Formulating

Counterclaims and
Textual Evidence
By: GROUP 5 ( Albudin, Asinas,
Reyes, Vergara, Victorino )
Rijj Jeru Matthew B. Albudin

-Detective Albudin
Lesson Objectives:
Starter Activity: Detective Crime Of
The Scene
1. The deadly killer of an office woman!
THE SUSPECT
2. The Mansion Robbery
THE SUSPECT
Pre-Assessment:
1. Why is textual evidence important
in writing? FOLLOW UP : How does
textual evidence reinforce the
claims of a text
2. How can one determine the
validity of textual evidence in a
text?
3. How can we say that a certain text
and claim is inherently correct?

 Formulating Counterclaims:
What is a What is the use of counterclaims?
counterclaim? As a reader, use of counterclaims can show
Counterclaims mastery of the writer’s topic and clarify your own
provide an opposing personal stance on a central claim.
viewpoint that As a writer, use of counterclaims can help you
contest and rebut reinforce your central idea by formulating
the central claim. possible counterclaims and shutting them down.
They show a personal It helps foster habits of a critical thinker.
contrasting idea. It helps you remain objective.

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 This acronym shows guidelines in formulating a
Formulating a
counterclaim. Before all letters, the question
Counterclaim: “what” should be added.
M-ajor points that you disagree with from the
author’s central point
S-trongest argument of the author and their defense
M-erits of their view
W-eaknesses in their arguments
L-ines from the text best support your counterclaim

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Check Your Understanding:

Check Your Understanding:

 Determining Textual Evidence:

Textual evidence backs up a claim with data taken

What is from a primary source or additional texts.

Textual evidence deals with facts in writing. It
involves the strategies employed to find out if a

Textual claim in text is factual.

Evidence is defined as the details given by the
author to support his/her claim.

Evidence When an author provides a claim or thesis and

employs evidence to support the claims, textual
evidence is being used.

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 Determining Textual Evidence
What is the Reinforces your claim.
Allows you to validate the assertions of the author
and your possible counterclaims.
importance of Crucial in influencing a reader towards your claim.
Evidence gives more info and substantiates your.
claim.
Textual Evidence Makes the piece more interesting.

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 Elements of Evidence:

Evidence can include

the following:
F-acts and statistics
O-pinion from experts
P-ersonal anecdotes

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 Determining Textual Evidence:
This acronym shows some possible questions to help
determine textual evidence.
Q-uestions you can ask about the claims
D-etails in text that answer your questions
I-mportant details
R-elationship of the details to the claim
U-nsupported claims
S-ource reliability
Q-uestionable details

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 Characteristics of Good Evidence

The following are characteristics

of good textual evidence:
U-nified
R-elevant
S-pecific
A-ccurate
R-epresentative

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Types Of Textual Evidence:

REFERENCING

SUMMARIZING

or to call
Is to mention

Is useful if a page of a book is too long

out a specific event to to read so you use your own words to
support your idea describe what happened
Looking for an important To point out a larger part of the text
event that can further without taking up too much space
Always include the page number and
prove your idea
add why is it important
Example - This is clear
Example - When Meursault's mother
when Meursault attends dies he claims that it was inevitable,
his mother's funeral. The explaining the absurdist idea that life
Stranger by Albert has no meaning (33). The Stranger by
Camus Albert Camus

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Types Of Textual Evidence:

PARAPHRASING

QUOTING
Referring to someone's idea but using your own

words to add more detail to the text

or the main
Is used as a proof

Focuses on one main idea in order to give more evidence in order to prove
emphasis your text

Just like summarizing make sure to always include

It quotes “ a specific text
the page number and add why is it important
Unlike summarizing this focuses more on how you from the author in order for
interpret a specific text the audience to be more
Example - Original: “that it was one of those things convinced
that was bound to happen sooner or later" (33). It adds credibility to the
Paraphrase: As an absurdist, Meursault doesn't put
meaning towards any object or being. Therefore, he
point you are trying to make
doesn't mourn over his mother's death and acts There are 3 types of quoting
indifferently towards his loss(33).The Stranger by according to proper use
Albert Camus
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 3 Types Of Quoting:

Specific Detail

Quoting “ some of the phrases from the author and

adding it to yours to support your text but only taking

the most important parts.
It needs to be short and concise.
Example - Jack was "bent double" with his "nose only
a few inches from the humid earth" tracking the trail
of the pig "dog-like...on all fours" (Golding 48)

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 3 Types Of Quoting:

Brief Quotations

Same with specific detail it needs to be short.

It's like taking a phrase from an author in order to further

describe your text and idea.
In order to extend the details in the scenery of the text
Should be properly used in your text.
Example - On the wall of his room is a "large tinted
photograph of his dead wife, who, if Masses willed and
paid for out of her own estate could do it, was in Heaven"
(99).
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 3 Types Of Quoting:

Lengthy Quotations

From the word lengthy it means using longer

quotations.

Its main purpose is to prove a point at a

larger part of your text.
Called block quotes as well.
Make sure to be careful in using this method
as if not properly used it can lead to false
information.

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Check Your Understanding:
Check Your Understanding:
QUIZ TIME:
ON QUIZZIZ:
SUMMARY:
Thank You For
Listening!!