1.) Abrupt change in the vertical direction of moving vehicles should be avoided.

2.) Parabolic Curves

3.) The rate of slope is called the gradient or simply the “grade”.
4.) Summit curves , or sag curves
5.) Summit Curves
6.) Sag Curves
7.) NO- it is proportional
8.) NO- the midpoint of the long chord
9.) YES
10.)True
11.)H= 1/8
12.)Clothoid
13.)True
14.)Centrifugal force
15.)Superevelation
16.)No- Two thirds
17.)1. Pavement revolved about the centerline.
2. Pavement revolved about the outer edge.
3. Pavement revolved about the inner edge.
18.)Sight distance
19.)Stopping and Passing distance
20.)Stopping distance
21.)a. The time for the driver to perceive the hazard
b. The time to react
c. The time to stop the vehicle after the brakes are applied.
22.)¾ second
23.)The distance traveled during perception and reaction time and the distance to stop the
vehicle.
24.)Passing Distance
25.)Minimum passing sight distance
26.)False- increases
27.)Sharpness and flatness of the curve
28.)False- The larger the radius, the “flatter” the curve. The smaller the radius, the “sharper”
the curve.
29.)Arc basis
30.)Chord basis
31.)Reversed curve
32.)________curves are useful when laying out such things as pipelines, flumes, and levees.