< FACULTY: EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (EASS) >

< SEMESTER / YEAR: SEPTEMBER 2021>

      < COURSE CODE: HBET1403>

<COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE

TEACHING>

MATRICULATION NO : <950820105844001>
IDENTITY CARD NO. :           <950820-10-5844>
TELEPHONE NO.          :            <010-2292095>
E-MAIL                          :      <kaniska0620@oum.edu.my>
LEARNING CENTRE :    < BANGI LEARNING CENTRE >

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO. TITLE PAGE

1.0 Introduction 3

2.0 Will the current shift toward heavy dependence on technology

in education affect our language, our society, and our education?
2.1 Language 4-5
2.2 Society 6-7
2.3 Education 8-9
3.0 What do you think these changes will be? Provide or predict five changes. 10-13

4.0 Will the changes have a positive or a negative effect on Malaysians in

general, on Malaysian youths who are still in the education system specifically?
4.1 Language 13
4.2 Society 14
4.3 Education 15
5.0 Conclusion 16
6.0 Reference 17
7.0 Illustrations 18

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1.0 Introduction

Language is one of the tools that has changed and revolutionised throughout humanity's
civilization as a result of political and cultural progressions (transformation). Language, as a
technical, social, and cultural instrument, plays a unique role in the acquisition of cultural
information this social phenomenon also plays a key role in socialisation and assimilation.
Conversely, language can help a society's ethnic and cultural distinctiveness evolve over time
and distinguish itself from an animal structure. Language acts as an intermediary in
anthropology, transmitting culture facts from one peer group to the subsequent and this
cultural method tool has a significant impact on human maturation and cognitive cultural
expansion. In a nutshell, it's human fitting together this correlation on a small level involves
figurative and social activities that are passed down midst various ethnicities in each
community. According to ancient boards, novel and uncontaminated language constantly
pertain to the previous times, and any modifications in its edifice reflect confusion and chaos
in that language, destroying and collapsing our forebear's language. The primary whys and
wherefores for linguistic change include the entry of industrial and cultural phenomena,
political, economic, and cultural interactions of persons who have been educated out of the
country, geographical factors (having a reciprocated margin), taboos, and military conflicts.
These changes are planned, rather than haphazard and sporadic. Language individuality, and
possibly human identity, is shaped by methodical fruition. Language fluctuations are not
necessarily the result of extrinsic factors language has an ordinary motion and vicissitudes in
response to society's requirements. This progression is far too plodding and sluggish.
However, quick assault of foreign languages as a result of growing political supremacy and
infiltration on one hand, and rapid deviations in societal requirements on the other, stimulate
the language evolution process throughout a certain period of antiquity. However, the major
goal for the introduction of foreign terminology, which is one of the most significant
elements in language changes, is the advancement of technology in the globe, which is
generating methodical and technological instruments at an infinite rate. As these devices and
gadgets make their way into further nations, they take on their industrial identities and
become recognizable by them.

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2.0 Will the current shift toward heavy dependence on technology in education affect
our language, our society, and our education?

2.1 Language
The importance of using technology in language acquisition at a young age is rapidly
growing in popularity. Young students require incentive, and they might quickly mislay
focus over a lengthy language learning progression. When utilised appropriately and
efficiently, technology may be one of the methods to create a genuine and engaging
environment for young language learners. When young language learners interrelate
effectively with technology outside of the classroom, they can improve their language
abilities. Countless studies indicate that utilising technology in various social and cultural
situations may help students enhance their language and cultural literacy, and that
intercultural dialogue can help students learn languages quicker. Students have this
opportunity thanks to technology, which provides them with limitless resources. The major
goal of this study is to look at the opinions of school teachers and students on the usage of
technology throughout the language learning process. According to Gee (1996), a
sociocognitive method allows language students to participate in a natural social setting.
Through real assignments and project-based study, the internet may afford a sociocognitive
methodology. Online games may help you learn new words and increase your vocabulary
while also providing essential linguistic feedback. (2002, Pensky) Scott and Ytreberg (1990)
describe child According to Gee (1996), a sociocognitive method allows language students
to participate in a natural social setting. Through real assignments and project-based study,
the internet may provide a sociocognitive methodology. Online games may help you learn
new words and increase your vocabulary while also providing essential linguistic feedback.
(2002, Pensky) Scott and Ytreberg (1990) describe child development by stating that young
students like interacting with language through games, rhymes, songs, and stories, and that
the Internet is one of the best venues to do so. progress by stating that young students like
interacting with language through games, rhymes, songs, and stories, and that the Internet is
one of the best venues to do so. According to Clements and Sarama (2003), appropriate
technology resources can benefit pupils. Computer-based language exercises, according to
Harmer (2007), promote blended learning. Student's computers are excellent companions in
today's civilization. They can inspire kids and provide an ordinary setting for them.

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According to Tomlison (2009), computer-based activities offer language students with quick
access to information and high-quality resources. He also shows how information and
communication technology and various online resources inspire students to study further.

Technology, in the view of the teacher candidates, has a positive influence on children's
language comprehension when used appropriately. Language students are aware of this
beneficial impact and think that the instructor is the most essential module in this infinite
world. It goes without saying that technology exposes children to the real world. These
teacher candidates' opinions demonstrate that technology is inescapable in today's world. It
not only teaches a new language but also assists pupils in learning new cultural items. As a
consequence, technology may aid pupils be inspired and engaged. Despite teachers believe
that technology is extremely useful for students, students do not share this belief. They enjoy
using technology in their daily lives, but they want to experience a true language learning
environment in the classroom. They desire to interact with their teachers and enjoy language
activities. They just want to utilise technology to do their chores and assignments outside of
the classroom.

To summarise, it is proposed that teachers of student’s usage technology in their classes to

enhance their students' language responsiveness. However, teachers should exercise caution
when using technology both inside and outside the classroom, and they should organise
activities conferring to the student's age, language level, desires, and necessitates.
Furthermore, beyond the lesson session, language teachers should direct young learners and
their parents to appropriate resources. Teachers should also plan task-based activities for
their pupils and organize assigned task.

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2.2 Society
World has transformed dramatically in the last three decades as the computer industry and
internet networks have developed besides worldwide communication has reached new
heights. With these advancements, vast possibilities for imparting learning in a further
productive and participatory manner have surfaced. Multimedia technology and internet
networks have transformed the entire idea of learning and remote learning, allowing for
closer connection between teachers and students as well as higher-quality learning materials
than previously available exclusively through printed media. As previously said, it has
progressed so far as to construct a virtual classroom with professors and students from all
around the globe.

Public communication has plummeted as a result of these situations. As possibilities to meet

in person dwindled, new-fangled problems developed in staying socially engaged. Industry
estimates revealed that online media usage skyrocketed during the initial months of the
epidemic, as individuals spent more time at home owing to coronavirus lockdowns. Such
rises were notably noticeable for social networking and messaging applications, but the
exceptional acceptance of video conferencing apps and programmes was predominantly
noteworthy. As the computer software's grasp pervades practically everything we do,
whether purchasing groceries online to meeting a spouse on a dating website, online
technologies are reorganizing customer, worker, and employer interactions. We should
contemplate hard about how to create rules that will empower us to copiously utilise the
advantages of the digital upheaval whereas limiting job displacement as computer power
advances substantially and more society across the world engage in the digital economy.

Alternative aspect where technology has had an influence on society is communication, or

how people converse and connect with one another throughout the world. Numerous
additional forms of electronic communication have emerged as a result of technological
advancements. As instance, there are emails, social networking, the ability to facetime
someone on the other adjacent of the continent, and video conferencing, which allows
people to hold virtual meetings. Eventually, technical improvements in the health profession
have aided in keeping people safe and healthy. There are several innovative phone

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applications that allow consumers to keep track of their weight, calorie consumption, heart
rate, and perhaps other health metrics at any moment of day.
On the other hand, technological advancement invariably leads to a dependency on
technology. The construction of critical infrastructure does, in fact, assure reliance on that
technology. The society will undoubtedly be dependent on the burgeoning information
infrastructure, just as it is presently on its transportation, telephone, and other networks.
Having too much reliance on technology may be dangerous. Societal functioning can be
harmed by disruptions in the information system. Long-distance phone service, credit data
systems, electronic money transfer mechanisms, and other critical communications and
information handing out services would all be disrupted, causing considerable economic
damage. It's indeed, unfortunately, unlikely that humans will be able to prevent technology
reliance. By way of an effect, the risk posed by reliance on technologies with a known
likelihood of failure, no viable alternative on hand, and significant costs as a consequence
must be evaluated.

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2.3 Education
In the twenty-first century, at the end of 2019, in Wuhan, one of China's high-tech
commercial centres, a totally new coronavirus emerged, killing tens of thousands of Chinese
residents in the first fifty days of its spread and injuring many more. For several sectors
throughout the world, the repercussions of a pandemic are irreversible and unpredictable.
Nearly 120 nations have now abandoned teaching face-to-face, and COVID-19 has impacted
the education of roughly a billion children throughout the world. E-learning is used by the
majority of all education institutions including public and private schools as well as higher
education. Simultaneously, nearly every country in the globe, notably Malaysia's higher
education ministry, has allotted a directive to halt public schools and universities as an
immediate step to stem the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Mock intellect, for example,
has transformed traditional schooling into a new style of learning. Therefore, E-learning
encompasses a broader definition of technology-based learning that includes websites,
learning platforms, video conferencing, YouTube, mobile applications, and a plethora of
other free blended learning websites. Via internet, E-learning is now increasing students'
knowledge, as well as teacher educators, professional and industrial people's abilities. The
Malaysian government is investing heavily on higher education. Malaysian schools,
universities, colleges, and polytechnics are reportedly embracing Open Online Courses
(MOOCs Courses, according to press sources. It was indeed driven by the availability of the
E-learning portal by male and female students. All through the COVID-2019 period, this
study compares the utilisation of E-learning portals by male and female peers among school
and university students.

Universally, utmost teachers and students are pleased with the transition to online education,
which has been made possible by the closure and lockdown of schools and higher education
institutions throughout the world owing to the COVID-19 epidemic. Teachers and
Professors at prestigious institutions have begun to obtain online teacher certificates in order
to provide online instruction to their students. Teachers and administrators are learning how
to use online learning tools at the same time. Previously, they solely used face-to-face
education as a method of conveyance. Conversely, the move to online learning has generated
concerns about educational superiority. Additionally, academic institutions are altering their
teaching approaches with the utilisation of intangible resources, and good facilities such as

8
computers and IT contemporary technology acquisition are now in high demand. As an
effect of this unanticipated change from face-to-face to online learning, students and
teachers confront handful challenges. Furthermore, numerous nations have substantial
difficulties with technological set-up in rural regions. As a corollary, the quality of online
education may be a serious matter that requires immediate attention. As a consequence, this
learning attempts to identify the effect of male and female students on the usage of the E-
learning site, based on the foregoing concerns.

Meanwhile, 120 nations have shut schools for the next fourteen days, affecting nearly a
billion kids worldwide. In spite of this, the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted colleges to
stop offering face-to-face classes and send students home. As a result, colleges are being
forced to provide courses through online portals. Likewise, computerized virtual meeting
systems such as Zoom, Microsoft platform, Webex Blackboard, and Google Classroom are
being used by the education system. As a result, E-learning would improve internationally.
Numerous educators raised concerns about the Learning Management System (LMS) in
Malaysian schools and universities during the pandemic, including a shortage of qualified
teachers and lectures, poor internet speeds, WIFI coverage, facilities, strategy functionality,
quality of information, system usage, and student adoption.

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3.0 What do you think these changes will be? Provide or predict five changes.

The current Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic had a universal impact on
society, notably in the domains of social sciences and behavioural elements. Notwithstanding
the virus's frightening pace of transmission, new vaccinations and therapies are still being
tested in research trials. As a result, social distance would be the most appropriate technique
for dealing with this issue. Throughout this debate on the influence of Covid-19 on virtual
education in the context of the Malaysian school system, the numerous difficulties, obstacles,
changes and awaiting solutions due to the epidemic were emphasised on. In this initiative on
the influence of Covid-19 in Malaysia, the insights on teaching and learning from home,
leveraging technology progress, group activities, preparation in education, government
options, internet connectivity, and the student evaluation procedure were emphasised.

Most teachers were introduced to the notion of online learning through the construction of
Smart Schools, which shifted teaching and learning from a school-oriented approach to a
virtual platform through online learning from home. At the time, a number of concerns were
considered, including restricted applications and a lack of technological facilities and internet
connectivity. Additionally, good communication was found to be an underutilised component
by teachers, owing to technical issues with information technology (IT). Henceforth,
UNESCO (2020) recommends that instructors receive initial training in online learning
approaches that include curriculum, pedagogical approaches, baseline technical equipment,
free internet data, educational resources, and peer supervision in fulfilling students'
requirements. Besides that, virtual teaching and learning from home was a challenging task
that necessitated strong community attention from teachers, parents, guardians, and school
administrators, as well as student engagement to monitor the students' progress in achieving
ideal grades as in physical classrooms, especially in the aftermath of the pandemic.

In addition, students were affected differentially by online interactions. For instance, an

unintended transfer of knowledge and involvements might foster an intellect of participation
and community involvement, whilst an ancillary encounter alleviated students' apprehension
about sharing information. However, in circumstances when the debate was too intense,

10
passionate, or lacking in professionalism, some students were unable to recognise these
principles. Students who dealt well with the pace of debate unwittingly posed a threat to
others who may feel alienated and lose self-confidence, according to a comparable
circumstance. Students primarily depended on self-study to overcome the obstacles in online
classrooms, notably during the pandemic, thus teachers were urged to describe the learning
plan before to school hours and offer the essential materials to prepare in beforehand.

Perhaps, children have not typically been sent home to play, much to the dismay of some.
Families have an important role in education and are universally acknowledged as key
contributors to a child's learning. At first glance, the present global development of home
schooling may appear to be extremely favourable, as if it is going to be beneficial. However,
this position is usually viewed as a supplement to the school's involvement. Being the
significant determinant of learning, even when using online materials, is a separate matter,
and while many parents throughout the world effectively home school their children, this
does not appear to apply to the entire population. Thus, despite worldwide home schooling
will undoubtedly create numerous inspired, furious, joyful, and frustrating instances, it is
highly improbable that it can compensate the learning lost from school on an estimate based.
However, the broader issue is that there will very certainly be significant differences across
families in terms of their ability to assist their children in learning. The timeframe accessible
to dedicate, the parents' teaching non-cognitive abilities, resources (intended for, not
everyone will have the equipment to obtain the finest internet content), and expertise are all
significant disparities. As a result, the disparity in human capital progress for the impacted
groups would widen.

All pupils were methodical to be present virtual classes from home during the MCO in
Malaysia from March 13 to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic. Nonetheless, e-
learning from home presented numerous problems, since certain subject materials needed
explanation, particularly in the method of complicated homework that necessitated detailed
explanations and debate by other group mates. The MCO phase tolerable group members to
investigate the use of possible materials in performing given duties and recognising the
obstacles associated in a novel experience, such as virtual groups, since the Covid-19 danger
necessitated keeping physical distance to decrease infection rates. Hence, the mental
preparation, competence, and resources of people were the determining features in
completing assigned tasks. Furthermore, owing to restricted internet connection, students
experienced time restrictions, with inadequate time to grasp the prescribed activities, posing

11
an obstacle to obtaining material and completing assignments within the permitted time.
Thus, by developing an effective learning plan to accomplish assignments, efficient learning
techniques might be emphasised.

Consequently, pupils' consecration, particularly during the MCO session, determined whether
homework was completed successfully or not. Therefore, students required to demonstrate
their dedication to finishing schoolwork and providing response to classmates. As a measure
of honour and ethics, pupils were required to be very liable for the tasks given to them
throughout this time, instilling self-discipline at home without procrastination and shaping
solid, disciplined, and trustworthy persons. Additionally, students' capacity to adapt
educational activities to the home environment, including the sort of tools used at home, is
critical. For instance, establishing a designated study room and utilising computers for typing,
discussion, submitting essential documents, and accessing the internet had a substantial
impact on students' assignment performance. Throughout this period, the Internet was also a
crucial source of connectivity, since the requirement for high-speed data connectivity had an
influence on educational achievement at home. A sluggish network, as illustration, might
have an impact on the allocated job. Digital communication and IT abilities were a crucial
aspect in facilitating task performance at home in the MCO scenario. Further considerations
include enough lighting, proper workstations with desks, and comfortable seats. As students
worked in groups, surrounding graphics and voice quality were also important considerations
when engaging in video presentations.

In order to protect students' and teachers' health and safety, national public examinations such
as the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) have to be postponed. Likewise, all candidates for the
year 2020 were cancelled from the Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) and Sistem
Pentaksiran Tingkatan Tiga (PT3). The order applies to all government schools and
assistance schools, private schools, and other educational institutions licensed underneath the
Education Ministry, according to an isolated Malaysian satellite television service. In fact, the
Education Ministry took the correct approach in altering the examination dates for Sijil
Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia (STPM) and Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM) candidates in
order to lessen teachers' labour and strain in preparing the existing curricula. Assessment is a
crucial element of learning that should be done on a systematic basis through remote online
activities including homework, presentations, quizzes, and examinations. Nonetheless,

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several parents, instructors, and students expressed reservations about the fairness of online
tests. In order to facilitate successful evaluations, the level of privacy and confidentiality in
virtual education should also be considered. Despite online assessment approaches may
appear fresh in light of the Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi (KPT) announcement, practical
evaluations may face challenges when examined digitally.

Last but not least, Malaysians had to work and study from home during the Covid-19
epidemic, according to a declaration from the National Security Council (2020), underlining
the significance of having inexpensive and dependable internet connectivity. Numerous
modifications were introduced in Microsoft team software, for example, with a substantial
rise in users from 12 million to 44 million per day globally (National Security Council,
2020). As a result, all Malaysian higher education institutions would be able to teach and
study electronically.

4.0 Will the changes have a positive or a negative effect on Malaysians in general, on
Malaysian youths who are still in the education system specifically?

4.1 Language
We lose our capability to communicate if any portion of the equivalence of spoken
and nonverbal language portrayed via the perspective of culture is lost. By putting
our ability to read verbal, nonverbal, and cultural clues to the test. It's clear to see
how digital technology's language is having a detrimental impact on our
communication. Not only that, but there's more but digital technology's language
likewise has an unacknowledged negative impact on physical and emotional
wellbeing. Meanwhile, the changes in language also have positive effects at the same
time. Students will need to use a variety of tools such as technology like laptops to
do these activities, including those that will assist them in learning the language
quickly and successfully.

The phrase "Innovative Technology" refers to language education communication

strategies in which the personal computer plays a significant role. Apart from
computers, there are other technical instruments that may be used in language

13
learning. With one of the four language elements, every technical instrument has its
own set of benefits and applications (speaking, listening, reading, and writing). In
addition to the teacher's role, technology has had a significant impact on language
teaching and learning. In other words, the teacher's function, along with the role of
technology, can lead to enhanced learning outcomes.

4.2 Society
Technology has an impact on how people interact, learn, and think. It contributes to
society and influences how individuals interact on a frequent basis. In current world,
technology plays a critical role. It has both beneficial and bad repercussions on the
world, as well as a direct impact on people's lives. We live in a time where technical
advancements are commonplace. Mobile phones and the internet are good instances.
Unfortunately, there is a drawback to technical advancements.

Firstly, Cyber Harassment to the majority of teenagers have been victims of cyber
bullying in the past. Since anyone can create a fake record and do anything without
getting caught, it has become quite simple for anyone to scare on the Internet. Perils,
threatening messages, and bits of gossip can be conveyed to the broader population
to cause difficulty and unrest. Following, hacking on the internet, private details and
confidentiality can be hijacked and exposed. In the earlier, certain Twitter and
Facebook accounts have been hacked, and the hacker has released items that have
altered people's lives. Next, addiction is one of the addictive aspects of internet
networking is terrible and may wreak havoc on people's lives. It can also waste
people's time that could be better spent on more productive chores and activities.
Crime and Scams, there are a few examples of persons who have used internet
socializing to conduct fraud and scams. Reputation, besides fabricating a bogus tale
and distributing it around the internet, social media may easily damage someone's
reputation. It makes you fixate on something. Spending countless hours on social
media sites might divert attention and focus away from a certain task. Students are
mostly reliant on inventiveness and the internet, rather than absorbing the practical
knowledge and skills of everyday life. If children are allowed to use these peer-to-
peer communication sites, they can have a significant impact. The rationale for this is
that people sporadically upload images on social media sites that feature brutality
and sex, which can impair the behaviour of children and teenagers. Additional
14
disadvantage of web-based social networking is that users disclose enormous
amounts of data, which might put them in jeopardy. Though with the tightest safety
settings, personal information could leak onto social media sites. Exporting your
recordings or photos, as well as replicating current status, is a straightforward task
that should be completed in a matter of seconds.

4.3 Education
Day by day, more and more students are using technology in the classroom. It has
allowed teachers to convey a greater amount of material in a quicker sum of time
than previously feasible. Despite technology has the ability to assist children obtain
great quantities of knowledge, teach them how to be independent, and provide access
to educational materials through media and technological devices, there are certain
negative aspects that should not be overlooked. Familiarizing technology to children
while they are young might have negative consequences on their personal life,
interpersonal relationships, and future health. This can cause social isolation in
children and evolve to other major physical and mental illnesses like obesity,
computer vision disorder, and depression. Computers, mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablets, digital cameras, social media stages and systems, software
programmes, and the Internet are just a few of the technical items to which our
children have admittance.

Consequently, our students are competent to use their screen gadgets flawlessly yet
they are impotent to ride their bikes or tie their own shoes lacking the assistance of
others. Therefore, parents should restrict how much time their children spend on
devices and as an alternative emphasize activities that improve their physical and
mental health. Nonetheless, when children are unprotected to violence on television
or on the computer, they develop aggressive characteristics. They teach you to feel
that violence towards other children is ordinary. Since, kids are more readily
moulded, they are more likely to unplanned negative effects from television episodes
such as theft, using drugs, and smoking. Lastly, if asked a student nowadays to do a
basic arithmetic problem, the overwhelming amount of them would have to use a
calculator to respond since they have constantly depended on technology. Most
children rely on spell check to repair their errors, which does not offer similar
15
 learning benefits as using a dictionary and reading up a term would. Whilst
calculators and spell checkers are useful tools that consent students to spend more
time being creative instead of doing monotonous work, they might impair a child's
scholastic growth if they become overly reliant on them.

5.0 Conclusion
In the nutshell, as technology advances, web-based social networking has become the norm
for every single person, family, and group. Meant for students especially, online networking
has enhanced the effectiveness and speed of concerted effort. Technology's use in education,
society, and language has developed a need in today's world. Methodological paths of using
technology to improve these three issues. Even though technology advances, it grows into
vital to include this platform into the educational process. The computer is becoming further
of a vital element of the learning process and a way of transferring skills to students. Schools
must upgrade their methodological education capacities by incorporating new technology
and facilities into the classroom. The advantages may overshadow the disadvantages at
times, but they cannot be overlooked. Children are our world's forthcoming, and their
general development is hampered by their usage of technology. Considering technology has
become a vital part of our society, parents ought to act as guardians to ensure that their
children get the most out of it. This can be handled by overseeing children's use of
technology and watching them when they are linked to the digital realm at all times.

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6.0 Reference
Constantinescu, A. I. (2007). Using technology to assist in vocabulary acquisition and
reading comprehension. The Internet TESL Journal, 13(2). Retrieved from
http://iteslj.org/Articles/Constantinescu-Vocabulary.html

Davies, G., & Hewer, S. (2012). Introduction to new technologies and how they can
contribute to language learning and teaching. Module 1.1 in Davies G. (ed.), Information
and Communications Technology for Language Teachers (ICT4LT), Slough, Thames Valley
University [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.ict4lt.org/en/en_mod1-1.htm

S.Shabnoor,S.Tajinder,Social Media its Impact with Positive and NegativeAspects IJCATR,

Volume 5– Issue 2, 71 - 75, 2016

Dorman, S. M. (1997). Video and computer games: Effect on children and implications for
health education. Journal of School Health, 67(4), 133-138. Retrieved from
http://www.ashaweb.org.

Hosale, S.(2013). 25 Negative effects of technology. RooGirl. Retrieved from

http://roogirl.com/25-negative-effects-of-technology/.

Mads. (2011). How technology affects us. Teen Ink Magazine. Retrieved from
http://www.teenink.com/opinion/social_issues_civics/article/166619/How-Techno logy-
Affects-Us.

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7.0 Illustrations

Figure 7.1 The changes in pedagogical

Figure 7.2 The current shift toward heavy dependence on technology in

education our language, society and education

18