Introduction to Chemical

Reactions and Equations

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learners shall
be able to:
1.Write and balance chemical equations;
2. Interpret the meaning of a balanced
chemical reaction in terms of the Law of
Conservations of Mass
3. Apply concept across curriculum
CONCEPT TO BE DISCUSSED:
a. Chemical equation
b. Reactant
c. Product
d. Aqueous
THINGS TO REMEMBER
1.For online learners – take down notes and ask questions after
the lessons.
2. For Learners present – listen and ask questions after every
topics
Recognizing Chemical Reactions

A CHEMICAL REACTION is a process in

which one or more substances are
changed into new* substances.

“New” simply means substance that were not there before the reaction!
 Chemical Equations
A chemical reaction cannot be seen; it
occurs on the SUBMICROSCOPIC
LEVEL!

Since reactions can’t be seen, we use a

CHEMICAL EQUATION to represent a
CHEMICAL REACTION.
 A CHEMICAL EQUATION is a WRITTEN
EXPRESSION that illustrates what
happens during a chemical reaction.

All CHEMICAL EQUATIONS have

THREE BASIC PARTS:

REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S)

One or more The arrow is called a One or more new

substances that “YIELD SIGN”…it’s substances that are
enter the reaction, like an equal sign in a formed during the
separated by math equation. reaction, separated by
PLUS SIGNS. PLUS SIGNS.
 Other symbols in chemical
reactions
(s) = solid
(l) = liquid
(g) = gas
(aq) = aqueous solution (the substance is
dissolved in H2O)
“+” separates two or more reactants or
products
“” yield sign separates reactants from
products
addition of heat
 Symbols Across Curriculum
in Mathematics
- a triangle is a polygon, a two dimensional shape w/ 3 straight sides.
in Chemistry
- uses heat in chemical reaction
in Physics
- means change of quantity
in Biology
- It means trophic levels
in Religion
- It means Eye of God, symbolizes trinity and God’s omnipresence
and divine providence.
in MAPEH (health)
- is used as heath triangle namely,Physical, Social, Mental
in Filipino
- a symbol symbolizes social class in our society wherein only few
belongs to the top.
 Type of Equations
FORMULA EQUATIONS are written using
the chemical symbols and formulas for
substances.

EXAMPLE Mg + S  MgS
WORD EQUATIONS are written
using the names of the elements
and compounds involved.

EXAMPLE

Potassium + Oxygen  Potassium Oxide

 Equations MUST be BALANCED!
 Since a chemical equation illustrates what
happens to atoms on the SUBMICROSCOPIC
level, it must show exactly what happens to ALL
ATOM INVOLVED!

The LAW OF CONSERVATION OF

MATTER, says MATTER CANNOT BE
MADE OR DESTROYED.
Unbalanced and Balanced Equations

Cl Cl H H
Cl H
H
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
H
H

H2 + Cl2  HCl (unbalanced) H2 + Cl2  2 HCl (balanced)

reactants products reactants products

H 2 1 H 2 2
Cl 2 1 Cl 2 2
• Because of this law, we must write
BALANCED equations: equations that
have the SAME NUMBER of EACH
ATOM on BOTH SIDES of the equation.
Consider this equation:
Na + Cl2  NaCl
Are there the SAME NUMBER of SODIUM and
CHLORINE atoms on BOTH SIDES of the equation?

NO! There are 1 sodium and 2 chlorine atoms on

the reactant side, but only 1 sodium and 1 chlorine
on the product side…this is NOT BALANCED!
 Balancing an Equation
Balancing an equation is easy.
We can only add numbers BEFORE the
formulas to adjust the number of atoms on
each side….we CANNOT change
subscripts!
These “numbers” are called
COEFFICIENTS
Coefficients MULTIPLY the number of
each kind of atom in a formula!
• Let’s balance our equations now:

2 Na + Cl2  2 NaCl

1. Count the number of EACH atom on both sides:

There is 1 Na atom and 2 Cl atoms on the left side.
There is 1 Na atoms and 1 Cl atom on the right side.
2. Start with the first unbalanced atom and try adding a
coefficient to balance it.
3. Continue adding coefficients as needed until all atoms
are balanced in number on both sides.
*****USE A PENCIL!!******
Try balancing these equations:

K + O2  K2O

Al + S  Al2S3

C + Cl2  CCl4
4K + O2  2 K2O

2 Al + 3S  Al2S3

C + 2 Cl2  CCl4
 ASSIGNMENT
Balance the following equations

•1. ____ C +__ O2 _ CO

• 2. ___ Mg + __ O2 __ MgO

•3. _ H2O2 _ H2O + _ O2

•4. _ CH4 + _ O2 _ CO2 + _ H2O

• 5.__N2O5 _N2O4 + _O2

How do you know when a chemical
reaction has occurred?
There are several factors that identify a
chemical reaction:
•ENERGY is given off as HEAT or LIGHT, such as
burning, or an explosion.

•A GAS is formed.

• A PRECIPITATE forms [a solid that settles to the bottom].

•A change in COLOR or ODOR may indicate

a reaction, but not always [can be physical].
 Types of Chemical Reactions
There are five types of Chemical
Reactions
1. Decomposition reaction – a reactant breaks down
into two or more products.
• AB A + B
Ex. 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
2. Synthesis or Combination reaction - two or more
reactants form a single product
•A + B AB
Ex. 2NO + O2 2NO2
3. Single Displacement/substitution reaction - one
element replaces another in a compound
 Types of Chemical Reactions
There are five types of Chemical
Reactions
•A + BC AC + B
Ex. 2Na + 2H2O H2 + 2NaOH
4. Double displacement – two ionic compounds
exchange ions
AB + CD AD + CB
Ex.BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NACL
5. Combustion reaction – a hydrocarbon (a compound
containing carbon and hydrogen) reacts with oxygen to
form carbon dioxide and water.
Hydrocarbon + O2 CO2 + H2O
2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
 EXERCISES
Direction: Predict the product(s) and identify the
type of reaction involved. Then balanced the
resulting equation.

1. Li + H2O

2. 4Al + O2

3. 2H20

3. AgNO3 + HCl

5. Fe + CuSO4
6. C3H6 + O2