General Chemistry 2

Activity Sheet

Quarter 4 – MELC 5
Week 2

i
Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

ii
General Chemistry 2
Activity Sheet No. 4 - Rate Law and Order of Reactions
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written permission
from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writer: Joselyn C. Valenciano

Editor: Moonyeen C. Rivera

Division Management Team:

Layout Artists: Mara Jamaica B. Floreno and Kris Dawn C. Rivera

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team: Rona

F. Dela Torre
Moonyeen C. Rivera

Division of Cadiz City Management

Team: Ma. Lorlinie M. Ortillo
May P. Pascual
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Rona F. Dela Torre
Regional Management Team
Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

ii
i
Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 2!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Cadiz City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
leachinglearning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will
be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent
learning.

For the learner:

The General Chemistry 2 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner,
carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer
the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule .

i
v
Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________
Grade and Section: _____________________________Date: _________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2 ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 4

Calculating the equilibrium Constant

I. Learning Competency with Code

Calculate equilibrium constant and the pressure or concentration of reactants

or products in an equilibrium mixture (STEM_GC11CEIVb-e-148)

II. Background Information for Learners

In the previous lesson, you learned that in a reversible reaction, the reaction moves
forward to produce products. The reaction also moves in the reverse reaction making
the products as the reactants, until eventually it will reach a state of dynamic
equilibrium. This is called Law of Mass Action, since there is no more apparent
change in the system. However, at the equilibrium state where temperature remains
constant, a question like: does the system more likely to produce products faster
than it can do reverse reaction, or the other way around? This can be determined by
the reaction quotient also known as the equilibrium constant (K) as shown in
equation below.
k
f

aA + bB ↔K r cC +dD

where a, b, and c are coefficients of substance A, B, and C respectively, and k f and kr

are the rate constants of the forward and reverse reaction respectively.

Applying the Law of Mass Action REMEMBER!

[𝐶]𝑐 [𝐷]𝑑 K=
𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐶𝑇
K= 𝑘𝑓
= [𝐴]𝑎 [𝐵]𝑏 𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐴𝑁𝑇
𝑘𝑟

If equilibrium constant is greater than 1(K >1), then there is relatively more
products than reactants at equilibrium, or the reaction tends to move forward faster
that reverse. If equilibrium constant is lesser than 1(K<1), it indicates that the rate of
forward reaction is slower that the reverse reaction, or it takes more time to produce
the products, compared to the time it takes for the products to breakdown into
reactants.

It is important to note early on that the equilibrium constant is unitless. In an ideal

thermodynamic process, the units tend to cancel out. However, most systems are
unideal in which the units do not cancel out in the end. To work around this,

1
scientists apply the concept of “Activity of a substance.” It is a measure of the
degree of presence of a substance relative to a reference state. To do this, you just
need to divide the concentration to the reference state of 1 M or the partial pressure
to the reference state of 1 atm.
• The activity of 1.5 M of a substance is 1.5
• The activity of a gaseous substance at partial pressure of 0.83 atm is 0.83.
• The activity of 10g of a pure solid substance is 1.
• The activity of 10 liters of pure liquid water is 1.
Pure solid and pure liquid substances always have an activity of 1 because their
density remains constant throughout the reaction, such that if you reduce its mass,
the volume will also be reduced at a proportional amount. Gasses on the otherhand
has no definite volume that if mass is reduced, the volume remains the same as it
follows the shape of its container.

Learn more about Activity of a Substance and its Effect to

Equilibria by scanning the QR Code which will link you to
www.chem.libretexts.org.

III. Activity Proper

HOMOGENEOUS EQUILIBRIUM involves reactants and products present only

in one phase (such as a homogeneous mixture).

The equilibrium constant of gaseous systems can be expressed into

concentration (Kc) and partial pressure (Kp) of the gases involved.

Example:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ↔ 2NH3 (g)

The equilibrium constant expression can be expressed as

Kc = [𝑁𝐻3]23 Kp = PN2NH3H22
𝑁2 𝐻2 P P 3

Kc and Kp are related by the equation;

Kp = Kc(RT)∆n
Where R is the universal gas constant (0.082 L•atm/mol•K), T is the absolute temperature in
unit Kelvin (K), and ∆n is the difference in number of moles of gaseous products and
gaseous reactants.

HETEROGENEOUS EQUILIBRIUM are composed of reactants and products in

different phases such as the example below. In this case, only the gaseous
substances appear in the equilibrium expression to simplify it. Remember that pure

2
solid and pure liquid have an assigned value of 1 and does not affect the value of
equilibrium constant (Recall the Identity property of 1).

CaCO3 (s) ↔ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

The equilibrium expressions are

Kc = [CO2] Kp = PCO2

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
Consider the reaction below.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ↔ 2NH3 (g)
If the partial pressure of N2, H2, and NH3 are 1.3 atm, 0.83 atm and 0.85 atm
respectively, what is the equilibrium constant of the reaction in terms of partial
pressure of the gases?
SOLUTION: Remember to find the activity of the substances to cancel out the units.

Kp = PPN2NH3PH22 3

Kp = (1.3) (0.83)( 0.85)2 3

Kp = 0.97

SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:
For the reaction:

CaCO3 (s) ↔ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

What are the values of the equilibrium constants (K c and Kp) if the pressure of C)2 is
0.384 atm at 500 degrees Celcius?

SOLUTION:
a. Since Kp depends only on CO2, the expression can be directly written as;
Kp = 0.384
b. Convert temperature to Kelvin: 500⁰C + 273.15 = 773.15 K
c. ∆n = 1 because there is only 1 mole of gaseous product (CO 2) and no
gaseous reactant.
Kc = 𝐾𝑝∆𝑛
(𝑅𝑇)

Kc = 0.384 1 = 6.1 x 10 -3

3
 (0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)(773.15𝐾)

III. Activity Proper

ACTIVITY 1:
Directions: Write the equilibrium constant expressions (K c and Kp) for the following
expressions. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

a. 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ↔ 2SO3 (g)

b. 2BrF5 (g) ↔ Br2 (g) + 5F2 (g)
c. 2ZnS (s) + 3O2 (g) ↔ 2ZnO (s) + 2 SO2 (g)

ACTIVITY 2:
Directions: Calculate equilibrium constant and the pressure or concentration of
reactants or products in an equilibrium mixture. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Consider the reaction below.

2BrF5 (g) ↔ Br2 (g) + 5F2 (g)

If the respective equilibrium concentrations of BrF 5, Br2 and F2 at 250⁰C are 0.046 M,
1.2 M, and 0.93 M, what are the values of Kc and Kp?

2. The equilibrium constant Kp for the oxidation of sulphur dioxide into sulphur
trioxide is 5.6x104 at 350⁰C. if the partial pressures of SO2 and SO3 are 0.64
atm and 0.58 atm respectively, what is the partial pressure of O 2 in the
system?
2SO2 + O2 →2SO3

IV. Reflection

Complete the statements below.

I understand
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
I don’t understand
___________________________________________________________________

4
___________________________________________________________________
I need more information about
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________