Professional Documents
Culture Documents
تمارين درس الاحتمالات
تمارين درس الاحتمالات
: أ
! (1ا #23ل P : /0أو F
ه ا )( ' 8ا ! ت 9 :اذن M:ء ا" ! ت ھ: # (2اذن أ 6ى Fھ ا! و Pھ ا!
ا" ! ت ھ : 9 :اذن ( # ه ا )( ' إ ! ) اذن
} Ω = {PPP; PPF ; PFP; PFF ; FPP; FPF ; FFP; FFF
} Ω = { P; F
8) card ( Ω ) = 8ا ! ت (9 :
Ω <(9 :أ ر , -ا ( # اذن) card ( Ω ) = 2 :إ ! )
ا ا ا ا اEو / ا
2 2 2 )) ) < :2
A) : 4اEر م ا ) 1 :و 3و 5 (1د #ن ا" ! ت ه ا )( ' ؟
ا ي ! <! )D ' Q> #ل ر د د ا Eاد ا !# (2د ر , -ا ( Ω #
اEر م ا 9 : ' ,
ا اب :ر Iا #ات ! ا )6ره ب GHث Sت S0)T : أ
Wر Vات ! (1ا #23ل PP : /0أو FFأو FPأو PFاذنPP :
ر Iا #ات ر Iا Vات و FFھ ا ! أ 6ى ھ ا
3 3 : ھ ت ! ا" # ( اذن 9 : ت ! ا 4 ' )( ا ه اذن (2
ر د ا Eاد ا !# )0اد :ن و X,ا Aأ أD DE }Ω = { PP; FF ; PF ; FP
ا ي ! <!Q> #
ھcard ( Ω ) = 3 × 3 = 9 :# و > 4) card ( Ω ) = 4 :ا ! ت (9 :
A) : 5اEر م ا ) 1 :و 2و 6 ? ا" ! ت ل (Cة ا ! Bت @3A0 ! > ا)D
ا ي ! <!Q> #
S0)T ر د د ا Eاد ا !#
ا ا اEو / ا
' )Dل اEر م ا 9 : ' ,
ا اب :ط ( :1ر Iا #ات ! ا )6ره ب GHث Sت 2 2
S0)T
اء أا card ( Ω ) = 2 × 2 = 4
! ر Iا Vات )S0)T ) S !' 9 :
ر Iا #ات ر Iا Vات ات )) GHث :3
2 3
(1أر (C IDة ا" ! ت
3 ' )Tر >2 ھ < <A ط ( ? :2ا ! (2د #ن ا" ! ت Ωو د ) card ( Ω
>Z
و > Qد ا" ! ت ھ #د ا ) < Aت :
: ا
! (1ا #23ل PPP : /0أو FFFأو ......
اذن A32 = 3 × ( 3 − 1) = 3 × 2 = 6 :
أ 6ى و ........ و FFFھ ا ! PPPھ ا
! <! )D ' > #ل ا 3وف ا ) S 9 :و Iو Dو A A 7
A) : 12ا # 3ا ) E = {a; b; c; d } : ? \V) : 7ا <] ا # 3ل ( Xا /0 9\MاEزرار
د د أ fاء ا ( E #ا ) <#)3ي GH /0ث > Z اEر' ا ) < ? 3اEر م ا ! 0 #ا ,ي A < < X,وإ"
- 0< ^0\ D
ا اب card ( E ) = 4 : > :
" د ا > Eن ا ,ا !> إذا _ 0أن اEر م ا !# .1
ط ( :1 !>> <! ارھ
<! Q> #و S g< / , ! ا (fء A1 = {a; b; c} : " د ا > Eن ا ,ا !> إذا _ 0أن اEر م ا !# .2
<! Q> #و S g< / , د ! ا د A2 = {a; b; d } : !>> <! ارھ و<)!#ن 9 :اEر م ا ) 1 : 9 :و , 2و 3و 4
' أر' aأر م )Tرة ا اب ? (1:ا ! ھ < < A
<! Q> #و S g< / , ! ا (fء A3 = {b; c; d } :
10أر م د ا" ! ت ھ #د ا ) < Aت :
<! Q> #و S g< / , د ! ا د A4 = {a; c; d } :
و >A10 = 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 = 5040 Q
4
A ×A
2 4
8× 7 ×10 × 9 × 8 × 7 5 × 2 × 3× 3× 4 × 2 × 7 3× 2 × 7 B /ا )>< أوA # ( ا/ ا ) <>) اZ > ا# ھA ∪ B
8 10
= = = = 42
5
8× 7 × 6 × 5× 4 6× 5× 4 3
A 8
1 A ∪ B = 0;1;2;6;7;
4
A # ( ا/ا )>< " وE / ا ) <>) اZ > ھ اA و
8!× 3 8 × 7!× 3 8 × 3 12! 12 ×11× 10! 12 × 11 3
= = = 24 = = = 132 A = 2;5; Q> و
7! 7! 1 و10! 10! 1
4
9!× 7 ! 9 × 8!× 7 ! 9 × 7 ! 9 × 7 × 6 × 5! : # ھZ > ثGH /0 ي#)3< ) اE اءf ( د أ3
= = = = 9 × 7 × 6 = 378
5!× 8! 5!× 8! 5! 5! 7! 7! 7 × 6 × 5 × 4! 7 × 6 × 5
C 7 = 3!( 7 − 3)! = 3!4! = 3!4! = 3! = 35
3
109 10 × 108
8
10
= = 10 × = 10 × (2 ) = 2560
8
: ا
: l اDر ا 6! 6! 6 × 5 × 4! 6 × 5
= = = = = 15
2
C 6
2!( 6 − 2 ) ! 2!4! 2!4! 2!
8! 8! 8 × 7 × 6 × 5! 8 × 7 × 6
= = = = = 8 × 7 = 56
3
C 8
3!( 8 − 3) ! 3!5! 3!5! 3 × 2 ×1
12! 12! 12 ×11× 10 × 9 × 8! 12 ×11×10 × 9
= = = = = 990
4
C 12
4!(12 − 4 ) ! 8!4! 8!4! 4 × 3 × 2 ×1
11! 11! 11 × 10 × 9 × 8! 11 × 2 × 5 × 3 × 3
= = = = = 165
3
C 11
3!(11 − 3 ) ! 8!3! 8!3! 3 × 2 ×1
( ) ( )
P C وP A وP ( A ∪ C ) وP ( A ∩ C ) وP ( A ∪ B) 0. C = 1
0
C = 1: @ A ا
0
n 12
( ) ( )
n− p
p C و1 − p ( C ) و رنp A و1 − p ( A ) :( رن3 C =C @ A ا0. C = C = 165 : > أن.?
p 8 3
n n
: 11 11
و12!× 7!
12!
P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) : ^ أن3<(4 وA 7 وA8 3 5
: X, أ:17
10! 10!× 8!
P ( A ∪ C ) = P ( A ) + P ( C ) : ^ أن3<(5
B = {e; f ; g ; h} A = {a; b; c; d ; e; f } (1:اب ا 9!× 5! A 94 109 9!× 7! 8!× 3
وA ×A
2 4
C = {a; b; c; d; e; f ; g; h} A = { g ; h; i; j; m} : ا
= 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 = 6720 = 7 × 6 × 5 = 210
5 3
A A
A ∪ B = {a; b; c; d ; e; f ; g; h} A ∩ B = {e; f }
8 7
A ×A 6 × 5 × 4 ×10 × 9 × 8 × 7 5 × 4
3 4
= = = 20
A ∪ C = {a; b; c; d ; e; f ; i; j; m} A ∩ C = ∅
6 10
5
10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 1
A 10
; 82 :ذ ا 3
! تB ء اM: # ھΩ @ card ( Ω ) د .1 و CardB 4
p ( B) = = p ( A) =
CardA 6 (2
=
Card Ω 11 Card Ω 11
: ) اث اEد ا ) ل ا .2 وp ( A ∩ B) = Card ( A ∩ B) = 2 p ( C ) = CardC = 3
CardΩ 11 Card Ω 11
A" 1 I ? ا3 ص X3D " Card ( A ∩ C ) 0 Card ( A∪B) 8
و p( A∩C) = = = 0 p( A∪B) = =
B"3 I ?ا3 ص X3D " Card Ω 11 CardΩ 11
( ∪ )
C" زوI ? ر3 ص X3D " ( )
وp A = Card A
Card Ω 11
=
5
p( A∪C) =
Card A
Card Ω
C
=
9
11
X3D " D" 2 وي, أو \Z أI رX3D " ( )
p C =
CardC 8
=
Card Ω 11
E" 1 I ? ا3 " ص 6 5
card ( Ω ) = 12 (1:اب ا
( )
= p C و1 − p ( A) = 1 − = = p ( A) (3
11 11
: د ا ! ات ط,A' #وھ
3 8
1 − p (C ) = 1 − =
> وق2 ا 11 11
6 4 2 8
p ( A) =
CardA 2 1
= = p ( B) =
CardB 0
= = 0 (2 P( A) + P( B) − P( A∩B) = + − = = P( A∪B) (4
Card Ω 12 6 Card Ω 12 11 11 11 11
6 3 9
p ( D) =
CardD 5
= p (C ) =
CardC 10 5
= =
P ( A ) + P ( C ) = + = = P ( A ∪ C ) (5
Card Ω 12 Card Ω 12 6 11 11 11
:@ 3' -ا#V ا )( ' اiS>' نA< نH B وA :19
GH و E = A أيA ث30 دM ث ا3 ا# ھE . p ( A ∩ B ) = 0, 3 وp ( B ) = 0, 4 وp ( A ) = 0, 7
( )
p ( E ) = p A = 1 − p ( A) = 1 −
1 5
=
6 6
( ) ( )
p ( A ∪ B ) وp B وp A :X, أ
( )
p (M ) = p D = 1− p (D ) = 1−
2 3
=
5 5 p ( B) =
CardB C3 4 2 1
= = 4 = = = (2
Card Ω 28 28 14 7
m < داء و#D ة وا ة > 9 : داء#D ة وا ة X3D 3 3
CardR C 10 5 وp ( N ) = CardN = = C3 = 1
p ( R) = == 5 = =
ى6Eان ا# Eا ' '#3, > داو#D Card Ω 28 28 14 CardΩ 28 28
CardE C × C 7 3 ×C 7
1 2 2 5! 5! 5 × 4 × 3! 5 × 4
= = = = = 10
3
p( E) = == 3 = C 5
3!( 5 − 3)! 2!3!
CardΩ 120 120 2!3! 2!
:ن p (F ) =
CardF C 1 ×C 42 6 ×C 42 6 × 6 36
== 6 = = = =
3 ( )
p ( M ) = p D = 1− p ( D) = 1−
3
=
8 2
=
11 28 7
Card Ω 120 120 120 120 10
CardE C 2 × C81 6 × 8 12
4! 4! 4 × 3 × 2! 4 × 3 p(E) = == 4 = =
C 4 = 2!( 4 − 2)! = 2!2! = 2!2! = 2! = 6
2
Card Ω 220 220 55
X (Ω) 0 1 2 4
2
1 1 1 1 5
V ( X ) = ( −1) × + 02 × + 22 × + 42 × −
2
P ( X = xi ) 7/28= 3/28 12/2 6/28=
3 4 4 6 6 1/4 8=3/7 3/14
: > أن.?
1 8 25 25 144 − 25 119
V ( X ) == +1+ − = 4 − = = P ( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1) + P ( X = 2 ) + P ( X = 4 ) = 1
3 3 36 36 36 36
E(X ) : بQ f : ;S اT ب ا0.(3
119
σ (X ) = :Q> و E( X) = 0× p( X = 0) +1× p( X =1) +2× p( X = 2) +4× p( X = 4)
36
7 3 12 6 3+ 24 +24 51
1 ,1 ,0 :ر مE ? ا3< ات6 /0 > وقZ ي#)3 : 33 E( X) = 0× +1× +2× +4× = =
.i 0 ' > ' f ) " ! ا2 ,2, 2, , 28 28 28 28 28 28
ن إ ! ت# Ω ! .> وق2 ا < g< و-ا#V X3, V ( X ) : بQ f : ةJ ب ا0.
. -ا#V ھ ه ا )( ' ا
V ( X ) = E ( X 2 ) − ( E ( X )) : ا \ ة ھ
2
عر ( ) ? 9' ) ا-ا#V ا )\ اY !
)'#3, ا ! < ا 2
7 3 12 6 51
. Y -ا#V ھ ا )\ ا6g ) اI ( د ا1 = 02 × + 12 × + 22 × + 42 × −
. Y ن ا ) ل# ( د2 28 28 28 28 28
2 2
Y اف ا ازي ل3 " و ا \ ة و اl ? اE( د ا3 3 48 96 51 147 51 4116 2601
= + + − = − = 2 − 2
: أ 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
/0 1 و0 ن اG 3< ') ن#3, (إذا _ ا ! < ن ا1 1515
x = 1 + 0 = 1 : ن: ا#) ا V (X ) =
784
. x = 1 + 2 = 3 ن: ا#) ا/0 2 و1 ن اG 3< ) و إذا σ ( X ) : ازيW اف ا+ - ب ا0.
و ھY -ا#V ھ ا )\ ا6g ) اI ا/ ,< >! اI ا
Y ( Ω) f ' f # ( ن#!< σ ( X ) = V ( X ) #ازي ھ اف ا3 "ا
Y ( Ω ) = {1; 2;3; 4} : > اذن 1515
σ (X ) =
. Y -ا#V ن ا ) ل ا )\ ا# د3> (2 784
Y ( Ω ) = {1; 2;3; 4} : > :ف Q ) ن ا# -ا#V )\ اX ! : 32
: ) ا ( ول ا
ة /0 و,0 I ? ا3< ة /0 ل#23 > ا (X = 1)
xi −1 0 2 4
1 I ? ا3<
C11 × C21 2 p (X = x i ) a
. p (Y = 1) = 2
= إذن 1 1 1
C6 15 3 4 6
ة /0 و, 2 I ? ا3< ة/0 ل#23 ( > اY = 2 )
.1 I ن اG 3< < /0 ل#23 أو ا.0 I ? ا3<
a ( أيX = 2 ) ث3 ا ) ل اX, (أ1
C1 × C31 + C22
p (Y = 2 ) = 1 :إذن . σ ( X ) وE ( X ) X, (أ2
C62
ة /0 و,1 I ? ا3< ة /0 ل#23 > ا ( Y = 3) P ( X = 2) + (1: ا
C11 × C31 6 3 : أنN*:
p (Y = 3) = 2
= = . إذن.2 I ? ا3< P ( X = −1) + P ( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 2 ) + P ( X = 4 ) = 1
C6 15 5
: إذن,2 I ن اG 3< < /0 ل#23 > ا (Y = 4 ) 3
+ a = 1 : ; أنH:
1 1 1
+ + a + = 1 : ; أنH:
4 3 4 6
C32 3 1
p (Y = 4 ) =
2
= = 1 3
a = : ; أنH: a = 1 − : ; أنH:
C6 15 5 4 4
: ) ا ( ول ا: Y -ا#V ن ا ) ل ا )\ ا# vT0 (2
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5
E( X ) = −1× + 01× + 2× + 4× =− + + =
3 4 4 6 3 2 3 6
σ ( X ) : ازيW اف ا+ - ب ا0.
σ ( X ) = V ( X ) #ازي ھ اف ا3 "ا
; 82 :ذ ا 8
C11 × C31 3 2 3 4
p ( Z = 0) =
xi 1
2
= .إذن
C6 15
ة /0 و−1 I ? ا3< ة /0 ل#23 > ا ( Z = 1) p (Y = xi ) 2 4 6 3
15 15 15 15
.2 I ? ا3<
1 I ? ا3< ة/0 و0 I ? ا3< ة/0 ل#23 أو ا
C11 × C31 + C11 × C11 4 Y ازي ل اف ا3 "و ا \ ة و ا l ? اE ا3<(3
p ( Z = 1) = 2
= :إذن :# ھl ? اEا
C6 15
2 4 6 3 40 8
ة /0 و2 I ? ا3< ة /0 ل#23 > " ا ( Z = 2) E (Y ) = 1× + 2 × + 3× + 4 × = =
15 15 15 15 15 3
" .0 I ? ا3< : ا \ ةھ
C × C11 1
1
p ( Z = 2) = V ( X ) = E (Y 2 ) − ( E (Y ) ) =
2
1
= :إذن
C62 15 2
2 4 6 3 8
ة /0 و2 I ? ا3< ة /0 ل#23 > " ا ( Z = 3) 64 8
= 12 × + 22 × + 32 × + 42 × − = 8 − =
15 15 15 15 3 9 9
" . 1 I ? ا3<
8 2 2 :# اف ا ازي ھ3 "ا
C × C11 1
1 σ (Y ) = V (Y ) = =
p ( Z = 3) = 1
= .إذن 9 3
C62 15
:34
: ) ا ( ول ا: Z -ا#V ن ا ) ل ا )\ ا# vT0 0,-1,-1,-1,1,2 :ر مE ? ا3< ات6 /0 > وقZ ي#)3
.i 0 ' > ' f ) " ! ا
xi −2 −1 0 1 2 3
ن إ ! ت# Ω ! .> وق2 ا < g< و-ا#V X3,
. -ا#V ھ ه ا )( ' ا
p ( Z = xi ) 3 3 3 4 1 1
عر ( ) ? 9' ) ا-ا#V ا )\ اZ !
15 15 15 15 15 15 )'#3, ا ! < ا
.Z -ا#V ا \) ھ ا6g ) اI ( د ا1
. Z ن ا ) ل# ( د2
Z ازي ل اف ا3 "و ا \ ة و ا l ? اE ا3<(3 Z ازي ل اف ا3 "ة و ا \ و اl ? اE( د ا3
:# ھl ? اEا : أ
3 3 3 4 1 1 ( −1) + ( −1) = ( −2 ) (1
E( Z) =−2× +−1× +0× +1× +2× +3×
15 15 15 15 15 15
( −1) + ( 0 ) = ( −1)
6 3 4 2 3
E( Z) = − +− + + + = 0 ( −1) + (1) = ( 0 )
15 15 15 15 15
V ( Z) = E( Z2 ) −( E( Z) ) : ا \ ة ھ
2 (1) + ( 0 ) = (1) ( أو2 ) + ( −1) = (1)
3 3 2 3 ( 2) + (0) = ( 2)
V ( Z ) = ( − 2 ) × + ( −1) × + ( 0 ) ×
2 2
15 15 15 ( 2 ) + (1) = ( 3)
4 1 1 Z -ا#V ا \) ھ ا6g ) اI ا/ ,< >! اI ا
+ (1) × + ( 2 ) × + ( 3) × − ( 0 )
2 2 2 2
; 82 :ذ ا 9
,: 36 ? ر3< ' أيX3D ' !>> م#3, ت اA ث اGH :
: ; ر اL- ا: .I 0 وى, دS _ اA د أي د ا:
6/ا1 ), اQ أوA ! دا _ A د أي د ا: ? ر3< وا ة ' X3D >>! أو
" 3 /0 , 0 ?' د/0 ل#23 " ا: ) ث ا3 اA) و 1 وى, دS ا
A دS _ اA د أي د ا: ن رG 3< ) ' X3D >>! أو
ا ) لp ( A ) = p وA ث3 ا ) ل اp ( A ) = p X, أ 2 وى,
دS _ اA د أي د ا: ? ر3< HGH X3D >>! أو
A ث3ا 3 وى,
: اتP [ أر0 راL- ر ا.II : ھX -ا#V ھ ا )\ ا6g ) ا !> اI اذن ا
n = 4 : # د ا ات ھ: ات4 ا > د اي X ( Ω ) = {0;1; 2;3}
^ 3) ) د ا ات ا2 وي, ا ي-ا#V ا )\ اX !
.( رA)6 اn = 4 لG6) A ث3 ا: . X -ا#V ن ا ) ل ا )\ ا# د3> (2
-ا#V ھ ا )\ ا6g ) اI ( د ا1 X ( Ω ) = {0;1; 2;3} : >
. X ن ا ) ل# ( د2 زو ? ر3< ت A ث اGH ل#23 > ا ( X = 0)
.V ( X ) و ا \ ةE ( X ) l ? اE اX, ( أ3 3
A 2 1
: أ . p ( X = 0) = 4
3
= = إذن
A
9 42 21
: ; ر اL-ا: (1
" د: ? ر3< وا ة ' /0 ل#23 > " ا ( X = 1)
( )
p A = 1 − p ( A) =
2
و
2 1
p ( A) = =
C × A × A 15
1 2 1
p ( X = 1) =
3 6 3 3
= :إذن
4 5
A 42 21
p ( X = k ) = Cn p (1 − p ) , k ∈ {0;1; 2;3; 4}
k k n−k 9
. X ن ا ) ل# د3<
" د: ? ر3< ت ' ثGH /0 ل#23 > " ا ( X = 3)
3
A 5
p ( X = 3) =
0 4 4
0 1 2 2 16 = .إذن
p ( X = 0 ) = C4 = 1 × 1 × =
5
3
3 3 3 81 A 42 9
1 3 3 : ) ا ( ول ا: X -ا#V ن ا ) ل ا )\ ا# vT0
1 2 1 2 32
p ( X = 1) = C = 4 × × =
1
4
3 3 3 3 81 xi 0 1 2 3
p ( X = xi )
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 24 2 15 20 5
p ( X = 2 ) = C42 = 6 × × =
3 3 9 3 81 42 42 42 42
3 1 1
1 2 1 2 8
p ( X = 3) = C43 = 4 × × =
3 3 27 3 81 X ازي ل اف ا3 "و ا \ ة و ا l ? اE ا3<(3
1 2
4
1 1
0
:# ھl ? اEا
p ( X = 4 ) = C44 = 1 × =
2 15 20 5 5
3 3 81 81 E ( X ) = 0 × + 1× + 2 × + 3 × =
xi 0 1 2 3 4 42 42 42 42 3
V ( X) = E( X2 ) −( E( X) ) : ا \ ة ھ
2
p ( X = xi ) 16 32 24 8 1 2
2 2 2 15 2 20 2 5 5
81 81 81 81 81 V ( X ) = ( 0) × + (1) × + ( 2) × + ( 3) × −
42 42 42 42 3
10 25 5
(3 V ( X) = − =
.V ( X ) و ا \ ةE ( X ) l ? اE ب ا,
3 9 9
5 5 :# اف ا ازي ھ3 "ا
هھ Dا و -ا#V \) # ھX -ا#V ' أن ا )\ ا σ (Z ) = V (Z ) = =
9 3
1
p= وn=4
3
V ( X ) = np (1 − p ) وE ( X ) = np : ن:
1 4
E ( X ) = np = 4 × = :# ھl ? اEا
3 3
; 82 :ذ ا 10
1 3 3 1 3 1 2 8
E (X ) = 0 × + 1× + 2 × + 3 × = (3 V ( X ) = np (1 − p ) = 4 × × = : ا \ ة ھ
8 8 8 8 2 3 3 9
1 2 2 2 2 ' )) ث اتGH S f m
× 0 − + × 1 − + : 37
3
V (X ) =
8 3 8 3 A" F Q # ر ا# " ظ: ) ث ا3 اA) و
3 2 2 2 2 : ) ث ا3 ا ) ل اX, أ
× 2 − + × 3 −
1
8 3 8 3 B" 9AM ' < F Q # ر ا# " ظ
3 3 : ' )) ث اتGH ر وا )! رA)6 أ م ا3 : ا اب
σ (X ) = ؛ V (X ) = 1
2 4 p = وn = 3 ه ھDا و -ا#V \) أي أ م
2
داء و#D 12 ء وM ' ات 5 /0 > وقZ ي#)3 : 40 1
. اء 3 p ( A) = @ n = 3 : ) ة ا ) ? ا,
2
لG q' a' )) ' ات8 X3,
p ( X = k ) = Cnk p k (1 − p ) , k ∈ {0;1; 2;3}
n−k
" 9AM ' ءM ' ات6 /0 ل#23 " ا: B ث3 اA)
P ( B ) : X, (ا1
2 1 1
1 1 1 1 3
p ( X = 2 ) = C32 = 3 × × =
" ءM ' ا ! ة: ن#!< ) " د ا ات ا: X : A) (2 2 2 4 2 8
V ( X ) ؛E ( X ) : X, ا 2
: # رام ا ف ھX 2 ! ا" ) ل: 38
. ة وا ة X3D # ر ھA)6"(ا1 : أ 3
. ةn = 8 رA)6"د ا : و"ت3 5م ھ ا ا ا ب
: ' )) ات H ر وا )! رA)6 أ م ا3 : ) ث ا3 ا ) ل اX, أ
" ءM ' ة/0 ل#23 " ا: A B" 9AM ' اتa' ا ف أرX 2 " ا ا
5 1 : ' )) ات , 6 ر وا )! رA)6 أ م ا3 : ا اب
P (A) = =
20 4 2
p = وn = 5 ه ھDا و -ا#V \) أي أ م
1 3
p= وn=8 هھ Dو ا -ا#V \) أي أ م
2
4 p ( A) = @ n = 5 : ) ة ا ) ? ا,
"ة k = 6 A ع# " و: B 3
1 8−6 p ( X = k ) = Cnk p k (1 − p ) , k ∈ {0;1; 2;3; 4;5}
n−k
1 6
P ( B ) = P ( X = 6 ) = C 86 1 −
4 4 4 1 4 1
4 2 1 2 1 16 80
6 2 p ( X = 4) = C5 = 5 = 5 =
P ( B ) = P ( X = 6 ) = C 86
1 3 3 3 3 3 243 243
4 4
1 )) ات3 :39
p = وn = 8 هW ا ; و. ;4 اI2 J X (2
4 ? ) ( ' د ا ات ا ي9' ا ي-ا#V " ا )\ ا: X
؛E (X ) = 8 ×
1
: إذن " P Q # ا: w
4 X ( Ω ) ؛cad Ω د-1
1 1 3 X ن ا ) ل# د-2
V ( X ) = 8 × × 1 − =
4 4 2 σ ( ) ( ) ; E ( X ) : X, ا-3
X ;V X
ات4 ء وM ' ات5 /0 > وقZ ي#)3 : 41 card Ω = 23 = 8 (1: أ
2 داء و#D Ω = FFF ; FFP ; FPF ; PFF ; FPP ; PFP ; PPF ; PPP
{ }
. ات5 > وق2 اX3, .اء
ع ا ! ات# ( ' ( ) ? 9' ا ي-ا#V " ا )\ ا: X X ( Ω ) = {0; 1; 2; 3}
"ءMAا 1
P ( X = 0 ) = : ( إذنX = 0 ) = {FFF } (2
" ? E ا/0 ءM ' ة/0 ل#23 " ا: A ث3 ا 8
X ( Ω ) : د-1 ( X = 1) = {FFP ; FPF ; PFF }
: ? : p ( X = 2 ) cardA : X, ا-2 3
P ( X = 1) = : إذن
z< X3, ا-أ 8
لG q' a' )) ' X3, ا- ب 1 3
لG ' ون إa' )) ' X3, ا- ج P ( X = 3) = ؛P (X = 2) = :
8 8
X ( Ω ) = {0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5} (1: ا اب X (Ω) 0 1 2 3
card Ω = C11 :
5
_ +0 ( أ( ا2 P ( X = xi ) 1/8 3/ 3/8 1/8
8
" ءM ' أي ة/0 ل#23 " م ا: A ث3 اA)
; 82 :ذ ا 11
3
P (A ∪ B ) =
:إذن cardA = C11
5
− C 65 : إذنcardA = C 65 : H
4
C 52× C 63
( )
P A ∩ B = P (B − A ) : أنN*: p (X = 2) = 5
C11
P (B − A) = P (B ) − P (A ∩ B ) : و
card Ω = 115 : ?ل.` P +0 ب ( ا
( )
P A ∩ B = P ( B ) − P (A ∩ B ) :إذن " ءe ةC أيb*2 لc+ م ا2 " : A ث+ ا:
cardA = 115 − 65
(
P A∩B = ) 1
12
: GH و : إذنcardA = 65 : H
5263 2
2 5 6
3
p ( X = 2) = C52 : أو p ( X = 2) = C
h 8 واN2 واi+ * ر 115
5
11 11
ءM ' ات 3 /0 > وقZ ي#)3 :(2009 ن+ )ا:1 card Ω = A11
5
: ?ل. ون إP +0 ج ( ا
اء ات5و
) ض أنS آن وا و: > وق2 ا < -ا#V X3, " ءe ةC أيb*2 لc+ م ا2 " : A ث+ ا:
.X3,< ! ا" ) لiS ا ! اتa cardA = A11
5
− A65 : إذنcardA = A65 : H
iS ث اتGH /0 ل#23 " ا: ) اH 3 اA) (1
A52 A63
A" ن#0 ا p (X = 2) = C 52 5
B"/> /> ن#0 اS0)T ث اتGH /0 ل#23 " ا A11
3 3 .اء 3 داء و#D ات6 /0 > وقZ ي#)3 : 42
p ( B) = وp ( A) = : ' أن
11 44 . لG ' ون إa' )) ' < > وق2 اX3,
ث اتG A3D ? 9' ا ي-ا#V ا )\ اX ! (2 " داء#D / وE " ا ! ة ا: A ث3 ا: A)
0 3< ) ان ا# E د ا: " اء " ا ! ة ا:B ث3 ا
. X ن ا ) ل# أ( د P ( A ∩ B ) ; P (B ) ; P ( A ) : أ – د
E ( X ) l ? اE اX, ب(أ ن ؟G ), B وA ? ھ-ب
:/0 > وقZ ي#)3 :2 (
P A∩B ) , P ( A ∪ B ) , PB ( A ) : X, ا-ج
2 , 1 , 1 ر مE ? ا3< أ اص3
2 , 2 , 1 , 1 ر مE ? ا3< أ اص4 : ا
3 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 1 ر مE ? ا3< أ اص5 card Ω = 9 × 8 = 72 ( أ
) ض أنS و آن وا: > وق2 ا Z -ا#V X3, (اء داء أو#D X ) NX : A ث3 ا
.X3,< ! ا" ) لiS اصE اa card ( A ) = 6 × 8 = 48
" ن#0 اiS Z X3D " : ) اث اE اA) (1 2
p ( A) =
48 2
ةC A أوp ( A ) =
=
A 3 72 3
RR أوNR : B ث3 ا
ل#23 و " ا B" 9 : M6أ ص وا /0 ل#23 " ا
card ( B ) = 3 × 2 + 6 × 3 = 24
C" I اiS نG 3 Z /0 3 2 6 3 24 1
p (B ) = × + × ة$ أوp ( B ) = =
C وB وA اثEد ا ) ل ا (a 9 8 9 8 72 3
1
ن ؟G ), B وA نH 3 ( ھ? اb p (B) = :إذن
3
Z >! A3D ? 9' ا ي-ا#V ا )\ اX ! (2 NR " اء. 8 داء و اb " ا و: A ∩ B ث+ ا
0 0(, ا ع ا# ( ' 1 6×3
ن# د وX -ا#V ھ ا )\ ا6g ا يI د ا (a P (A ∩ B ) = : GH وP ( A ∩ B ) = :إذن
4 9×8
. ا ) ل
X
3 p (A ∩ B )
σ ( x ) , V ( X ) , E ( X ) X, ( أb PA ( B ) = : إذنPA ( B ) = : أنN*:
8 p (A )
ر ل AD ت ( ى اB داريB اX)! ن ا#!) :3 (?ن0 g B وA (ب
: >D ن#HGH I >D ل وا أ< ن ا ' ' أر, ء, ثGHو P ( A ∩ B ) ≠ P (A ) × P (B ) : ن
ق#: pA ( B ) ≠ p ( B ) : أو ن
: إذنPB ( A) = (
3 p A ∩ B)
? ) X)! ھ ا ا اد: أHGH آن وا: -ا#V ) رT PB ( A ) = : أنN*: (ج
4 p ( B)
. : (ا
P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) : أنN*:
; 82 :ذ ا 12
"B 'Mو < X3D " : د ا ) ل ا Eاث ا ) د ا :Eاد ا ي .4 I >D ! Xا )\ ا #Vا -ا ي ,وي (1
"N #Dداو < " X3D ا :Eاد ا HGا )Tر ' #HGHن #: : >Dق
iSا #0ن "M < " X3D د #ن ا ) ل Xو د ا Iا ي 6gھ ا )\ ا #Vا-
#ن D" ]0)T < " X3D .X
: A) (2ا H 3ا )
ة وا ة ' Mء "B " ا )6ر HGHأ TCص " X3D و " ا )6ر ر 0و ا أة "A
4إ ث و 8ذ #ر #!) :7ن I, B" >D HGH I >Dأ ?
دا?6 ) ? ا : I,اV E <0 )Tر #Vا : -آن وا AوB دا ) لاH 3 (a
ا # (bھ? ا H 3ن Aو G ), Bن ؟
د ا" )6رات ا !> د ) card ( Ω .1 ا Eاد دا ! Aأو Qا /0 ? 3< ),ا )#ا A) :4