sttelt

Rumttples pdtolagy dnc pidcmwnlegrcai

pidemielagral Autad
An iullualueu awmen tu thun t d i huntr
ir
epidrunioleg« oal tuads aqent, hou aud tnvubnmant

tual to duclp a duiaHeat cdvau, Canun dugeuualve

uuual
u
to Hu
and seme chuauc dueaas ae hu ouly vnuplidr
olcas aud
t
Aule whn t hot wak | agout (staog
li cendutlie to genealus a Aeattn
Lnvuewuut

Biolmta Nuuituonal
Phyaita, cbuanitas, Mechantc

Agerh

/Hot
Physitas, biolaica
A enyfod
qenelit profesi'a
Custem habik
humau behavies

He
dya a g t
ln the develop ment ea Thew an e
Theu an be
Agun t càn e Qeving ex u avng
fote mert acto diuea.
ACpontible fer a sing
fox
mo%e agn
 o

Bialieal agenBs Theu ou uing qents T

au
ound tin man, animals ,1nuet,
oil&ud aû ete and
spMad in fee l+eu hy a ea üouw 9neuat
and ae poisomau
diseae
Baclata,ung and profogoa e*
Nutittenal aoent1 A
depjttoncy e w O an
among nutitenal tenlant o ooc4 imbalare
PAotin
Caubuydaate, fat wates mimeaals and vitaminr
Can 1dd to dua
3
Mechantal oLgenk Inuu
duelop due to acen withfataue
macuneR
wound ete
lbei
can

Poxt
Phyktca aqentt Heat cold, Paamu
ponue Aacki atiens eloetiuty and
Can lead to many diseae»
5 Chei cal age Gas,acid ox base
olleagic metalr
oetalt
cust mtka ete Can
6 Socia oget ' Souat deulop ay dia ses
Inuaain populatteen
agents ek peouet
ilukac
and Olhe mokug 1daukta ouu
adaicim1 Qsu aluo Xupesi blf many

Hoxt factex
Atuoncdira, t
epidawmiRmicahoexe
uQika soil uhta aqerkr uvan bod
en dueat auu ikoase edt Hest
faclorscan
furtfoebe ctdited to
9 Demoraphrt atos meu
melude
fplloor grup
Some
Seme duans aL tomnon in child bood
wduiduals se ay i
while Some other au ooA
(eg: meatlee)
eq: matler)
PAualent
oleage le enlaug
piomale
PAotale 9ond ataract ete)
Stmilaiy ,heu at cutaio
cduases wrth afeot Cwoer) while
tain oeu Qan
aund
 ) Brla caf factoxt Some dutau sonme
au Common
qpue
ndinduat oml eq duaer dopendug on the stauc
owlu
neo qente dans tonapni tal dteaus, mautal duciden,
oai dicaet , diablu and Qhypertnsupm ete
$Socio econoteacer Onct dueae &aluo afead bu The
iddvidual' eceuomte end social stálu , etucaluen , abi lag ( u r
Mau al condilons and picfeuten ete
4) Lstay rcons Cutom ad atuals , motel yalue, thabite,
Muti lon physica tobex tenaopluen qaluohol daua addscthn
Bwmokmg ,behavio cund pesenalky ete also aheot td
ondil duaa e peopladdAicc to clsag a alcoo

Fnvionental faclx thar beeu proved uat pollued envgenur}

Acsponsiblu for many diuuae Theu dosu hatHu enuoomert
ts euertial the eat mdividuol ancd comuny
evuomentat faelors Aeepeneible fe dio Can cCareed
t o thuu gioups
Phyacal envonment A, hous, Searon wutea, land
patue 1
igtnt, moix, Aadiatiow 1dupoal af barly tuaste
Cfadce and wnn dispoxal Atve ete au tacludad
n h aud Can lead to dihar
Bolai ta enveeonwertt Tus nclud u Rgeantcm: (Ortmnls,

inseer Aedent ) whrch Can Cause oluwae

Ryeho socta evuewt: Customs, tath ,eduralioo ckardans

wing u Hue PnsLe braakup

au ulatd ouut of dua ecthocluectey o trdhee
Agent e t envunmat play cmperta)zölet
n he e t edscage So to puotect 0v dkem dueaces
s eettial to maeraun abalarce Qmey, sheu e e
 eetm o cuou
a a taphre
7t tex fi
in the
h manifer4atons o
mauifestatóso

vatia tioms
pAe
tentalon

A s o imaqe o hard ocaolonr

TheSpeelum theugha
dwase as nued thouglna
as mued tmt
Pm by a tay l g t t
tnd aut te hainnirg,ed a
pCm dutt
colou Lik1 twie the spemLintca
hmdaciee Subcintal t
dua ma b iom
maniedalion (t ma b mild t
mlddle
fatat coirtons, howe ee
SeR Tbus , the c0anta prelue u a u
doe And thu varin tan in te
Similar mken as specsu
dutae alle
pmtatin gns ard Syoporor e
& ehuo ouxace
vazia
Ma be aferlacd by
Specltum dimae
ard genesally
te immuni t . and
ad
Hacte divrduallan) to irfeeftn
Huptivt flaed the

meical sCierce & the

al The
Pokeon paomotdn and ostosaleon oAea adbe
Thaee gal can
eduting fatn and stes atunt
asheudols haough puient e Peupto an
ou level

Paimedal pkcuenlors
Palmoadual paevenlkon, a ew Conupt,
Aetvng Cputal aHentuon the puentiors ochrooIc
clusase Th t pamaay Prhon o k puRagt genehat is
PAUenhon t e ewegerx ex dowclepmot oAtsk atou
in Counliesoopulasto» noupr Lo who sthay haue
Mot appeazed yee Copaned Fo enampls wangladue
 heaHh pfoblewns (ta O r t * uton) haur hut oanln ogens
im childueed, hcau
thi i tu we weu othes mad d au

myMtal e u)
Cfe etampke, Smoktng eaug e t urctod lousaud distte1309
In paimexolia puulen ehbortu
The
adoptng Masmfal Pihe tayles
matu
cilden o ú
in pAimotlal pueeM houge lindividuol
int venle
and MaK eclucalen

)Paimaç9 Puvmiom tun be dokined aeton

Pmase puueten as

taken pues to the emut o duau, whuelu kmbues the pexabil

mat a deuan wlll &uon oeu, t siqnfes 1miventken n e
deas &halth pzoblem (eg low btt
PA-pathneiu pha a
wezt othev depastua prone hea H Pamary puuhion ma
heatt
äuompluhad by 'Meane deugnd to pemole heneRal
and ueteg 1od qualix ponplepeople &b Speufre
DAOkeclive Meagures
T tencepi pAumaie peunton mow beng applied
Cotouay hat iae
paeuntiou of chaOni clivaet suel as
to t
ypeskngen and cuno based eu elimima lLen e wtliftatiou d
Risk dacte "duase Te wHo as uommaucled the folldwa
Coheu 1e
appieadhetor hu ptanaicy puuenluen chaonic duag
kuth actoi au elabite
Ropulauou (maw)sheileg
5)hol-nik
a) epulatu Cax)shaleg
Anothe puvtnlwi appaoach u "popu latio stale
whucn i dbd ot he whole' populalieu "neetaui nciuduat
Atu levis a : Phudiew hau hcen that eun a suiall Rocuctron
-he aueiage blted pacstua KRium chelestaol a populatieu
weuld paedae a lage Acchuettey in the treidonce tudio vaRula
 T rrula tou aprm
duetrd 0u
duia t l cha
e Cnomerlnnoutaoucl h

k i e tuaua, atito bing

tau td lhdridua0 at spe%d aiyk .

T
puuadi udividua ue Ruk by Hho
Acquur eletehou o
uk cimical mthols
limum
all tu lue
the pepulalieu
To havn an twpaut eA teu stzatea
piwiaal puhou, ( pepula
apicahe menled ai
nd kupl Ait otatg) Snald b mple
the a uualy teptemeustauy &olutu ppoaed. t
PAuma puvenieu
destqnedto paowtaie hata t o
Al M measuve Hnast adent and hag&rd1 in the
paptect against speuiti
Fundamental
heath meauo
pdblhe
envuopmdnt toiroly
Sanitaien seriei
activi tius such
as
ard and umter Suppliep
fod, milk
I munigalion paotutien
tien and C against ateupähnát E
enyuonmental role
barted to peimaay
àll
hospds and aceidentr and
CAL
and publiu hal
PAuentten Basie persenal hyqune
coneol
measumes t munidion feehen
kaenhad
tolecio Sol and
AehigeeaTten ba gaskoge
quld waste manaqetbent water Suppl
prokette
'have Adute the
and atment anc enual sanitation
eela duag theat to populatons

ondary Pauentoin
1h lee lude the stepr twheh
the groasth duase n it mithað stagg ard
Check he
Quoic complrcatons Stnce t &nof parib to StopD
 al dsaa pim at l au uacetnes q at! derare
at
a not aunilable antla lltha, atdent
ir
alo cannet be
easly Haqe
puuented, o by diagros thdeaa tn tt
and h n y TAea ung u PMopery Arduu the

uox dang
Complicatione m the cledae Tha majo
lechnugues eseeondar plLuen Tion as tauty taeatmet
and tmplernenttrg the haa H preqrammee efectively
ts dn iroperet
Seordary puoedlion tol
tn the tianisiorn olease t t olen mee
tonteol
eapenstuve and le ebheetwi han pximasey DAeventan

Tertiou paevantion har advarnad

when the dgeae proa
to
beyond it easly Plaqes: it is Pil poaible aomplth
torti a puuentien
pAivention by öhat might be alled
Teatiai pAben lton ihbludee all thoæ procoues and octians
cwhtih enimize the damage and dirab detiu Caurd he
those ashe mintmige the Suffng.q
dlsag
dlstag and aHempt
hu to adust to The prvailng
patunt and Aetöfora hoot
thu mak
Conditons Th kurd preuerton thclucles
diiabltiu whte
to Cortain phyacal thabilts Gnd
Liateno procese Moclenn tehabrare-
takung help Achabi
Inchde prychosoaalVocalional and maclical comporen!e
ased aneao wosk hom a aswt profokions
oprevonthon
Teutiany pAwentionxferds the ondpls
3Anofcelct rabilitation s
AD
AaiS2 ab Haa blat
.10kubd
 MorY o NTUE VETIO
l i t b e detvad
erlum C
und s tu pun tan duta Pa lio
dase u d eutinou paouu hat s a koustes
Ctt tu dwht mwd at wok wue
sintd&
(eprtalea
cunilabt
dow
a e brgt9
dura
ousd be toutaiud ad tte cdowa ge
Shaid wiioiged Then PAOCadue G called
Mad e wttv cnuoin"

Metheds eployad beoethe euugpuu duase

Heal paeuueievn
Spek paeketuoiu
Methods ploy ajtu e ccuAaALL oduxau
Eauly diagdenu and puompt ueakwment
Mi m cdiabitas aud damage
Rahai Qitalun

Maluods employed behpau th emuaento ofducage

Heal
prewo ieu
Specai Pxoketoin
Hcatta pemoion: HealRa paemeiow mpls
wpeovement-
enhanüng oknhal people t
mainkun ged eae T ai tha wmeasu
ü to
Cze Mu stu gsal uat o people co1hae the
Can be ptoled pem dinase . Thea
aps ou ot psc
dny dzat n a
440up dunaxa
& ncdudas:
IpAomnt iw tu ovuod soua eLenowe setu o ta
Ppulatien
 uama tduial1 ou

eadng poqrammu t woer aud ctildau

buat feedsa
i Paonkbtiou o malk
Ptevnoliou of ail omid
ed uealuen 42M b d . dzud
slo motiala e e ltha e hykevqe)
measdly topateutHhe iui tiateu
2a Spelapreteateu
cduai eR a qoup e duiau
o ui
tamplea
-lmmungano to potet agaunt epufin ducau
-Fortaft catuon ooeds wrte petemuaeuta Car att
twteLedunn)al 1do
sLdt Ueo Comdomsw pesleet agaunet.cexually
LN2 ANKenmilk duaw CSTp
peoteeeaqant
niOa hemie almek

u/-Canzo lung h q.uaot e cousumet peoduut

and cheskinga lte adukleaalianepeed foeod
diunu and osmt
peodut
euhente duae
Meltods mployed atee t
Casly dagmesu aud puompt uatmnt a t t u ene
4 h ailmnt u dhagmad
CO bepweuted aak te
PAimay sptoms duas
CaL bw 4astaod wediaely-
u t lee tcee Tuatmaue
ad thus mxbly and matal
dtter tu dagnei cdt n e u l cludks
tie
nduud dhaqnofu and duau lu fw
wht te pLophylasi
spuad duaz,
olae peone putte
 abilhy Cunutmtea
Thu include he
HHu e t o dutau to miumizemeaA lakeu akta
duar Chu lul auol tb sat an te Inab tu
Cua adicapped Diuase au bma
may a caus uab &l
tompni wuut/ Raudap) a
eelious duuese alatakon
auutenta Po mautnli, tan SouaR
o cendikeu aud
ptrut etoudutuos Socual, envumwena
aad mecdi cal mtacuees Canb ued

Rehabi& tatow
Relabi taltou aeually meant a
Combmalen auademdr paeruoual Nand thuapeui
anng hae ptovde te pesou maxtwuw
Poube ativt aud tapobi ko Not aithttandg
tu Cauu, dny Kardarappecl Quol unpueductaui peurn
Cau be made autue aud pieduiluiel-Ihaouge. t
weasu RehabiOatueu
Rehabitalion ineludes Lues ki phyiothnap , ouupalienal
Riuapy Spesed thauapy Oudieo pyehothua
Qnddutatioal aud vocatienal uddua et
eac p ohabiAtaktow Har Itu coo
Speue saðJieyoa
Medatad labi QtatuRe eataubltheuq ackvitë
ostusus NOS 3EAIb. bedy
Ocupatieual athaiGlateuu Re-estadishana Praeiona
capbritcr
SocaAaluabilitaten: Re-etoadishg peiliow peisen
gosg f to emauilj So
Mental Aehabi ltalie Re-extdluuhe seepect a
Confidence
 MopE O TRA\SA\SS1ON0 DISEASE

Mod diau tnt nMtcou tun

Dete uansMlenD
nduete tan

Aect ltan twaisou Durtt ox tmmmdia

oineetaous aquts f Suseptu blu Mot

molua tantnician Imfce uous 0gent

a t de the auman hoct oHtot Roo
pathogemiuk aud vuu knu tau cau tiestuo toe

Diut k a n s i esiem - t

CA) Cetact uansmrset pheal&ot,caoplet

B)TAansplaceuta tansI sCI
Inoculo tou tonsmreiem

Induet tranaot ssion tpe

2 Coromorn Saurce tansmLen -Vebrce omite,and
A bone aans orsALEn
ui) eetor toame ttansmrAu

A Contaue an msuio' (outact tranemtou lnludes

phyical Soil and lhoplee outace
t mlude Sexuc toutact, toucle ktscig
(DPhical_outaut
LOvteous cleu tevMtatt eli Can Cause ST1 Skin ,eye

dtscder et
 (n)Soiltoue ee tious agenis pRLsut in toil
Cauk hok wM Itehnut e t , when he
Can uorlh
twlh
ht ceme hin the contaet

Dxoplet cortact Dsoplet contactlsansmis9on oceur

hen ifeelious agent ontauned fn most
'n mest
pualy fecliens are speaked out , spiHed ex
Coughed e meezed n to envudnmet uually wrtsin-et
y d ermn to anolhe pertorn C eq Aespxaloay tfre
U78, memngtu el)

B TRANS PLACENTAL TRANS MISSION

Transmstiorp a tne iou agent ap
Ottu ans placentaly 1ORCH agent coe th 1bi
ategony L10- Tooplamagord' R-Rubela viut
C-C Homegalo vuus Hérper vus

CINOCULATORY TRANSMISION
Transmis1on e c o n Can deeur y
injedtions (syrungu ,needle a fec+ons o hepathi.
Eby oluict 'bi t on skin at abu tnlecto
ahto cdlog bite
Indueet Iransmi SIEN
1 COmmon SOurce
Irnnsmiskiòongeeiou agr
may be transmiHed through a toromon Soure. ltinclu
matnly vehicles homite ard hand
Vebicle Focl, wuater te, blocc and t tonomi
and olher bio lentat
prducts play hu ole o
yehrle ba tranimson O eckons
Common Vehrtles and dera tronmi Hed h he
OMe as ollaon
 Vehicle Diras
Food Cla and DIal homa, thole ra, pouo
milk products, soud mtestnal para rite
tord poisormg
vegeta ble uvk et) trave ller's olrarrbea
aHd wates
,
hephifut
Blood Hepote tis B. Molav, yp t
Fomiler are he
FoMI7ES
tRans mission .Tbese ae non
majos Soura
of irdarct
liwing materíaf ohrn mro
FRonst porthogente ormanlem Fornier tmcude uren,boks
sbiled clothes ad , utensils, s t a t o r a r y ma
Cautng
teia

tas,uniture phorertompulerr ,mobiles e

the eye eak skin tDheetions bepatti dauhea,
clysen'teuy eth
HAND: Un dean hands q the doeforr, nurie, pararedne
Sta and paliont a ee e the man fourc o
Faecal-eial ortiminaloo e
Ransmorrsew c l i o ó Can tcu
to peisen bansmston t e c t Cun
person
due to poo Sanitalon e
nastho harcd irkeutanal,tipecfo,
et. are tanta ted
Intes tinàt pasatiles , hepatutit
. phoid
hand: and finger
duty
borne ranamisnon
i) A atgud
Thu ith majo u r u hepitol nuclet.
Inyeton norocorolat ectton) The au Can Cany daoplet ben
esultmg hom eukposaled gluid
hTh are rall Rsrchue eced person dropetThe
dropleu coughed r
sneed by an
a long tume
.The
e

Susperded ti a f bor a d m y Survive

surYlve
nudei Can urvhve an may
cust
heome' the part
lacqe drepleer
et
on the furnkue clother
batdung
 t h ad deoplet and dust d seplet a p t
the oectton .The main a s Deelions A
ae tans Aed a io clule
inec tons measler ehicken pox monyAApRa
uenaay îBéte lex
Ci Vee tor bocne uansmtssion
Tranmisston etioeclous agernts by uagr
Es
an
Vetos
vey common phenomena Vectoindicate .

athopod ang livingmates,eohth caee

neetiras aget tany useoptihle: best Vealors
ncude i moqui löes Aocdents and hleas
Vec to bone Rans I I EN ma e tso tpes
meehanical t imcludes Stple mechantca0
casioge bya CaacuLung ex hing rseet rough
sol Lig o0in feet oxprobos by pa isaqe q
ganims thzouh tts gastro totes TiiaHaThe
no
n o need o mulu plica ttón ex dee lopm ef
he Rganis

Biologrcal Musplcatóneyci developmerd ou

a tombhattón o both is aequted behpae te
artmopod can ranmut the'tbfectve boam olbe
acent to man -antmretion may be by saliva
cduringbrtng) ex by agurgtatian e deposio o
Me in aeceh ottoematerial capåble of
penetra ng ubreguent tough an asa a taauma
om fuatth1ng ura
 NPTIONAL IMMUNi2MION SUHtpLE d th
imoge

Mevnor fvagents ov nfectuon

heeae se manOrihod hegeat whch
UNIT V
teme muusang
Vicetng tk eople at th hom aud
a m MuRsn takt

0BaFCTIVES
Protecton agant duas
Paouiding exenliat eatmut
PAoidbg Coafat and aluk om pain to tu patant
ving ppest and empethy to te palunt and ku aily
UsVing dohesti auipmentp he Mulng
haldng huth educalhen
polble to 1he nd
avins mucla Atspet as aeth
elus the fauh duing the þracedure
HEALTH NURSE IN HOMENURSIN
RoLE OF COMM UNITY
th austauw Thu Caua and
Runduing th hiutoy family
durahon i lmeu
PAeuidin teatmant and elated ta &n to auale he
Denen Ptatug thu mutrug Paetedute
semihy mabsg
he shandhg adn ant provrdhig
bilvila medrane pe
Setuattnt
he grave
Wnttal Muung ce tn
apetutting h nurtimg poaduve rvtded far
emekt
 ceua gong the mtunt -o sey case in cheonue hage
(at, ath tiu canea, diabeles
pa lnts ett) nd
geunnghow Mntal Aupport
Ppaudma
clhre
plans to cavrthu patunt to he hoptal
hnd than bnngg Aim ak
to hu home
DenRal ImstTclien omu muung
4 hue mung th
m
patunt t e heme e shocusd
nbes hat
flounu nugltng ats
bom Muumg to pAoude Muoug i Said, ft bicelue
ojelue
i to kep the
alunt. kLod egutte
and his OOm tn u
nde Qnd 4h thid nurng nurnng
hout Comeng obieetu to Aemove att -hoe
of Clean line whe can Cauce illneu a
det
t o in clde hu agech egenesa muytinq, In the
hem MurTing

ttehental td maka
-fari, independert tn-akng Case
inci bualth,so thi activtie should he
moni tored caual
s far
powble heme muming should rot
as
daily te and meina! acdrtr tu ahect tu
Thetu mutau shinglh mould be ef samily
enhaned
tn ho Mutng t u makam to tako case
thet potunt'
is age
finanuat Cerdtlien eduealuonalhmachy h'tuarmly
baekasovd etu
nCae ef chon fatalhdiyau ', dwetnomal u aaalioa! ard
t d b uud
Ouupndonal thtapy
shald be
maximu ut o l i n
I n Ahoe mutadg hu
0mi anilable in homu
o amily Aesoura
and
th part'upa len oHomihy in bomm ruing
thcdau
the cla K Secnons shoulel be prplarmd
heu non
oganidd x women men and
Shoutd b tpasateiey
Child&n houtd hae a thoouge
nurtng the nurd
FerFor hoe
Oth deagrou eltola Sourtu lelrri
Knowledqe and avgue teebnmu
tOur leeae Sudyeue
In hoe numn9 necetoany pag a Herien
to
emolonal apecr beeauu
Soual psychelogad! and
t h 'tsolatop taeatment and proeu af
they ofluonce
thtty
MunIng het
I om nuin9 heshautd follow
nusL

ftanrdae and code af Conduce

prolees tinat actual
t Shoutd membeed Thai D-6 line,
nursung Case guen tu moet ebhectwe and benefittng=
Hhan 1o-15 lome netmal2 meatuig
viut shoutd holladE
9I prinuples o ho
hom nuin
thnte