GROUP 3 - Assignment-4 - Medically-Significant-Viruss

BIO1227 Microbiology and Parasitology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
Group members:
Cayabyab, Dominique Colleen S. Fernandez, Louis Q.
 HIV Virus  Papilloma Virus
 Swine flu  Chikungunya Virus
Remo, Igie Paul B. Radivulla, Cassandra M.

 Pollo Virus  Hepatitis B Virus
 Ebola Virus  Corona Virus
Romero, Hannah A. Sardua, Angel ann C.

 Herpes Virus  Rabies Virus
 Smallpox Virus  Retroviruses
Tuazon, Guenevere Franchesca H. Yao, Ariexeus Akean D.

 Parainfluenza Virus  Marburg Virus
 Influenza Virus  Dengue Virus
Medically Significant Viruses: Causative Agent and Disease Profile
Rabies Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
I. MICROBIAL PROFILE
A FAMILY Rhabdoviridae
B GENERA Lyssavirus, Ephemerovirus, and Vesiculovirus.
C COMMON NAME Lyssavirus
D HOST Any mammal, including bats, raccoons, skunks, and
foxes, may have rabies.
E SIZE 180 nm long and 75 nm wide
F GENETIC MATERIAL Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
G CAPSID TYPE Cylindrical
H NAKED / ENVELOPE Enveloped
I DISCOVERY Georg Gottfried Zinke
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
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II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Rabies Virus
B SYMPTOMS OF THE Rabies' first symptoms may resemble those of the flu and
DISEASE continue for many days.
Possible later symptoms include:
 Fever \Headache
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Agitation
 Anxiety
 Confusion
 Hyperactivity
 Swallowing difficulty
 Excessive salivation
 Fear of drinking due of trouble swallowing
 Fear caused by the wind blowing on the face
 Hallucinations
 Insomnia
 Partial paralysis
C INCUBATION PERIOD typically, 2–3 months but may vary from 1 week to 1 year
D MODE OF Rabies is often transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal.
TRANSMISSION People can also get rabies from scratches, abrasions, or
open wounds that have been exposed to saliva or other
potentially infectious material from a rabid animal. This
happens rarely, but it is possible.
E DIAGNOSIS A diagnostic laboratory is able to identify whether or not
an animal has rabies within a few hours and then notify
the appropriate medical professionals of their findings.
Laboratory identification of positive rabies cases may help
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define disease epidemiologic patterns and aid rabies

control initiatives.
F TREATMENT The only way to avoid having rabies is to be immunized
as soon as possible after an exposure. A series of rabies
vaccines to help your body learn to recognize and fight
the rabies virus.
G PREVENTION Rabies prevention in pets:
1. Bring your dog to the doctor often and maintain
their rabies immunizations updated.
2. Keep your pets under control by keeping cats and
ferrets inside and dogs under constant supervision.
3. Spay or neuter your pets to help limit the amount
of unwanted pets that may not get adequate care or
vaccinations on a regular basis.
4. Notify animal control to evacuate any stray
animals from your area since these animals may be
unvaccinated or unwell.
Rabies prevention in people:
1. Do not disturb any animals.
2. Be aware of the potential consequences.
3. If you have been bitten or scratched by an animal,
wash the wound well and see a medical
professional about whether or not you need post
exposure prophylaxis.
Vaccinate your animals to guarantee the safety of both
your family and your domestic pets.
H VACCINE Rabies immune globulin
I NO OF DAYS BEING 14 days
SYMPTOMATIC
J. IMAGE OF INFECTED
PATIENT
Retroviruses
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ITE MSV PROFILE

M
A FAMILY Retroviridae
B GENERA Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Lentivirus and
Spumavirus.
C COMMON NAME Retrovirus
D HOST A retrovirus can't make copies of itself without a host, just
like other RNA viruses. Contrary to other RNA viruses, a
retrovirus does not directly inject RNA into the host cell.
Instead, it relies on RNA as the building block for DNA.
E SIZE between 7 to 12 kb long in size
F GENETIC MATERIAL Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
G CAPSID TYPE polyhedral or nearly spherical capsids
I DISCOVERY Robert C. Gallo and coworkers.
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE  Human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I).
 Human T-lymphotropic virus-II (HTLV-II).
 Human T-lymphotropic virus-V (HTLV-V)
 Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and
HIV-2.
B SYMPTOMS OF THE AIDS symptoms include:
DISEASE  Persistent fevers over 100°F (37.8°C)
 Diarrhea lasting longer than one week
 Extreme shivering and nocturnal sweats
 There are white dots in the mouth.
 genital or anal sores
 Extreme exhaustion Rash that might be brown,
red, purple, or pink Frequent coughing and
breathing issues
 Significant weight reduction
 recurring headaches
 difficulty with memory and other neurological
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concerns
 pneumonia, lymphoma, and TB are opportunistic
illnesses.
C INCUBATION PERIOD 3O to 40 years

D MODE OF These viruses are spread by sexual contact, exposure to
TRANSMISSION contaminated blood or tissue, or during pregnancy or
delivery from an infected mother to her child.
E DIAGNOSIS HTLV is detected by antibodies and clinical symptoms.
The PCR identifies the HTLV genome in infected cells
and differentiates between HTLV-l and HTLV-2.
Leukocytosis and abnormal lymphocytes diagnose pre-
adult T-cell leukemia. The presence of pleomorphic
neoplastic cells with mature T-cell markers is
characteristic of acute adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma
(ATLL). Skin lesions, modest levels of circulating
leukemic cells, and lack of visceral involvement identify
chronic adult T-cell leukemia. Tropical spastic paraparesis
is characterized by spinal cord inflammation and
increasing weakening in the lower limbs.
F TREATMENT Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of anti-HIV
medications to treat individuals infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Standard treatment is a
combination of medications (named HAART) that reduce
HIV replication.
G PREVENTION Screening blood products for HTLV antibodies and
preventing sexual contact and needle sharing avoid
infection. In certain instances of tropical spastic
paraparesis, glucocorticoids are ineffective. T-cell
leukemia in adults has been treated with limited
effectiveness by a variety of chemotherapy combinations.
H VACCINE N/A
I NO OF DAYS BEING 7 to 14 Days
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
5
Marburg Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Filoviridae
B GENERA Marburgvirus
C COMMON NAME Marburg Virus
D HOST  African fruit bats
 People sick with MVD
 Non-human primates infected with the Marburg
virus
E SIZE 795 to 828nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL “edit” as they invade their hosts. The filovirus replication
and transcription, processes are involved in the virus life
cycle.
G CAPSID TYPE Helical Capsid
H NAKED / ENVELOPE naked
I DISCOVERY 1967 in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade,
Yugoslavia (Serbia)
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Marburg Virus Disease (MVD)
B SYMPTOMS OF THE  Fever
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DISEASE  Chills
 Headache
 Myalgia
 Maculopapular rash
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Chest pain
 Sore throat
 Abdominal pain
 Diarrhea
 Jaundice
 Inflammation of the pancreas
 Weight loss
 Delirium
 Shock
 Liver failure
 Hemorrhage
 Multi-organ dysfunction
C INCUBATION PERIOD 2-21 days
D MODE OF It is unknown how it spreads from the animal host to
TRANSMISSION humans, however, unprotected contact with infected bat
feces or aerosols are the most likely routes of infection.
For humans, the virus spreads through direct contacts such

as through broken skin or mucous membranes in the eyes,
nose, or mouth.
E DIAGNOSIS Clinical diagnosis of MVD can be difficult. Many of the
signs and symptoms of MVD are like other infectious
diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever or dengue, or other
viral hemorrhagic fevers that may be endemic.
F TREATMENT There is no specific treatment for Marburg virus disease.
Supportive hospital therapy should be utilized, which
includes balancing the patient’s fluids and electrolytes,
maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure, replacing
lost blood and clotting factors, and treatment for any
complicating infections.
G PREVENTION Preventive measures against the Marburg virus infection
is not well defined, as transmission from wildlife to
people remains an area of ongoing research. However,
avoiding fruit bats, and non-human primates is one way to
protect against infection.
From the person-to-person transmission, preventive
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measures can be avoiding direct contact with the

symptomatic person by wearing gloves, gowns, and
masks.
H VACCINE Experimental vaccines are being developed to prevent
outbreaks of Marburg hemorrhagic fever and continue to
show promise in monkeys as an emergency treatment for
accidental exposures to the virus that causes the disease.
As of now, there is no licensed treatment for Marburg
infection.
I NO OF DAYS BEING Depends on the lethality of the infection of the virus.
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Dengue Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Filoviviridae
B GENERA Flavivirus
C COMMON NAME Dengue Virus
D HOST  Female Mosquitos (Aedes aegypti)
E SIZE 40-60mm in diameter
F GENETIC MATERIAL Structural proteins
 C
 prM
 E
Non-structural proteins
 NS1
 NS2A/B
 NS3
 NS4A/B
 NS5
G CAPSID TYPE Icosahedral
H NAKED / ENVELOPE Enveloped Protein E
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I DISCOVERY First recorded case was in a Chinese medical

encyclopedia from the Jin dynasty (265-420AD)
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Dengue Fever
B SYMPTOMS OF THE  Nausea
DISEASE  Vomiting
 Rashes
 Aches and pains (mostly in eyes, muscle, joints, or
bone pains)
C INCUBATION PERIOD 3-9 days after being bitten
D MODE OF  Through mosquito bites carrying the virus
TRANSMISSION  From mother to child, a pregnant woman already
infected with dengue can pass the virus to her fetus
during pregnancy.
 Through infected blood, laboratory, or healthcare
setting exposures.
E DIAGNOSIS  See your healthcare provider if you have
symptoms of dengue and live in or have recently
traveled to an area with a risk of dengue
 A blood test is the only way to confirm the
diagnosis.
F TREATMENT  There is no specific medicine to treat dengue
 Treat the symptoms of dengue and see a healthcare
provider.
G PREVENTION  As of now, we all know to avoid mosquito bites in
general and apply a mosquito repellant to the skin.
H VACCINE Dengvaxia vaccine is a tetravalent, live-attenuated dengue
vaccine.
I NO OF DAYS BEING 2-7 days
SYMPTOMATIC
9
PATIENT
Parainfluenzae Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Paramyxoviridae
B GENERA Respirovirus/Rubulavirus
C COMMON NAME Parainfluenzae virus
D HOST Humans, nonhuman primates, animals
E SIZE 15-250 nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL RNA
G CAPSID TYPE Helical
I DISCOVERY Discovered in the late 1950’s
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE croup, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, pharyngitis,
conjunctivitis, otitis media
B SYMPTOMS OF THE Barking cough · hoarse voice · breathing difficulty · rasp
DISEASE sound when breathing in
Chest pain · cough · fatigue · fever · sweating · shaking
chills · shortness of breath · Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea·
Cyanosis
Swelling of conjunctiva · increased tear production ·
pinkish/reddish eye
Ear pain · hearing difficulty · loss of balance · fever ·
fluid draining from ears · tugging or pulling at one or both
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ears · unusual irritability · difficulty sleeping

C INCUBATION PERIOD 2 to 7 days
D MODE OF Direct contact with infectious droplets or airborne droplets
TRANSMISSION of an infected person made through sneezing, coughing,
or breathing
E DIAGNOSIS Parainfluenzae virus is diagnosed by testing the secretions
collected from a patient’s nose and/or throat. The presence
of the virus is identified through cell culture
F TREATMENT
G PREVENTION To prevent being infected with parainfluenzae virus
infections, it is best to stay at home when sick, avoid
contact with people infected, and to wash the hands
regularly
H VACCINE To this date, there is no specific vaccine made for
parainfluenzae virus infection/diseases
I NO OF DAYS BEING 7 – 10 days
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Influenza Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Orthomyxoviridae
B GENERA Orthomyxovirus (A,B,C)
C COMMON NAME Influenza virus
D HOST Human, cats, goat, cattle, pigs
E SIZE 80-100 nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL RNA
G CAPSID TYPE Helical
I DISCOVERY Richard Shope in 1933
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J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Flu
B SYMPTOMS OF THE Fever · cough · sore throat · runny/stuffy nose ·
DISEASE muscle/body aches · headache · fatigue
D MODE OF Spread and transmitted through droplets that people
TRANSMISSION infected made as they sneeze, cough, or talk
E DIAGNOSIS Detecting influenza virus may be done through various
diagnostic tests such as viral culture, serology, rapid
antigen testing, RT-PCR, immunofluorescence assays,
and rapid molecular assays. A nasopharyngeal or nasal
swab is also the preferred sample for testing.
F TREATMENT Oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir are the antiviral
drugs recommended in treating the flu
G PREVENTION To protect oneself from getting the flu, it is highly
encouraged to get flu shots every year, avoid contact with
people you know are infected, wash your hands regularly,
and to strengthen your immune system in ways such as
eating healthy foods, taking vitamin supplements, and
abiding by a good sleep schedule
H VACCINE
I NO OF DAYS BEING 3 to 7 days
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
12
Papilloma Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Papillomaviridae
B GENERA ∝-papillomavirus, β-papillomavirus, γ-papillomavirus,
mu-papillomavirus and nu-papillomavirus
C COMMON NAME Human papillomavirus or HPV
D HOST Humans
E SIZE 52 – 55 nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
G CAPSID TYPE Non-enveloped icosahedral capsid
H NAKED / ENVELOPE Naked
I DISCOVERY Harald zur Hausen
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Human papillomavirus
B SYMPTOMS OF THE In the majority of cases, the immune system of the body
DISEASE kills HPV infection before it’s able to produce warts.
However, the appearance of warts vary depending to the
kind of HPV involved:
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 Genital warts
 Common warts
 Plantar warts
 Flat warts
C INCUBATION PERIOD 2 to 3 months
1 to 20 months for genital warts
Up to 10 years for a high-risk HPV infection
D MODE OF HPV is transmissioned through close skin to skin contact
TRANSMISSION such as genital, oral or anal intercourse. In babies,
respiratory tract infection may develop during child birth.
E DIAGNOSIS Doctors may diagnose HPV infection through observing
the warts. However, if there are no visible genital warts,
vinegar solution test, pap test, and DNA test.
F TREATMENT There is a treatment for the warts. But, the virus itself
doesn’t have any treatment.
G PREVENTION  HPV vaccine
 Practice safe sex
 Monogamous relationship
H VACCINE  Gardasil
 Gardasil 9
 Cervarix
I NO OF DAYS BEING Unknown
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Chikungunya Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Togaviridae
B GENERA Alphavirus
C COMMON NAME CHIKV
D HOST Wild primates bitten by forest-dwelling Aedes mosquitoes
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E SIZE 70 nm in diameter
F GENETIC MATERIAL Single stranded, positive sense RNA
G CAPSID TYPE Enveloped icosahedral
I DISCOVERY RW Ross first identified CHIKV in Tanzania in 1952.
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
DISEASE  Headache
 Joint pain
 Muscle pain
 Joint swelling
 Rash
 Myalgia
 Arthritis
 Conjuctivitis
 Nausea
 Vomiting
C INCUBATION PERIOD 3–7 days (range, 1–12 days)
D MODE OF Mode of transmisstion is being bitten by an infected
TRANSMISSION mosquito.
E DIAGNOSIS Chikungunya virus can be diagnosed through serological
test such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA) that may confirm the existense of IgM and IgG
anti-chikungunya antibodies
F TREATMENT There’s no specifiv antiviral drug treatment. But, relieving
the sympoms is the clinical management procedure done
such as anti-pyretics for joint pain, optimal analgesics,
rest, and drinking plenty of fluids.
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G PREVENTION  Using EPS-registered insect repelllent

 Wearing long-sleeve garments and long pants
 Treat wardrobe and gear with permethrin
 Keep mosquitoes out
 Sleeping under a mosquito rest
H VACCINE There’s is no current vaccine for chikungunya virus.
I NO OF DAYS BEING 3 - 10 days
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Herpes Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Herpes Virus
B GENERA herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, varicella-
zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, Human
herpesvirus-6, Human herpesvirus-7, and Kaposi's
sarcoma herpes virus
C COMMON NAME Human Herpesviruses
D HOST Eight varieties isolated in humans, several each in horses,
cattle, mice, pigs, chickens, turtles, lizards, fish, and even
in some invertebrates, such as oysters.
E SIZE 155 to 240 nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
G CAPSID TYPE Icosahedral capsid
I DISCOVERY Hippocrates
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J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Herpes Simplex Virus
B SYMPTOMS OF THE  Sores or ulcerations
DISEASE  fever blisters
 flu-like discomfort
C INCUBATION PERIOD 4 days (range, 2 to 12) after exposure
D MODE OF Most human herpesviruses are transferred from person-to-
TRANSMISSION person when a vulnerable individual makes direct physical
contact with an infected person. Some herpesviruses may
also spread by airborne transmission. The
cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the only member of the human
herpesviruses usually transmitted by vertical transmission
from mother to child.
E DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of any other kind of infection caused by a
herpesvirus requires the isolating of the virus by the
process of culturing and/or the detection of viral genes or
gene products, in particular through the use of polymerase
chain reaction technology.
F TREATMENT Herpesviruses, which can stay stagnant for a long time,
cause infections that come back and can't be completely
annihilated out of the host. Even though herpes can't be
cured, there are drugs that can help stop the virus from
spreading. Antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir,
valacyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir are used to treat
infections. Cancers caused by the herpes virus can be
treated with surgery or a local irridiation.
G PREVENTION One way to stop the spread of infections is to stay away
from infected people and their bodily fluids. Even though
there are no vaccines for many herpesvirus infections
right now, there is a vaccine for the varicella-zoster virus.
H VACCINE No vaccines approved
SYMPTOMATIC
17
PATIENT
Smallpox Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Small Pox Virus
B GENERA Orthopoxvirus
C COMMON NAME Variola virus
D HOST Humans
E SIZE About 400 x 200 nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL Single, linear double-stranded DNA
G CAPSID TYPE Neither icosahedral nor helical
I DISCOVERY Edward Jenner in May 1976
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Smallpox disease
DISEASE  Overall discomfort
 Headache
 Severe fatigue
 Severe back pain
 Vomiting, possibly
After a few days, flat, red patches begin to emerge on

your face, hands, and forearms, and then on your trunk.
18
Small blisters containing a clear fluid, which later

transforms into pus, form on many of these lesions within
a few days. Scabs appear eight to nine days after an injury
and fall off in a process that leaves pitted scars.
C INCUBATION PERIOD 7 to 19 days (although the average length is 10 to 14 days)
D MODE OF Prior to the eradication of smallpox, the disease was
TRANSMISSION mostly transmitted through direct and prolonged contact
between individuals. Once the first mouth and throat sores
formed, persons with smallpox were infectious (early rash
stage). Infectious droplets from their nose and lips were
dispersed by coughing or sneezing and transmitted the
infection to others. Once the final smallpox scab had
fallen off, they were no longer infectious.
E DIAGNOSIS Blood or lesion virus isolation or antibody testing in
response to viral isolation are two methods that may be
used to provide a definite diagnosis. Smallpox can only be
diagnosed in a professional laboratory equipped with the
proper diagnostic tools and safety precautions.
F TREATMENT No treatment is proven effective up until now.
G PREVENTION Smallpox vaccines, which are also called vaccinia virus
vaccines, can protect people from getting smallpox. The
vaccines are made from vaccinia, a poxvirus that is
similar to smallpox but less dangerous. In the United
States, there are two licensed smallpox vaccines and one
investigational smallpox vaccine that could be used in an
emergency.
H VACCINE Vaccinia
I NO OF DAYS BEING 2 - 4 days
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Pollo Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
19
A FAMILY Picornaviridae
B GENERA Enterovirus
C COMMON NAME Polio or Poliomyelitis
D HOST Human
E SIZE 25 to 30 nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL RNA genome
G CAPSID TYPE VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4
H NAKED / ENVELOPE Naked
I DISCOVERY Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Polio Virus
B SYMPTOMS OF THE  Sore throat
DISEASE  Fever
 Tiredness
 Nausea
 Headache
 Stomach pain
D MODE OF When the stool of an infected person is introduced into the
TRANSMISSION mouth of another person through contaminated water or
food (fecal-oral transmission).
E DIAGNOSIS Doctors often recognize polio by symptoms, such as neck
and back stiffness, abnormal reflexes, and difficulty
swallowing and breathing. To confirm the diagnosis, a
sample of throat secretions, stool or a colorless fluid that
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surrounds your brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid)

is checked for poliovirus.
F TREATMENT There is no cure for polio exist. Supportive treatment

includes pain relievers, portable ventilators to assist
breathing, and moderate exercise to prevent deformity and
loss of muscle function.
G PREVENTION The best prevention against polio is a series of four
vaccine shots in the arm or leg. The inactivated polio
vaccine used in the United States is very effective and
safe, and cannot cause polio.
H VACCINE Inactive Polio Vaccine (IPV)
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Swine Flu
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Orthomyxoviridae
B GENERA Alphainfluenzavirus
C COMMON NAME Influenza
D HOST Health workers traced the virus to a pig farm in this
southeastern Mexican state
E SIZE 80 to 120 nm
21
F GENETIC MATERIAL H1N1 virus

G CAPSID TYPE Antigenic Glycoproteins Hemagglutinin (HA) and
Neuraminidase (NA)
I DISCOVERY
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Swine flu
DISEASE  Cough
 sore throat
 runny or stuffy nose
 body aches
 headache
 chills
 fatigue
D MODE OF Via contact with infected pigs or environments
TRANSMISSION contaminated with swine influenza viruses
E DIAGNOSIS According to the Centers for Disease Prevention and
Control (CDC) guidelines, swine flu is diagnosed in
presence of the following features:
Acute fever and airways infection within 7 days of close
contact with a person who has been confirmed to be a case
of H1N1 influenza A infection
 Acute fever and airways infection within 7 days of
travel to a community (within or outside the
country) where there have been one or more
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confirmed cases of H1N1 influenza A infection

 Acute fever and airways infection seen in a person
living in a community where there is at least one
confirmed case of H1N1 influenza A infection
F TREATMENT The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved
these four drugs for the treatment of swine
flu: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Zanamivir (Relenza) Peramivir
(Rapivab)
G PREVENTION  Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently. Use
soap and water, or if they're unavailable, use an
alcohol-based hand sanitizer
 Cover your coughs and sneezes. Cough or sneeze
into a tissue or your elbow
 Avoid touching your face. Avoid touching your
eyes, nose and mouth
 Clean surfaces
 Avoid contact
H VACCINE H1NI Vaccine
I NO OF DAYS BEING 7 days
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Ebola Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Filoviridae
23
B GENERA Ebolavirus
C COMMON NAME Zaire ebolavirus
D HOST Bat
E SIZE 80nm in diameter, 970 nm long
F GENETIC MATERIAL Single-stranded RNA surrounded by the nucleoprotein
and various other components present inside the
nucleocapsid
G CAPSID TYPE Helical capsid
I DISCOVERY Guido van der Groen and Peter Piot
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Ebola Virus
DISEASE  Aches and pains, such as severe headache and
muscle and joint pain
 Weakness and fatigue
 Sore throat
 Loss of appetite
 Gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal
pain, diarrhea, and vomiting
 Unexplained hemorrhaging, bleeding or bruising
D MODE OF Direct contact with blood or other body fluids
TRANSMISSION
E DIAGNOSIS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most
commonly used diagnostic methods because of its ability
to detect low levels of Ebola virus.
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F TREATMENT There are two drug treatments which have been approved
for treating Ebola. Inmazeb is a mixture of three
monoclonal antibodies (atoltivimab, maftivimab, and
odesivimab-ebgn). Ansuvimab-zykl (Ebanga) is a
monoclonal antibody given as an injection.
G PREVENTION  Avoid areas of known outbreaks
 Wash your hands frequently
 Avoid bush meat
 Avoid contact with infected people
 Follow infection-control procedures
 Don't handle remains
H VACCINE rVSV-ZEBOV

SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
HIV Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Retroviridae
B GENERA Lentivirus
C COMMON NAME HIV
D HOST The white blood cells, also known as helper T
lymphocytes, helper T cells, or CD4+ T cells, are the main
hosts for HIV.
E SIZE 100 nm
F GENETIC MATERIAL single-stranded RNA
G CAPSID TYPE Single protein, known as capsid protein, makes up the
25
HIV capsid.
H NAKED / ENVELOPE The surface and transmembrane envelope proteins, which
are present on the surface of retroviruses and are in charge
of attaching to the cellular receptor and uniting the viral
membrane with the cellular membrane, are responsible for
binding to the cellular receptor.
I DISCOVERY Robert C. Gallo and coworkers in 1980.
J MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE HIV
B SYMPTOMS OF THE Depending on the stage of infection, there are different
DISEASE
HIV and AIDS symptoms.
Possible signs and symptoms include:
 Fever
 Headache
 Muscle aches and joint pain
 Rash
 Sore throat and painful mouth sores
 Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck
26
 Diarrhea
 Weight loss
 Cough
 Night sweats
You might not even be aware of these symptoms because

they can be so mild. The viral load, on the other hand, is
currently fairly high in your bloodstream.
C INCUBATION PERIOD The incubation period of HIV is between 1 and 6 weeks

(median 3 weeks) after exposure to HIV.
D MODE OF Your body must come into contact with contaminated
TRANSMISSION blood, semen, or vaginal secretions in order to contract
HIV. This may occur in a number of ways:
 By having sex. If you engage in vaginal, anal, or
oral intercourse with an infected partner whose
blood, sperm, or vaginal fluids enter your body,
you could get infected. Mouth sores or tiny
tears that occasionally appear in the rectum or
vagina after sexual activity are two places
where the virus can enter your body.
 By sharing needles. Sharing contaminated
needles and syringes used for injecting drugs puts
you at high risk of contracting HIV and other
infectious diseases like hepatitis.
 From blood transfusions. The virus may
occasionally spread through blood transfusions. In
the United States and other upper-middle-income
nations, hospitals and blood banks test the blood
supply for HIV, thus this danger is quite low.
 During pregnancy or delivery or through
breastfeeding. Babies born to infected moms can
contract the virus. Pregnant women who are HIV
positive and receive treatment can greatly reduce
the danger to their unborn children.
E DIAGNOSIS Tests on the blood or saliva can identify HIV. Testing
options include:
 antibody/antigen testing. Blood must often be
drawn from a vein for these tests. Within a few
27
weeks of HIV contact, antigens, which are

substances on the HIV virus itself, are typically
detected in the blood (a positive test result).
 Antibodies are produced by your immune system
when it's exposed to HIV. Antibodies can take
weeks or months to become detectable. It may take
2 to 6 weeks following exposure for the combined
antigen/antibody tests to turn positive.
F TREATMENT The treatment of HIV are:
 Count of CD4 T cells. White blood cells called
CD4 T cells are those that HIV particularly targets
and kills. When your CD4 T cell count falls below
200, HIV infection advances to AIDS even if you
are symptom-free.
 Viral load (HIV RNA). This examination counts
the number of viruses in your blood. The objective
after beginning HIV treatment is to have a viral
load that cannot be detected. This greatly lowers
your risk of contracting an opportunistic infection
and other consequences caused by HIV.
 Drug resistance. Some HIV strains are resistant to
treatment. This test aids in determining whether
the virus that affects you specifically is resistant
and directs treatment choices.
G PREVENTION HIV can be prevented by using contraceptives such as

condom.
The best method of defense against HIV and other STIs is

the use of condoms. It can be used for oral sex with men
as well as anal and vaginal intercourse.
By lowering the possibility of vaginal or anal rips brought

on by dryness or friction, as well as by preventing condom
tearing, lubricant can have sex safer.
It's critical to avoid sharing any of the following: needles,

syringes, spoons, swabs, or the actual medications or
liquids used to dilute them.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication may be

available to HIV-negative people who want to lower their
risk of contracting the infection.
28
For some persons who have a high risk of contracting

HIV, such as those whose partner is HIV infected, PrEP is
an option.
H VACCINE There is currently no vaccine that can either treat HIV
infection or prevent it. However, scientists are working to
develop one.
I NO OF DAYS BEING 2-4 weeks
SYMPTOMATIC
PATIENT
Hepatitis B Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Hepadnarividae
B GENERA Orthohepadnavirus
C COMMON NAME Hepatitis B virus
D HOST Human
E SIZE 42 nm in diameter
F GENETIC Approximately 3.2 kilobase (kb) pairs of partly double-
MATERIAL stranded circular DNA comprise the HBV genome. The viral
polymerase is covalently bound to the 5′ terminus of the
minus strand.
G CAPSID TYPE Hepatitis B is a tiny DNA virus with an envelope that poses a
significant threat to human health. The T = 4 capsid's crystal
structure has been solved at a resolution of 3.3 A, exhibiting
an unusually helical protein fold for icosahedral viruses.
H NAKED / Enveloped virus
ENVELOPE
I DISCOVERY 1965 by Dr. Baruch Blumberg
29
J MICROSCOPIC
IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF DISEASE Hepatitis B
B SYMPTOMS OF Hepatitis B signs and symptoms may include:
THE DISEASE  Abdominal pain
 Dark urine
 Fever
 Joint pain
 Loss of appetite
 Nausea and vomiting
 Weakness and fatigue
 Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes
(jaundice)
C INCUBATION 60 – 150 days
PERIOD
D MODE OF The common ways on how Hepatitis B Virus can spread are
TRANSMISSION the following:
 Sexual Contact - You may contract hepatitis B if you
have unprotected sexual contact with an infected
individual. If the person's blood, saliva, sperm, or
vaginal fluids reach your body, you may contract the
virus.
 Sharing of needles - Blood-contaminated needles and
syringes facilitate the spread of HBV. Sharing IV drug
paraphernalia increases your risk of contracting
hepatitis B.
 Accidental needle sticks - Hepatitis B is a risk for
anyone who comes into contact with human blood,
including health care workers.
 Mother to child - During childbirth, HBV-infected
30
pregnant mothers can transmit the virus to their

infants. In virtually all instances, however, the infant
can be immunized to prevent infection. If you are
pregnant or intend to become pregnant, you should
discuss hepatitis B testing with your doctor.
E DIAGNOSIS Your physician will evaluate you for symptoms of liver
disease, such as yellowing skin or abdominal pain. The
following tests can aid in diagnosing hepatitis B or its
complications:
 Blood tests – Blood tests can detect the presence of
the hepatitis B virus and determine whether the
infection is acute or chronic. A simple blood test can
also indicate whether an individual is immune to the
disease.
 Liver ultrasound – Transient elastography, a
specialized ultrasound, can determine the extent of
liver injury.
 Liver biopsy – Your physician may take a small
sample of your liver for testing (liver biopsy) in order
to detect liver damage. During this test, your physician
inserts a thin needle through your skin and into your
liver, then extracts a sample of liver tissue for
laboratory analysis.
F TREATMENT Chronic hepatitis B infection requires lifelong therapy for the
majority of patients. The treatment reduces the risk of liver
illness and stops the spread of the infection. Chronic hepatitis
B treatment may include:
 Antiviral medications – Several antiviral drugs,
including entecavir (Baraclude), tenofovir (Viread),
lamivudine (Epivir), adefovir (Hepsera), and
telbivudine (Tyzeka), can aid in the battle against the
virus and reduce its ability to damage the liver.
 Interferon injections – Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)
is a synthetic form of an anti-infective molecule
naturally produced by the body. After finishing a
limited course of medication, it is primarily prescribed
to young persons with hepatitis B who wish to avoid
long-term treatment or to women who may wish to
become pregnant within a few years. Interferon is
contraindicated during pregnancy. Among the possible
adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, difficulty
breathing, and depression.
 Liver transplant – If your liver has been badly
31
damaged, you may be eligible for a liver transplant.

During a liver transplant, your diseased liver is
removed and replaced with a healthy liver. A limited
fraction of transplanted livers originate from living
donors who have donated a portion of their livers.
G PREVENTION Typically, the hepatitis B vaccine is administered as three or
four shots over a period of six months. Getting hepatitis B via
the vaccination is impossible. Incidentally, there are also ways
of precaution on how to avoid this virus. These include:
 Knowing the HBV status of any sexual partner
 Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time
you have sex
 Don’t use illegal drugs
 Be cautious about body piercing and tattooing
 Ask about the hepatitis B vaccine before you travel
H VACCINE Hepatitis B Vaccine
I NO OF DAYS 90 days
BEING
SYMPTOMATIC
J. IMAGE OF
INFECTED
PATIENT
Corona Virus
ITE MSV PROFILE
M
A FAMILY Coronaviridae
B GENERA The subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the family Coronaviridae
(order Nidovirales) has four CoV genera:
 Alphacoronavirus
32
 Betacoronavirus
 Deltacoronavirus
 Gammacoronovirus
C COMMON Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
NAME
D HOST Multiple animal species, including camels, cattle, cats, and bats, are
susceptible to respiratory, intestinal, hepatic, and neurological
disorders caused by members of this enormous virus family. These
viruses can cross species barriers for unexplained reasons and cause
a range of illnesses in humans, from the common cold to severe
infections such as MERS and SARS.
E SIZE 0.1 μm in diameter
F GENETIC Positive-stranded RNA (+ssRNA)
MATERIAL
G CAPSID TYPE The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV packages the viral RNA to
form a helical capsid and is essential for viability.
H NAKED / Enveloped virus
ENVELOPE
I DISCOVERY February 2003
J MICROSCOPIC
IMAGE
II. DISEASE PROFILE

A NAME OF Corona Virus
DISEASE
B SYMPTOMS The signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease include:
33
OF THE  Fever
DISEASE  Cough
 Tiredness
 Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
 Muscle aches
 Chills
 Sore throat
 Runny nose
 Headache
 Chest pain
 Conjunctivitis
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Diarrhea
 Rash
C INCUBATION
PERIOD
D MODE OF On average, the newly infected individual displayed symptoms 5.6
TRANSMISSIO days after initial encounter. Occasionally, symptoms emerged two
N days after exposure. The majority of patients with symptoms had
them by day 12 By day 14, the majority of the other ailing
individuals had also become ill.
E DIAGNOSIS If you have COVID-19, get tested. Test availability varies by
location. Local health departments can tell you where to be tested.
Include hospitals and pharmacies with drive-thru testing. You can
stay in your automobile to prevent COVID-19 from spreading.
Depending on the region, someone may approach your automobile or
ask you to gather a sample. Nasal swabs gather COVID-19 virus test
samples. Depending on where you have your test, you may get
results the same day or a few days later. Test COVID-19. Self-isolate
if you have or suspect COVID-19 to prevent spread. If you've been
exposed to COVID-19, you may need to self-isolate even if your test
is negative. It takes time after exposure for a sample to show
COVID-19 infection
F TREATMENT As with a cold or influenza, drink water and rest extensively.
COVID-19 symptoms typically resolve on their own. If your
symptoms are more severe than a regular cold, consult a physician.
He or she may prescribe medication for pain or fever. If you are
having difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.
G PREVENTION The COVID-19 vaccine can protect you and others from getting sick.
In public, wearing a mask prevents the spread of the infection. Any
mask will protect; however, people are urged to wear KN95, Kf94,
or N95 wherever possible. Even with a mask, avoid sick people or
34
huge crowds. Stay home if you're unwell and get tested. Use a tissue
or your sleeve or elbow to cover your cough. Cough into your elbow.
Wash your hands for 20 seconds with soap and water after using the
restroom, eating, and blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. Use
an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol if soap and
water are unavailable. Avoid touching your face.
H VACCINE COVID-19 has three vaccines. Pfizer-BioNTech has FDA approval,
while Moderna and Janssen have emergency use authorisation.
AAFP and CDC suggest Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine for
ages 5 and up, and Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccinations for
ages 18 and up. Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are preferred.
Adults 12 and older should get COVID-19 booster shots for
maximum protection. 12-17-year-olds can take Pfizer.
I NO OF DAYS 2-14 days
BEING
SYMPTOMATI
C
J. IMAGE OF
INFECTED
PATIENT
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GROUP 3 - Assignment-4 - Medically-Significant-Viruss

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BIO1227 Microbiology and Parasitology

Remo, Igie Paul B. Radivulla, Cassandra M.

Romero, Hannah A. Sardua, Angel ann C.

Tuazon, Guenevere Franchesca H. Yao, Ariexeus Akean D.

Medically Significant Viruses: Causative Agent and Disease Profile

II. DISEASE PROFILE

define disease epidemiologic patterns and aid rabies

ITE MSV PROFILE

II. DISEASE PROFILE

C INCUBATION PERIOD 3O to 40 years

II. DISEASE PROFILE

For humans, the virus spreads through direct contacts such

From the person-to-person transmission, preventive

measures can be avoiding direct contact with the

I DISCOVERY First recorded case was in a Chinese medical

II. DISEASE PROFILE

II. DISEASE PROFILE

ears · unusual irritability · difficulty sleeping

II. DISEASE PROFILE

II. DISEASE PROFILE

II. DISEASE PROFILE

G PREVENTION  Using EPS-registered insect repelllent

II. DISEASE PROFILE

II. DISEASE PROFILE

After a few days, flat, red patches begin to emerge on

Small blisters containing a clear fluid, which later

II. DISEASE PROFILE

surrounds your brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid)

F TREATMENT There is no cure for polio exist. Supportive treatment

F GENETIC MATERIAL H1N1 virus

II. DISEASE PROFILE

confirmed cases of H1N1 influenza A infection

II. DISEASE PROFILE

I NO OF DAYS BEING 8 to 10 days

II. DISEASE PROFILE

Possible signs and symptoms include:

 Muscle aches and joint pain

 Sore throat and painful mouth sores

 Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck

You might not even be aware of these symptoms because

C INCUBATION PERIOD The incubation period of HIV is between 1 and 6 weeks

weeks of HIV contact, antigens, which are

G PREVENTION HIV can be prevented by using contraceptives such as

The best method of defense against HIV and other STIs is

By lowering the possibility of vaginal or anal rips brought

It's critical to avoid sharing any of the following: needles,

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication may be

For some persons who have a high risk of contracting

II. DISEASE PROFILE

pregnant mothers can transmit the virus to their

damaged, you may be eligible for a liver transplant.

II. DISEASE PROFILE

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, June 16). rabies. Encyclopedia Britannica.

CDC. Smallpox. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/index.html#

Cook, W., et. al (n.d.). Smallpox (Variola Virus) - Topoisomerase 1B.

Coronavirus: Detailed taxonomy. (n.d.). https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/AVMA-

Department of Health (2011, October). Smallpox. New York State.

Ebola Virus. (2014). Baylor College of Medicine. https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-

Human Retroviruses: A common Virology. ScienceDirect.

Hepatitis B Photos | CDC. (2021, April 5). Www.cdc.gov.

Hepatitis B Foundation: History of Hepatitis B Vaccine. (n.d.). Www.hepb.org.

John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Ear Infection (Otitis Media).

Kuo, E. (2018, September 17). Tracheobronchitis. healthline.