1

CHAPTER 1

Budgeting's Impact on HUMSS Student's studies

in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic
Introduction
Budget is generally a financial plan to control future operations. A budget helps create financial
stability. It is needed to operate efficiently and effectively. Budget also makes it easier to pay
bills on time and save money for some expenses such as tuition, pamasahe, pocket money etc.
Students on the other hand, learn how to save their allowance as they grow and meet different
requirements in school. as well as things they want to buy on their own. Students have their
personal needs. Through this study, we will know how and where they will spend their money.
Budgeting is not easy, especially nowadays with high inflation rates like fare increases that
affects everyone, mostly the students.

The price hike is a big blow that is making it difficult for the majority, we proposed this to have
self control and budgeting discipline so that they know what their needs and wants are, it's
especially important since pandemic has greatly affected the availability of large amounts of
money due to the increase in the price of goods and fare. We conduct this research to inform and
learn more about the correct budgeting or the daily expenses of the students, To have knowledge
of what their basic needs and wants are. and to also raise more awareness that the inflation that is
currently affecting us students, especially those who belong in a low income family and work
part time jobs is not a thing to scoff at. by this study we could potentially help not just our target
students, but also more people.

Background of the Study

Budgeting is important for our financial stability, ensuring you can pay common expenses. Most
of students only know how to spend their money on the thing they want, they do not know how
to save and budget it for their needs. According to the Education Data Initiative, the annual cost
of tuition for undergraduate students ranges from approximately $9,300 to $35,800. Tuition isn't
the only expenses to consider, though. Both modular and on the ground Senior high school
 2

students should be prepared to pay for tuition, books, transportation (pamasahe) and school
projects. However, Nick L. Aduana (2017 p. 308) people who succeeded in their personal lives
usually have a common denominator: they manage their finances well by effective planning.
Budgeting ensures you're not spending more than you're making, allowing you to plan for short
and long term expenses because many of us students make time for work and study in able to
survive everyday life or they needs. It's an easy helpful way for the people especially to students
with all types of income and expenses to keep their finances in order

Statement of the Problem

This study is conducted to determine the impact of budgeting among the HUMSS students of
Immaculate Conception Polytechnic Senior High School in relation to household income. This
includes budgeting and financial literacy of how this situation may affect their school learnings.

1. What are the demographic profiles for the respondents?

A. Age
B. Gender

2. What are the factors of how budgeting impacts the student’s learnings in Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic Senior High School, in terms of:

2.1 Household Income

2.2 Budgeting

2.3 Financial Literacy

3. How does the financial situation of students affect their academic performance

4. How can we help the financially struggling HUMSS Students to save money more
effectively and to better plan ahead of their schedules?
 3

Significance of the Study

This study aims to help humanities and Social Science Students to develop their financial
knowledge and skills. It will also enable them to understand the role of budgeting in the
management of public resources.

To Students- - The information presented will help the students figure out how to know the real
Budgeting's Impact on Humanities and Social Science Student's studies in Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic.

To Teachers- The findings of this research study will assist teachers in the perception

that not all of their students have the privilege of keeping up with new learning. Through

this study, the teacher will recognize the difficulty of the students and they will have a

better understanding of it.

To Parents- The head of the family, the provider, As the provider, they will acknowledge

the effects of Budgeting's Impact on Humanities and Social Science Student's studies in
Immaculate Conception Polytechnic.

To Future Researchers - The findings of this study can be used as a starting point for additional
research into the Impact on Humanities and Social Science Student's studies in Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic.

Scope and Delimitation

Our focus on this study is helping the Humanities and Social Science Department of Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic to budget and practice spending restraint. By doing so we're passively
enacting our main purpose, that is to budget money and plan ahead just in case a money shortage
presents it self. with this goal in mind, this will be really helpful specially the working students
and those students who belong in a low income family.
 4

As Stated Before, the main respondents of this study are the Humanities and Social Science
Department who are enrolled in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic. they can be described as
those who are less

fortunate on the financial aspect of their lives, those who have part time jobs, and over all
everyone on the school to help them save money. the more fortunate however, can be encouraged
as well to inquire about our study so that they wont depend on their riches purely. Our pinpointed
population would be around 90 (Ninety) respondents from different sections in the Humanities
and Social Science Department at Immaculate Conception Polytechnic. Targeting around 15
students from 8 different sections on the Humanities and Social Science Department. We
plan to scatter a survey and then determine the results based on the majority that will be
gathered during the data gathering period.

The primary source of the data will be the survey respondents who also completed the
questionnaire; secondary sources will include books, periodicals, articles, online journals, and
other references. The survey was conducted among students who are currently enrolled in the
school year 2022–2023. The participants for this activity will be a group of 15 senior high school
students enrolled in the Humanities and Social Sciences at Immaculate Conception Polytechnic.
The results of research show that a technique called simple random sampling is a process in
which every member of the population has an equal probability and potential to be chosen.This
sampling technique is also frequently referred to as a method of chance because the choice of
objects in this scenario is entirely determined by chance or probability.

To collect data, the researchers will use a closed questionnaire, and those who fill out the
questionnaire will be able to double-check each response as they provide it; thus, the survey
directions and how to complete the scale were broken down in great detail to make data
collection easier. Private Messages to the Researchers were used to make communication more
manageable, making data collection easier; additionally, the independent and dependent variables
 5

were measured with the help of these questionnaires; finally, the researchers collected the
completed questionnaires and used statistical methods to examine and make sense of the
information they had gathered. Furthermore, the researchers sought permission from the study
participants to conduct an investigation.. The researchers anticipate that the survey will be
conducted in only 6 days and that the respondents will be students currently enrolled at
Immaculate Conception Polytechnic in the current academic year. To ensure the survey's
dependability, a pilot study was conducted with students with credentials comparable to those of
the actual respondents
 6

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Budgeting over all is a good idea, especially if you are a working student and coming from a
low-income family. This doesn’t mean that if you aren’t from the aforementioned classes you
shouldn’t budget. According to study of in High School Learners, understanding financial
literacy among children is therefore of critical importance for policy-makers in several areas; it
can aid those who wish to plan effective financial education schemes targeted at young people as
well as those writing legislation to protect younger consumers (Sjam, 2015). Financial literacy
among students in the Philippines is a topic that is vaguely explored. Combined with inflation,
all prices have gone up and those who have no idea are left clueless on why their money is being
fled away by those necessities without them realizing. In this chapter, we aim to provide clarity
that having Spending Discipline and Financial Literacy is a vital skill that everyone should have
basic knowledge upon..

Relevant Theory

Conventional microeconomic models assume that individuals make rational decisions about
saving and spending so as to have optimal financial well-being over a lifetime. However, these
models assume that individuals have the financial knowledge and capability to do so, whereas
there is evidence relatively few people have this much financial knowledge. More recent
research has focused on the acquisition of financial knowledge and links between knowledge,
investment and saving behaviour. This implies that those microeconomic models only apply to
those who have sufficient financial knowledge. In that sense, we will be putting more people into
that threshold so that they can benefit off of that microeconomic model. So we are saying that
 7

having financial literacy equates to using a conventional microeconomic model which in turn
helps you in your budgeting and spending on the long run.

Related Literature
Local

As stated by Inocian R.B. (2021), the study ascertained the values of saving and spending in the
Social Studies K to 12 Curricula across grade levels in the Philippines that will serve as basis for
a contextualized COVID-19 Teaching Model. It sought to: evaluate the thematic integration of
production, distribution, and consumption in the curriculum guides (CGs); ) describe the
integration of the value of saving and spending in the CGs and how potential it is to promote
financial literacy; design an innovative framework that facilitates the efficient integration of
financial literacy in a contextualized COVID-19 Teaching Model. The study used a quantitative
method using descriptive design. With the use of the K to 12 Curriculum Guide (Grades 1 to 12
Social Studies) from DepEd, documentary content analysis was employed in order to see the
ambiguities in the curriculum, especially on the integration of financial literacy as primary lenses
in the study. The thematic integration of production, distribution, and consumption in the K to 12
social studies curricula is a part of a seamless design in a spiral progression model.

Based by (Galulu, et al., 2017). Allowance is money earned or given to a child at regular
intervals to teach the child how to manage money. As they go towards higher level of education,
particularly in senior high school, every student encounters one of the challenging part of their
life is to manage their allowances wisely.Many of them are getting tough times to manage or
budget their moneys given by their respective parents or guardians because being a senior high
student have a similarities of being a college student. As money serves now as a necessity to
every student, it is a need to put in their minds that they need to be financially responsible. A
kind of responsibility where an individual will be able to save and budget his or her money and
spend the money for important purposes.But the big dilemma is that how will they do it. It is
believed that one of the hardest part of budgeting the allowance of a senior high student is the
isolation of their wants from their needs.A number of students mistakenly categorize their wants
 8

as a part of their “needs” because they cannot perceive what their life is without it. But in the
end, many of their needs are literally wants.

According to the Philippine economy, the economy continues to grow by at least 6% since 2010,
and this is considered as one of the fastest growing economies in the region. (Philippines:
Economy, 2017). Being a growth economy, Filipinos are seen to have more financial power. This
financial power needs to be complemented by financial literacy. Nowadays, Millennials are
shaping the preferences for technology, real estate and appliances influencing the largest markets
in the world. Since they will be the “working” generation soon and will be part of the economy,
this study would like to determine current financial practices of Generation Z, those who were
born between 1991 and 2002. (Euromonitor, 2011) In addition, they also carry a high lifetime
value. They read reviews, provide ratings and have a strong understanding of value. Asia has the
largest total of Millennials, representing more than 45 percent of the region’s population. Their
perspective when it comes to consumption is sustainability. To them, green is good thus they
reuse retro durables and resurrect them in the name of nostalgia and fashion.

A study examining the proportional relationship between online learning and its effects on the
learning community found that students and teachers tend to have increased stress levels, which
prohibits them from functioning correctly. This entails that the mode of learning has a
correlational relationship with the stress intensity within educational systems (Silinda &
Brubacher, 2016) In a comprehensive study done here in the Philippines, "stress" and "mental
state" showed themselves to be one of the factors influencing the overall preparedness of
students and faculties to integrate with online learning for the new normal (Calao & Yazon,
2020).
 9

“An allowance is not an entitlement or a salary. It is a tool for teaching children how to manage
money.” (Godfrey, 2013) Usually the allowance of a student is given every Mondays for every
week; sometimes an allowance is given per month or given every day. An allowance is an
amount given for daily spenditures of teenagers at school to buy their needs and wants. Good
money management skills are the process of spending, saving and investing the cash of each
student.

Foreign

According to, Binobo Keith (2019) Students learning to manage their money is a significant
process during their maturing stage. The practical skill of budgeting has become essential among
human beings to maintain and improve one's place in society. One of the reasons why students
waste their money is because they do not have the correct priorities in mind. It is an expense
many college students choose not to forego. The ability of budgeting reflects the spending and
saving habits of a person. Where and on what they spend also says a lot about the identity of an
individual. In the US, it is noted that each year, college students pay about $5.5 billion on
alcohol, mostly beer. The spending and saving habits of a person also mirror how financially
literate he or she is. This research hypothesizes that there is a significant relationship between
financial literacy and financial behavior of students.

In an international study conducted by J.D Jayaraman et al, That in India, They found low levels
of performance on standard measures of financial literacy. It is stated on their abstract that The
percentage correct score on the basic financial literacy questions was 45% and on the
sophisticated financial literacy questions the score was 44%. Financial literacy levels in India
were found to be lower than those in developed countries. Gender differences were found, with
females outperforming males, contrary to findings in developed countries. Students who pursued
the commerce/economics stream of education were found to have higher levels of financial
literacy than students pursuing the science stream. (J.D Jayaraman) Based on this abstract alone,
we are here to counteract this phenomenon provided the data on our country and theirs are close
 10

to each other.

In an abstract by Jing Jian Xiao et. al. titled Financial Capability of student loan holders who are
college students, graduates, or dropouts states that Effective consumer financial education
provides relevant information to meet special needs of targeted audiences. It is shown that
student loan holders in the United States of America who have completed their education
program have higher scores in all financial capability indicators. This means one thing only,
those who have faced financial pressure have better handling capabilities than those who do not.
Those who are aware of their financial situations are put into consideration. Including those who
have part time jobs. By our research we aim to provide aid by gathering statistical data to show
them that they are not battling a war alone.

According to, Brenda J. Cude et al, they focused on college student’s overall financial
management practices using quantitative and qualitative data from a multi-state research project.
Specifically, the study investigates how college students acquire financial knowledge and
behaviors and the factors that place some students at greater financial risk than others. The
findings show that parents play a key role in their children’s financial socialization. The results
provide important insight into financial education opportunities for students, parents, campus
administrators, and financial professionals and educators. Paired with this, our research potential
is increased by magnitudes above our originally planned goals. There is so much potential in
each adding article further proving the point that there’s an unspoken conundrum related to
finances in college students.

One of the adverse effects during a COVID-19 pandemic is people’s containment in their
respective homes due to lockdowns and quarantine measures. Aside from being worried about
their health conditions, this pandemic affects their economic way of life. They lose their jobs and
 11

end up with no income. This infringement of their economic right worsens when left with no
enough savings before the occurrence of a pandemic or by the time they badly need this the
most. (Balaza et al, 2020)

Independent and Dependent Variables

Independent Variables
● Coming from a Low-Income Family
● Having a Part-Time Job as a Student
● Having Bad Spending Habits or Impulse Buying

These are the leading Independent Variables on our research, as defined above, the
researchers target students that have one or more of the aforementioned traits. Seek to help
them as having those traits have some crippling effects and can affect their budgeting
behavior and their over all academic performance. If left experimentally untreated, these
might lead into unseen or unmentioned results other than poor performance, absenteeism, and
little to no motivation to study.

Dependent Variables
These are the effects when students possess one of the mentioned Traits. These effects may

May vary from intensity as everyone doesn’t have the same situation.

● Having little to no allowance urges and implies the affected to work Part-Time Jobs
● Having little to no rest or free time as time is divided into Work/Study
● Being caught off guard when budget runs low unknowingly and being surprised when
money is needed the most.

Related Studies

Based by, (Avelanna et al, 2018)Many people have different ways of how they spend their
money; it can be spent on important things, essential things that we need, especially now that we
 12

are in a pandemic situation, on unnecessary things that we find cute or attractive, for collection,
and many more reasons to spend it more often that may lead to people’s spending habits.
Spending habits are the behavior pattern that is followed regularly that is almost involuntary. It is
a habit of spending money whenever you have money and every moment you get paid. It is a
habit that many people didn’t realize or noticed to their selves.

As stated by Florecilla, C. (2019), in today’s financially challenged economy, billions of people

are becoming unprepared to deal with the rapid changes in the financial landscape (Klapper,
Lusardi, & Oudheusden, 2015). The quest for sound financial health requires skills necessary to
efficiently and effectively manage money. As the younger generation opted to study in tertiary
education which requires higher financial needs, they carry and make severe economic dilemma.
The experiences of this generation in making a complex personal financial decision is considered
as critically important to increase their financial literacy and to uplift them to a positive path
towards financial security.

According to a study of Faunillan et.al. (2021) financial literacy is essential in attaining financial
independence. It empowers those who possess it to navigate the financial market networks and
make sound financial decisions. Someone planning to go into business should be financially
literate or fail. Financial literacy denotes an effective use of financial skills, such as budgeting,
saving, and investing. In addition, financial literacy is the path towards sustainability as it arms
the person to manage finances capably. Additionally, found the relevance of financial literacy in
saving behavior and the economic well-being among French households. They maintained that
governments and financial institutions should sponsor a national financial education program for
all French families. All of the studies we have found as a team made it more clear that this
problem isn’t just happening on our country, a third-world country. A problem we might
encounter as years go by is the rapidly changing economic growth as there is a tendency that
what we will study as
 13

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. The Conceptual Model of the Study

This study examines the connection between the spending patterns of low-wage, part-time
workers. The purpose of this study is to identify the variables that affect the spending patterns of
low-income, part-timers. The major goal of this study is to pinpoint the variables that affect
Humanities and Social Science students at Immaculate Concepcion Polytechnic so that
researcher can offer them financial management guidance and assist them in better their financial
status. It will also offer some helpful advice for both individuals who are and are not in
comparable circumstances.
 14

We plan to gather data from Humanities and Social Science students in ICP to determine who
is qualified to be called part of the aforementioned variables. Once enough data has been
gathered, we will ask the higher ups to permit us to spread advertisements throughout the whole
campus, so that we can urge the students in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic to enact
spending restraint and discipline thus, they can budget their money more effectively and only
spend to important matters.
 15

Hypotheses

The hypotheses formulated in this study are :

1. There is no significant difference between Students who come from Low-Income

Families and Students with Part-Time jobs, because a factor of seeking a part-time job is to
come from a low-income family.

2. There is a significant relationship with students with Bad Spending Habits from
Low-Income Families and Students with Part-Time Jobs because Students who have bad
spending habits cant come from a low-income family, because in order to have bad spending
habits, you need to have poor budget management. If a student doesn’t have enough money to
spend then instead he will be urged to save money.

Assumptions

1. The researchers assume that the students who see the advertisements we put up to
bear the constant reminder to budget over a lifetime.

Definition of terms

Inflation - the rate of increase in prices over a given period of time

Conventional Microeconomics - Dictates the demand curves of have negative slopes,

demonstrating that as wages rise, less labor is demanded by firms in any given market.
 16

Integration - the act of bringing together smaller components into a single system that functions
as one.

Financial Literacy - the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills,
including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing.

Economy - a system of inter-related production and consumption activities that ultimately

determine the allocation of resources within a group.

Microeconomics - the study of what is likely to happen (tendencies) when individuals make
choices in response to changes in incentives, prices, resources, and/or methods of production.

Efficient Integration - considering multiple factors for a more balanced view.

Economic Dilemma - the problem of how to make the best use of limited, or scarce, resources.

Financial Security- having enough money to cover your expenses, emergencies, and
retirement.
 17

Budgeting's Impact on HUMSS Student's studies in

Immaculate Conception Polytechnic

Section : Humss 12- 9 St. Titus

Leader : Tablac, Gio Andrei
Ass. Leader : Campolio, Rona Elaiza

Members :
Fajardo, Andrew
Enobay, Brian
Dela Cruz, Cristine
Jose, Kristina
Quirit, Marcelah
 18

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The researchers will discuss here how to gather the data and what to do with the data.
As data-gatherers do, we will use surveys to gather the needed data and determine the results
based on the majority of the respondents answers. stated that the population of the study is
Ninety (90) Grade 11 and 12 Humanities and Social Sciences Students in Immaculate
Conception Polytechnic.To gather the needed data, we will use survey-questionnaires that will be
sheltered with complete anonymity to protect the respondent's identity as the researchers will be
handling extremely confidential data.

after making a survey-questionnaire, we will then ask the approval of our Research Teacher

Ma’am Christine Angeles, and the Head of the HUMSS Strand, Sir Aldrin Sequitin. after which,

we will analyze the Google forms automated data analysis and encoder graph provided

immediately upon completion of the survey.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

The researchers have used a sampling method called “Simple Random sampling”. in which each

sample has an equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be an

unbiased representation of the total population. Meaning that on each member of the following

population groups, each one of them has an equal chance of being chosen.
 19

Low-Income Family

Part-Timer

(Optional) Students with Bad Spending Habits.

Population of the Study

As part of this study, There are ninety (90) Humanities and Social Sciences student population

covered in the study. The overall sample size are ten (10) students from the HUMSS department

in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic at Sta. Maria Bulacan. The researchers will also

carefully examine all prior written work and studies in the subject that are relevant. That is

necessary to analyze and cite a range of sources for this inquiry. These sources include, but are

not restricted to: printed books, theses, published dissertations, and online journals.

The time required to contact each student individually would have been prohibitive, and

non-responders would have had limited access to the process. Therefore, we will ask for

permission from the strand head of HUMSS department, Sir Aldrin Sequitin, so that every

HUMSS student covered by our research will participate in our survey a simple sampling method

will be used to collect data from different strategies. The sample population that we gathered as

researchers, Will be able to create impartial and a decent reflection of the entire community that

the researchers are studying.

Research Instrument
 20

The researcher conducted a consent forms were they indicate all the information about

the procedures of the study, the benefits and risk of participating and the goal of the study was

also specified on the consent form. The survey form used in gathering data included the profile

of the respondents and it also consisted of the variables and the following questions related to

the research topic. The following questions were asked of respondents, along with factors. In line

with the study's subject. The researchers applied a simple questionnaire determining whether that

there’s a problem in budgeting habits or not to gauge respondents’ response by asking the extent

to which they rate to the particular question or statement.

The researchers used the following Likert scale to interpret scores based on the ratings of the

following data:

Numerical Rating Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

4 4.51 – 5.00 Yes

3 3.51 – 4.50 Sometimes

2 2.51 – 3.50 No

1 1.51 – 2.50 Never

The researchers used a questionnaire that will be drawn out from previous studies and research

for it is proven to be much more effective on the type of research we are having. The researchers

also used this method of data gathering because of the ease of access and intuitive display from

google forms.
 21

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers held a meeting for the data collection that will be conducted among the Grade

12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students. All of them will be the respondents. A

letter will be sent to Mr. Aldrin Sequitin to ask permission in conducting the research study. If

the letter is approved, the researchers with the data collection on December (2022). They used

Google form Questionnaire in collecting data. The survey form used in gathering data included

the profile of the respondents and it is also consisted of variables and following questions related

to the research topic.

When done, the Google form will be automatically submitted to the researchers who is going to

review and also check if the following questions in survey form was reliable and correct. The

researchers then proceed to determine and analyze the data that the students of the humanities

and social sciences strand have given to us. After that, the researchers input the data in their

Research paper.

After pinpointing the answers that came from the HUMSS Students, we then examine the data

and then compile them in one paper to present the problem that is at hand. The encoded data will

then be used to further support the study of the researchers. It will be written in percentage form

and some few examples will be presented along the research paper.

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

The survey questionaires were given out to respondents as part of the data collection process.

Students were given permission to complete the survey and ample time to analyze and complete

it.
 22

The researchers assure to gathered data from the respondents and will guarantee that the

respondents will answer the questioners impartially. Upon collecting the data the researchers will

look into the following information through the use of statical tools. When the result is acquired,

the researchers will next examine the crucial distinction in order to come up with the conclusion

and recommendations.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The data gathered will then be automatically analyzed and be putted in graph form by

google forms, which the researches will observe and analyze to determine the outcomes

of the survey conducted. By this, the researchers can easily tell what is the results of the

survey and will save the researchers time for writing and analyzing the data.
 23

Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

It is mandatory for the researchers to gather data in order to present them, they scattered

numerous google forms links to different sections in Immaculate Conception Polytechnic’s

Humanities and social sciences strand department. the total sample size is 90 (ninety) students

from different sections, although the sections of the students mean little, the overall results that

was presented to the researchers were enough to satiate their target respondent number and over

all population. (Humanities and social science students)

All of the presented questions are part of the aforementioned problems in the first chapter of this

research paper. which are Low Income Families, Bad Spending Habits, Part Timing (Working a

Part-Time Job).

There are Ten (10) Different charts that will be presented as part of the interpretation,

presentation, and analyzing of the gathered data. All of which correspond to a question that

mentions a problem that needs to be solved.

But first, let’s take a look at the demographics of the respondents at the table presented below.
 24

Table 1 Age of the respondents.

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

16-17 Years old 43 46.5% 2

18-19 Years old 44 47.8% 1

20-21 Years old 4 4.4% 3

22-23 Years old 1 1.1% 4

Total 92 99.8%

The majority of the respondents age demographics seems to be around 16-19 years old with the

combined percentage values of 94.3% being the 18-19 years old the 1st of the ranking system and

the 16-17 years old the 2nd.

Table 2 The Gender Demographic of the respondents.

Gender Frequency Percentage Rank

Male 47 51.1 1

Female 42 45.7 2

Others 3 3.3 3

Total 92 100.1
 25

The Majority of the respondents’ gender is the male gender, second to the female gender, who is

third to the other genders which are not specified.

SOP Related Questions: Bad Spending Habits

Questions Yes No Sometimes Never

As a student, do you consider 95.7% 4.3%

budgeting an essential skill?

Would you be willing to 80.4 19.6

ask for help with

budgeting if you find out

you are not good at it? 

Do you know how much 62% 28%

money you have to spend

each week/month?

Have you got stuck outside 20.7 40.2 32.6 6.5

and cant go home because

you cant afford the fare?

 26

Do you put a little bit of 75% 25%

money aside regularly in

case of emergencies in the

future? 

Can you evaluate your 65.2 34.8

budgeting skills? if so, can

you tell that you are good

at budgeting?

According to Contante, E. R., Toscano, E. M. G., Domingo, E. R., Almeniana, E. B., Rose, M. J.

B., & Tamon, C. J. S. (2019). The academic performance of the students is very important to

both teachers and students as this reflects the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process.

However, effective allowance budgeting which falls outside the corners of the normal

teaching-learning process is deemed significant for the students because this will benefit them

not only for sustaining their everyday needs in school but also for helping them be more prepared

in the proper handling of finances. This may somehow affect their academic strategy in

becoming academically excellent. That is why it is very important that students are

knowledgeable enough about effective allowance budgeting because it can positively affect their

academic performance. A learner-driven seminar or workshop and guidelines must be

implemented to train the students to be the best and be linked to success with the help of

allowance budgeting. The researchers first two questions indicate a positive result on the

respondents outlook on the term budgeting, as for one, the respondents consider budgeting

important, two, the respondents are willing to be helped if ever that they need help about
 27

budgeting. According to the researchers charts, 95.7% of the respondents consider budgeting

important which is almost all of the respondents, 80.4% of the students agreed that they would

ask for help with budgeting if they are not good at it. However, 19.6% disagreed that it is not

necessary to ask for help even though they are not good at budgeting. According to Roestel

(2016),  concluded that active collaboration and budget tutorials could potentially lead to other

unexpected results that will help to promote an accurate budget process. Deloso, et.al (2019),

budgeting strategies (school expenses) help the students decide whether to print their documents

or to write them, also they think to use recyclable materials to make school projects. (Savings)

help the students save their excess money and think about their priority rather than their wants as

well as (other expenses/wants) help the students buy their wants with the use of their savings. In

a study conducted by Diana Cuy Castellanos and Jeanne Holcomb The New Vital Signs Food

Label Instruments and the USDA were used to gauge food security and nutrition literacy.

Participants ranked nine items in order of highest to lowest priority in order to gauge their

financial priorities. 35.8% of the 560 college students that were surveyed were classified as food

insecure. . Students with poor budgeting skills who prioritize spending on alcohol or tuition are

more likely to be food insecure. (Journal of American college health 68 (1), 16-20, 2020), 65.2%

consider themselves good in budgeting, this is further proven by the question in which the

responders were asked if they got stuck outside, the responders answered with a low 20.7%

“yes” answers. 62% of the students concurred that they are unsure of their weekly or monthly

spending plans. Bona, et.al (2018), concluded that there are some factors affecting the spending

behavior of students wherein Sing, et.al (2020), deduced that dining out is their most

unavoidable expense, followed by movies. Nonetheless, 38% of the students are aware of their

weekly or monthly spending plans. Jeevithiva and Priya (2019), discovered that the majority of
 28

pupils had savings and understood the value of doing so. Students frequently like saving bank

accounts as their method of choice. Students set aside money for unexpected expenses.

According to a study on students' purchasing habits, they spend more money on transportation

and education.

SOP Related Questions: Low Income Family

Is your family part of the 14.1 85.9

4P’s Beneficiary program?

Do you find yourself in 58.7 34.8 6.5 0

situations where you

cannot buy something

because of the lack of

money?

Have you ever been in a 60.9% 15.2% 21.7% 2%

situation where you have

to buy something cheaper

to eat because of your

financial situation?

A large percentage of the Philippine population has been affected by poverty for many years
 29

now (Reyes et al., 2014). As such, the government with an aim to at least minimize poverty

prevalence has introduced various social programs and policies. However, because most are

attached to single-focus solutions, they have proven to be ineffective and not sustainable (Son

and Florentino, 2008). Not until year 2008 when Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps),

one of the most popular social measures adopted by the country was implemented

(Dungog-Cuizon and Cuizon, 2016). In the researchers' chart, it appears that in a total sample

size of 90 respondents, 85.9% of which is not in the 4Ps beneficiary program, while a low

amount of 14.1% does benefit from the 4Ps beneficiary program, this is an expected result

considering that this study is conducted in a private institution. the researchers considered this

question as an act of counting factors if a student is a part of the 4P's beneficiary program.

Poor access to enough nutritious food is a major and highly visible issue in low-income countries

but relative deprivation exists in high-income countries such as USA, Canada, the UK, New

Zealand and Australia, where limited access to food as a consequence of economic resources is

well described (Nord, Andrews and Carlson Parnell, Reid and Wilson). However, while there are

studies in both representative samples and high-risk populations of food access limited by

economic resources (Quine and Morrell), there has been limited research examining physical

constraints to food access, although these additional factors have been hypothesized to restrict to

access and impact on food intake particularly in the elderly (Wolfe, Frongillo and Valois).

Previous research, reviewed by White (Reference White), highlighted the role of car access in

the choice of food outlets. The role of car access and disability has been indicated in both
 30

qualitative (Wolfe, Olson and Kendall Lee, Frongillo and Olson) and quantitative studies of

hunger and food insecurity in the elderly. the researcher's charts display a big margin of students

who has to adjust to their current financial situation about what they consume and what they buy,

the charts state that the combined answers of "yes" and "sometimes" make up a good amount of

respondents answers that could be understood as the respondents often adjust to their financial

situation when it comes to buying what the respondents want and need, but due to their financial

limitations, they do not often meet that demand upon themselves. taking into account that this

research paper does not cover other miscellaneous things to buy those demands.

SOP Related Question : Part Timing

Have you ever tried 41.3% 58.7%

working a part time job

as means to supply your

needs?

To help support their studies, many students in the Philippines choose part-time jobs. They are

hired as caregivers and household help primarily by their relatives and teachers. In exchange,

they send them to school and provide financial support.

Though they are not required to work for long periods, work pressure may affect their school

activities, particularly in subjects that most students consider complicated, such as mathematics.

As a result of not having enough time to focus on their studies, their math performance may be

compromised. If they can manage their work and study time; as a result, they may achieve their

goals due to their ability to manage a hectic schedule. The competitive environment in which we
 31

all live today encourages people to plan and manage time effectively Mohamed, Hamal

&Mohamed 2016 [24].In this context, the researchers were encouraged to undertake the study to

assess the connection between time management, self-efficacy, and mathematics performance of

the high school students working part-time. (D. Peteros 2021)

The researchers charts indicate that almost half of the respondents that answered the

questionnaire worked a part time job to supply their needs, which in turn may or may not affect

their performance in school as working a part time job interferes with their academic

performance.

Discussion

Overall, the survey that the researchers conducted turned out to reveal an influx of data regarding

student’s spending habits. Most likely that the responders do not know what to prioritize when it

comes to purchasing things and the responders often prioritize what is in front of them when

buying objects that the responders do not really need. Based on the data gathered, the responders

has a sense of how skilled their budgeting skills are, but the responders don’t really know how to

execute their skills properly. The responders say that they know how much they spend each week

and that the responders save up incase of future endeavors. Some of which prefer to be helped.

The small percentage of the part timers who answered the survey show a sense of eagerness to

survive. There is also a small amount of responders whose families are part of the 4Ps

beneficiary program, the researchers believe that all of the respondents will be helped through

this paper.
 32

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Approaching the end of the research paper, here lies the final findings and recommendations on

which the researchers will suggest to the panelists according to the main problems that needed to

be solved and with their solutions. some may be generalized but is thought of enough to maintain

a degree of lasting effect considering the recommendations go through. The researchers

summarizes once again the independent variables and what the research questions yielded.

Summary of the Findings

The Researchers gathered and yielded the expected results of which the respondents display a sense of

budgeting. Although the responders do not know how to manage their abilities to budget and execute

them. The researchers were able to determine the students who came from low-income families and those

who work part-time jobs to sustain themselves

 33

1. Low-Income Families: they make up 57% of the responders, the researchers came up with

this number by combining the number form of the responders who came from the 4Ps families

and those who work part-time jobs.

2. Students with bad spending habits: the other indicators imply that this matter seems to be

positive, with all the results displaying promising denotations. All but one display a positive

result, which is the ones that got stuck outside because of lack of money.

3. Student Part Timers: 41% of the responders are working or at least worked a part time job as

means to supply their needs, this students emit a sense of despair as to which they have to do

multiple things in order for their lives to not go awry. The researchers conclude that this act

affect their studies as they cannot concentrate on which.

Conclusions

The researchers concluded the following based on the data yielded by the google forms survey.

With the findings proving to be mostly positive, there are some downsides on the respondent’s

side. On which the researchers conclude that :

1. The students are aware of how they budget their money, but the students do not know

how to execute it properly.

2. There is a massive amount of student part-timers who work in order to supply their needs.

The researchers are concerned as the respondents who are part of the student part-timers are

losing focus due to their responsibility to work as means to survive and go to school

3. There are students who are going for cheaper alternatives for meals as the students cannot keep

up with the overwhelming prices of today’s standards.

 34

4. A small part of the respondents are part of the 4P’s beneficiary program, theoretically the

respondents who are part of the said program might be part of the students who are working part-time

jobs.

Recommendations

Based on the aforementioned findings of the research, the following are recommended by

the researchers:

To Students

The researchers recommend that the students practice spending restraint by constantly checking

on their budget for the day and the researchers also recommend that the student plan ahead based

on their total allowance for the week.

To Teachers

The researchers recommend that the teachers put extra patience on the students who exhibit odd and

eccentric behavior as the teachers on act often does not know what or how the said students are going on

in their daily lives, the teachers also recommend that they remind them on their way home to check their

money and to ask you if they get into trouble on their way home due to financial struggles.

To Parents

The researchers recommend that the parents give their sons/daughters enough financial

allowance to last them for the month, and that to follow what the researchers recommend to their

sons/daughters. The researchers also advice that the parents give extra allowances for their

sons/daughters to

To Future Researchers
 35

The researchers recommend that the future researchers use this as a baseline to study further into

what causes bad spending habits among students Immaculate Conception Polytechnic and that to

further reference this research paper to other related research causes.