ARC109: Proportion and Geometry

FA21
Abrar Ahmed
FA19-bar-037

Write a Brief Note on the following topics

a) Fractals
b) Feedback Loop System
c) Chaos & Order
d) Emergence
e) Butterfly Effect 

Butterfly Effect
The Butterfly Effect is a word that has crept into popular culture as a result of time-travel novels,
although its true meaning is buried in hard science. From a technical viewpoint, it relates to chaos
theory's sensitive dependency on beginning circumstances.

In layman's terms, minor adjustments inside a complex system have unpredictably unpredictable
outcomes. The fluttering of a butterfly's wings, for example, might cause minute changes in the
atmosphere, resulting in severe weather conditions elsewhere on the globe.

The butterfly effect in chaos theory is the sensitive dependency on beginning circumstances in which a
slight change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in significant alterations in a
subsequent state.

The word is intimately related to the work of meteorologist and mathematician Edward Lorenz. He
emphasized that the butterfly effect is drawn from the metaphorical example of tornado specifics
(precise time of creation, exact course traveled) being altered by little disturbances such as a faraway
butterfly fluttering its wings many weeks earlier.

the camera and a screen with the camera and a simple match stick burn create a tornado effect. Can be
called as butterfly Effect.
If Small changes rapidly amplified as they loop around from the camera to the screen and then back to
the camera. It is impossible to predict the tiny changes that will end up in the final image.

Fractal Geometry:
Patterns may be seen in animals, vegetation, and minerals. Have you ever noticed how similar the shape
of your lungs is to the structure of a tree? Or how about lightning paths and the way a river bursts
through the earth? These patterns are known as fractals.

A fractal is a type of pattern that may be seen in both nature and art. According to Ben Weiss, a fractal
occurs "whenever you notice a set of patterns repeating over and over again, at many different scales,
and where any little component mimics the total."

Fractals are fascinating not just because of their mathematical or philosophical representation, but also
because you can see the math—and it's stunning!

"Self-similarity" refers to the recurrence that happens in a fractal. Another way to think about it is that
when you zoom in on a little section of a fractal design, it appears to be the entire thing. One of the
most famous fractals is the Mandelbrot Set.

Lichtenberg figures
A lung, lightning strike, or a branch are examples of a fractal that was studied even earlier than the
Mandelbrot set, the Lichtenburg figure. These patterns were first studied by sending electrical currents
through various materials and observing the resulting patterns. As voltage travels through a material,
over time, the currents leak causing spreading, or branching into tree-like formations.
Koch snowflake
Even though a fractal is, by definition, an infinite pattern and cannot be measured, the Koch snowflake
lets us see that even though the perimeter of a fractal is infinite, the area is not. As you zoom into the
edges of the snowflake, you would find that there is ever new emergence of the pattern, but the size of
the snowflake itself doesn’t change.

Mandelbrot Set
The Mandelbrot Set refers to a fractal that a man named Benoit Mandelbrot generated from a simple
mathematical equation with the help of computers. You may recognize the resulting images as a type of
visual art that was particularly popular in the 1980’s when the Mandelbrot set was first identified. If you
were able to zoom into the image below indefinitely, you would find that the pattern keeps on repeating
infinitely.
The visualization of the Mandelbrot set shows that very complex, entirely unexpected structures can
result from very simple mathematical rules

The same system that is based on simple rules with feedback produces chaos and order

Emergence
emergence Simply said it defines the ubiquitous and very diverse methods by which basic components
in nature (or in the virtual or philosophical world) attain increased complexity and, as a result, become
bigger than the sum of all those original pieces.

The end outcome is often original, frequently surprising, and occasionally perplexing – especially given
that emergent phenomena entail self-organization by the more complex whole.

Consider a swarm of ants or bees that join together by the thousands to form something – a beehive, an
ant colony – that is quite different from the individual organisms.

Consider the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen gases that results in liquid water. Consider the folding of
proteins, which allows for the transmission of genetic information. Consider how the firing of billions of
neurons in your brain leads to consciousness.
All construct complexity out of component bits, develop something irreducible from those original
elements, and have proven difficult to comprehensive explanations using the scientific world's standard
reductionist techniques.

Ant colony emergence

Abrar Ahmed
FA19-bar-037