experiences. The
paper provides an overview of the different types of AR applications used in psychological treatments,
such as exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, and describes the benefits and limitations of this
technology. The authors conclude that AR has promising applications in mental health interventions, but
more research is needed to determine its effectiveness and potential drawbacks. Overall, the paper
provides valuable insights into the use of AR in psychological treatments and highlights its potential as a
tool for enhancing mental health interventions.

32. Design and Implementation of an Augmented Reality Environment for Complex

Anatomy Training
In this study, the author discussed the design process, difficulties encountered when creating an
augmented reality environment, and HCI design. The author provided a clear explanation of the
objectives of this work, which were to provide useful knowledge to the trainee in areas involving intricate
and complex anatomical systems. The suggested interface encourages interaction, reduces unneeded and
unnecessary data, and achieves the requisite fidelity by using simplicity to convey spatial information as
naturally as feasible. In this study, we highlighted practical methods for intuitive design with the goal of
enabling students and teachers to get the most out of their learning experiences. The author examined
crucial topics relevant to the creation of practical applications augment his focus on anatomical models.

33. Augmented Reality Integrated Simulation Education in Health Care (Author links
open overlay panelKasey J. Carlson RN, MSN, MEd a)
The author described ARISE, a new and adaptable method of teaching students. It is a creative, affordable
technique to improve simulation, offer real-world interactions, and possibly aid learning. This pilot study
demonstrates ARISE as an educational strategy for the healthcare industry and suggests it as a potential
strategy for other fields. This open-source initiative might have an impact on healthcare policies
everywhere.

34. Tele-mentoring using augmented reality technologyin healthcare (Dung Trung Bui,
TonyBarnett, Ha HoangCentre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, College
of Health and Medicine, Universityof Tasmania)
In order to determine how tele-mentoring systems that leverage AR technology are being used in
healthcare settings, the author conducted a systematic literature study. The concept-centric technique was
used to analyze 25 investigations, including both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized trials.
The AR telementoring system has been demonstrated to improve a number of outcomes in terms of task
performance and system performance, including a decrease in skill errors and focus shifts, an increase in
task completion speed and accuracy, as well as favorable user feedback. Lack of data on how AR tele-
mentoring systems affect patient outcomes and the retention of professional skills suggests that more
research is necessary.

35. Comprehensive Analysis of Augmented Reality Technology in Modern Healthcare

System
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol.
12, No. 6, 2021

The purpose of these inventions, according to their creators, is to drastically alter the healthcare
industry and lessen its current complexity. The author of this study has offered a succinct analysis
of a number of AR-based healthcare services and applications. The current development
strategies for the current healthcare application architecture, as well as the methods for processing
and obtaining health data, have been laid out. The paper attempted, in part, to encourage ongoing
development by drawing attention to a number of unresolved problems including competing
security demands and upcoming difficulties.
Future research on AR-based healthcare applications and services may benefit in a number of
ways from the discussion of standardization, data accessibility, service quality, and data privacy
that was conducted in this paper. The significance of augmented reality-based healthcare
applications was also highlighted in this paper..