CH 10. Oscilation and Waves (Phy +1)

Table of Contents
Oscilation and Waves
 Theory ..................................................................................................................................... 2
 Solved Examples .................................................................................................................... 10
 Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions ............................................................................... 24
 Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE Mains Questions ................................................................ 37
 Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions ....................................................................... 47
 Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions .......................................................... 69
 Answer Key ............................................................................................................................. 86

OSCILLATION AND WAVES 2
Oscillation and Waves

1. INTRODUCTION 2 m m
Time period (T) =  2 as  
(1) A motion which repeats itself over and over again after a  k k
regular interval of time is called a periodic motion.
3. Frequency
(2) Oscillatory or vibratory motion is that motion in which a
The frequency of a particle executing S.H.M. is equal to
body moves to and fro or back and forth repeatedly about
the number of oscillations completed in one second.
a fixed point in a definite interval of time.
(3) Simple harmonic motion is a specific type of oscillatory  1 k
v 
motion, in which 2 2 m
(a) partical moves in one dimension, 4. Phase
(b) particle moves to and fro about a fixed mean position The phase of particle executing S.H.M. at any instant is its
(where Fnet = 0), state as regard to its position and direction of motion at
(c) net force on the particle is always directed towards that instant. it is measured as argument (angle) of sine in
means position, and the equation of S.H.M.
(d) magnitude of net force is always proportional to the Phase = (t + )
displacement of particle from the mean position at that At t = 0, phase = ; the constant  is called initial phase of
instant. the particle or phase constant.
So, Fnet = –kx 1.2 Important Relations
where, k is known as force constant
1. Position
 ma = – kx
k
 a x or a  2 x +a
m
where,  is known as angular frequency. T/2 T
O
d2 x
  2 x –a
dt 2
This equation is called as the differential equation of If mean position is at origin the position (X coordinate)
S.H.M. depends on time in general as :
The general expression for x(t) satisfying the above x (t) = sin (t + )
equation is :
 At mean position, x = 0
x (t) = A sin (t + )
 At extremes, x = + A, –A
1.1 Some Important terms
2. Velocity
1. Amplitude
The amplitude of particle executing S.H.M. is its maximum Vmax
displacement on either side of the mean position.
T/2 T
A is the amplitude of the particle. O
2. Time Period
Time period of a particle executing S.H.M. is the time taken
to complete one cycle and is denoted by T.  At any time instant t, v (t) = A  cos (t + )
 At any position x, v (x) = ±  A 2  x 2 1 2 1

U x  kx  mA 2 2 sin 2  t   
2 2
 Velocity is minimum at extremes because the particles
is at rest.
i.e., v = 0 at extreme position. U max
 Velocity has maximum magnitude at mean position.

T/2 T
|v|max = A at mean position.
3. Acceleration
1 2
 U is maximum at extremes Umax = kA
2
Amax
 U is minimum at mean position
T/2 T
O Total Energy
T.E.
 At any instant t, a (t) = – 2 A sin (t + )
 At any position x, a (x) = – 2x
 Acceleration is always directed towards mean position.
 The magnitude of acceleration is minimum at mean
position and maximum at extremes. 1 2 1
T.E.  kA  mA 2 2
|a|min = 0 at mean position. 2 2
|a|max = 2 A at extremes. and is constant at all time instant and at all positions.
4. Energy Energy position graph
Kinetic energy
Energy
1 1 Total energy (E)
 K
2
mv2  K  m2 A 2  x 2
2
 
Potential energy (U)
1
 m2 A 2 cos 2  t   
2
Kinetic energy (K)
x=–a x=0 x=+a
K max
2. TIME PERIOD OF S.H.M.

T/2 T
To find whether a motion is S.H.M. or not and to find its
time period, follow these steps :
 K is maximum at mean position and minimum at extremes. (a) Locate the mean (equilibrium) position mathematically by
balancing all the forces on it.
1 1
 K max  m 2 A 2  kA 2 at mean position (b) Displace the particle by a displacement ‘x’ from the mean
2 2
position in the probable direction of oscillation.
 Kmin = 0 at extemes. (c) Find the net force on it and check if it is towards mean
Potential Energy position.
If potential energy is taken as zero at mean position, (d) Try to express net force as a proportional function of its
then at any position x, displacement ‘x’.
 If step (c) and step (d) are proved then it is a simple

m
harmonic motion.  Time period : T  2
k
(e) Find k from expression of net force (F = – kx) and find time
(c) Combination of springs :
m
period using T  2 . 1. Springs in series
k
2.1 Oscillations of a Block Connected to a Spring When two springs of force constant K1 and K2 are
connected in series as shown, they are equivalent to a
(a) Horizontal spring :
single spring of force constant K which is given by
Let a block of mass m be placed on a smooth horizontal
surface and rigidly connected to spring of force constant 1 1 1
 
K whose other end is permanently fixed. K K1 K 2
K1 K 2
K
K1  K 2
block in equilibrium
mean position
K1 K
x
block displaced K2
K1K2
K = ––––––
K1 + K2
 Mean position : when spring is at its natural length.
m
 Time period : T  2 2. Springs in parallel
k
For a parallel combination as shown, the effective
(b) Vertical Spring : spring constant is K = K1 + K2
If the spring is suspended vertically from a fixed point
and carries the block at its other end as shown, the
block will oscillate along the vertical line.
elongation block elongation

=d displaced =d+x
downwards
by x K1 K2
block in equilibrium
K1 + K2
mg
 Mean position : spring in elongated by d 
k
2.2 Oscillation of a Cylinder Floating in a liquid R

 Time period : T  2 = 84.6 minutes
Let a cylinder of mass m and density d be floating on g
the surface of a liquid of density . The total length of where, R is radius of earth.
cylinder is L.
2.5 Angular Oscillations
Instead of straight line motion, if a particle or centre of

mass of a body is oscillating on a small arc of circular
L path then it is called angular S.H.M.
l l+x For angular S.H.M., = – k
 I = –k
cylinder in equilibrium cylinder displaced downwards I

 Time period, T  2
by a distance x k
Ld
 Mean position : cylinder is immersed upto   2.5.1 Simple Pendulum

Ld  
 Time period : T  2  2  Time period : T  2
g g g
 Time period of a pendulum in a lift :

2.3 Liquid Oscillating in a U–Tube
Consider a liquid column of mass m and density  in a U- 

T  2 (if acceleration of lift is upwards)
tube of area of cross section A. ga

T  2 (if acceleration of lift is downwards)
x ga
x
 Second’s pendulum
Time period of second’s pendulum is 2s.
Length of second’s pendulum on earth surface  1m.
In equilibrium liquid displaced by x 2.5.2 Physical Pendulum
 Mean position : when height of liquid is same in both I

Time period : T  2
limbs. mg
m L
 Time period : T  2  2
2Ag 2g
O
where, L is length of liquid column.
2.4 Body Oscillation in tunnel along any chord of earth l
mg
 Mean position : At the centre of the chord
where, I is moment of inertia of object about point of  is the density of the solid.
suspension, and Speed of longitudinal wave in fluid is given by
l is distance of centre of mass of object from point of
suspension. B
v

3. DAMPED AND FORCED OSCILLATIONS
where, B is the bulk modulus,
1. Damped Oscillation :
 is the density of the fluid.
(i) The oscillation of a body whose amplitude goes on
(b) Newton’s formula
decreasing with time is defined as damped oscillation.
Newton assumed that propagation of sound wave in
(ii) In this oscillation the amplitude of oscillation gas is an isothermal process. Therefore, according to
decreases exponentially due to damping forces like
frictional force, viscous force etc. P
Newton, speed of sound in gas is given by v 

+a where P is the pressure of the gas and  is the density
of the gas.
According to the Newton’s formula, the speed of sound
O t
x in air at S.T.P. is 280 m/s. But the experimental value of
the speed of sound in air is 332 ms–1. Newton could not
–a explain this large difference. Newton’s formula was
corrected by Laplace.
(iii) Due to decrease in amplitude the energy of the (c) Laplace’s correction
oscillator also goes on decreasing exponentially. Laplace assumed that propagation of sound wave in
2. Forced Oscillation : gas in an adiabatic process. Therefore, according to
(i) The oscillation in which a body oscillates under the Laplace, speed of sound in a gas is given by
influence of an external periodic force are known as
P
forced oscillation. v

(ii) Resonance : When the frequency of external force is
equal to the natural frequency of the oscillator, then According to Laplace’s correction the speed of sound
this state is known as the state of resonance. And this in air at S.T.P. is 331.3 m/s. This value agrees farily well
frequency is known as resonant frequency. with the experimental values of the velocity of sound
in air at S.T.P.
4. WAVES
5. WAVES TRAVELLING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
(a) Speed of longitudinal wave
Speed of longitudinal wave in a medium is given by When two waves of same amplitude and frequency
travelling in opposite directions
E y1 = A sin (kx – t)
v
 y2 = A sin (kx + t)
where, E is the modulus of elasticity, interfere, then a standing wave is produced which is
given by,
 is the density of the medium.
y = y1 + y2
Speed of longitudinal wave in a solid in the form of rod
is given by  y = 2A sin kx cos t
Hence the particle at location x is oscillating in S.H.M.
Y with angular frequency  and amplitude 2A sin kx. As
v
 the amplitude depends on location (x), particles are
oscillating with different amplitude.
where, Y is the Young’s modulus of the solid,
Nodes : Amplitude = 0
L L
2A sin kx = 0
x = 0, /k, 2/k.......
A A A
x = 0, /2, , 3/2, 2........ N N
N N N
Antinodes : Amplitude is maximum.
sin kx = ± 1
x = /2k, 3/2k Fundamental frequency (x = 1)
x = /4, 3/4, 5/4
v
0 
Nodes are completely at rest. Antinodes are oscillating 2L
with maximum amplitude (2A). The points between a
It is also called first harmonic.
node and antinode have amplitude between 0 and 2 A.
Second harmonic or first overtone
Separation between two consecutive (or antinodes)
= /2. 2v

Separation between a node and the next antinode=/4. 2L
Nodes and antinodes are alternately placed. The nth multiple of fundamental frequency is known
as nth harmonic or (n – 1)th overtone.
t=0 t = T/2 2. Fixed at one end

Transverse standing waves with node at fixed end and
t = T/8 t = 3T/8 antinode at open end are formed.
t = T/4 
So, length of string    2n  1 if there are n nodes
N1 N2 t = T/4 N N 4
and n antinodes.
t = 3T/8 t = T/8 Frequency of oscillations
t = T/2 t=0 v  2n  1 v
  
 4
It is clear from the figure that since nodes are, at rest Fundamental frequency, (n = 1)
they don’t transfer energy. In a stationary wave, energy
v
is not transferred from one point to the other. 0 
4L
5.1 Vibrations in a stretched string It is also called first harmonic.
1. Fixed at both ends. First overtone or third harmonic.
Transverse standing waves with nodes at both ends 3v
  3 0
of the string are formed. 4
n Only odd harmonics are possible in this case.

So, length of string,   if there are (n + 1) nodes
2 5.2 Vibrations in an organ pipe
and n antinodes.
1. Open Organ pipe (both ends open)
Frequency of oscillations is
The open ends of the tube becomes antinodes because
v nv the particles at the open end can oscillate freely.
  
 2 If there are (n + 1) antinodes in all,
n Let us consider net effect of two waves of frequencies

length of tube,    1 and  2 and amplitude A at x = 0.
2
nv y1  A sin 21 t
So, Frequency of oscillations is  
2 y 2  A sin 2 2 t
 y = y1 + y2
 y = A  sin 21 t  sin 2 2 t 
y   2A cos   1   2  t  sin   1   2  t
Thus the resultant wave can be represented as a
   2 
travelling wave whose frequency is  1  and
 2 
amplitude is 2A cos  ( 1–  2) t.
As the amplitude term contains t, the amplitude varies
periodically with time.
2. Closed organ pipe (One end closed) For Loud Sounds : Net amplitude = ± 2A
The open end becomes antinode and closed end  cos  ( 1 –  2) t = ± 1
become a node.   ( 1 –  2) t = 0, , 2, 3 .......
If there are n nodes and n antinodes,
1 2 ........
L = (2n – 1) /4  t  0, ,
1   2 1   2
So frequency of oscillations is
Hence the interval between two loud sounds is given as :
v  2n  1 v
  1
 4L 
1   2
 the number of loud sounds per second =  1 –  2

 beat per second =  1 –  2
Note that 1 – 2 must be small (0 – 16 Hz) so that sound
variations can be distinguished.
Filling a tuning form increases its frequency of vibration.

Loading a tuning for k decreases its frequency of vibration.
6. DOPPLER EFFECT
There are only odd harmonics in a tube closed at one end.
According to Doppler’s effect, whenever there is a relative
5.3 Waves having different frequencies motion between a source of sound and listener, the apparent
frequency of sound heard by the listener is different from
Beats are formed by the superposition of two waves of
the actual frequency of sound emitted by the source.
slightly different frequencies moving in the same
direction. The resultant effect heard in this case at any Apparent frequency,
fixed position will consist of alternate loud and weak v  vL
  
sounds. v  vs
Sing Convention. All velocities along the direction S

to L are taken as positve and all velocities along the v   vL  v  vL
    i.e. v’ > 
direction L to S are taken as negative. v v
When the motion is along some other direction the
(e) If the source and listener are approaching each other,
component of velocity of source and listener along the
then v s is positive and v L is negative (figure e).
line joining the source and listener is considered.
Therefore,
Special Cases :
(a) If the source is moving towards the listener but the v   vL   v  vL 
listener is at rest, then vs is positive and vL = 0 (figure      i.e. ’ > 
v  vs  v  vs 
a). Therefore,
(f) If the source and listener are moving away from each
v
    i.e. ’ >  other, then vs is negative and vL is positive, (figure f).
v  vs
Therefore,
(b) If the source is moving away from the listener, but the
v  vL v  vL
listener is at rest, then vs is negative and vL = 0 (figure     i.e. ’ < 
b). Therefore, v    vs  v  vs
v v (g) If the source and listener are both in motion in the

    i.e. ’ <  same direction and with same velocity, then vs = vL = v’
v    vs  v  vs
(say) (figure g). Therefore,
(c) If the source is at rest and listener is moving away from
the source, the vs = 0 and vL is positive (figure c).  v  v 
   i.e. ’ = 
Therefore,  v  v 
It means, there is no change in the frequency of sound

heard by the listerner.
Apparent wavelength heard by the observer is
  s
 

If case the medium is also moving, the speed of sound

 
with respect to ground is considered. i.e.    m
7. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
Loudness of sound is also called level of intensity of
sound.
In decibel the loudness of a sound of intensity I is
 I 
 v  vL  given by L = 10 log10   . (I0 = 10 –12 w/m2)
   i.e. ’ <   I0 
v
Pitch : It is pitch depends on frequency, higher the
(d) If the source is at rest and listener is moving towards frequency higher will be the pitch and shriller will be
the source, then vs = 0 and vL is negative (figure d). the sound.
Therefore,
SOLVED EXAMPLES
OSCILLATIONS A = 4.00 m ,  =  rad/s, 0 = /4
Example - 1 (a) Displacement at t = 1.00 s i.e.,
Write the displacement equation representing the following x = (4.00 m)cos( × 1 + /4) = (4.00) (–cos /4)
conditions obtained in a simple harmonic motion. Amplitude = (4.00) (–0.707) = –2.83 m
= 0.01 m, frequency = 600 Hz, initial phase = /6.
(b) Velocity at t = 1.00 s, i.e., v = – A sin (t + 0)
Sol. Here A = 0.01 m, v = 600 Hz, 0 = /6 or v = – (/s)(4.00 m)sin [ × 1 + /4]
The displacement equation of simple harmonic motion is = –(4.00 )(–sin /4) m/s
y = A sin (t + 0) = A sin(vt + 0) = (4.00 × 3.14)(0.707) m/s
or y = (0.01 m) sin (1200 t + /6) = 8.89 m/s
(c) Acceleration,
Example - 2 2
a = –  A cos (t + 0)
A particle executes SHM of amplitude 25 cm and time period
2
3 s. What is the minimum time required for the particle to = –  × 4.00 cos ( × 1 + /4)
2 2
move between two points 12.5 cm on either side of the = – (4.00  )(–cos /4)m/s
mean position ? 2 2
= 4.00 × (3.14) × 0.707 m/s
2
Sol. With usual notation, we are given that amplitude A = 25 cm, = 27.9 m/s
time period T = 3s
(d) Maximum velocity, vmax = A ×  × 4.00
Displacement from the mean position, y = 12.5 cm
= 12.6 m/s
If t is the time taken by the particle to move from the mean 2 2
Maximum acceleration, amax =  A =  × 4.00
position to a point 12.5 cm on any side of the mean position, 2
= 39.5 m/s
 2   2 
y = A sin t = A sin  t  or 12.5 = 25 sin  t    9
 T   3  (e) Phase, (t + 0) = (/s) × 2s + = 2 + = .
4 4 4
 2  1   2   Example - 4
or sin  t    sin or  t  
 3  2 6  3  6 A block is resting on a piston which is moving vertically
with a SHM of period 1.0 s. At what amplitude of vibration
or t = 0.25 s
will the block and the piston separate ? What is the
Obviously, time taken by the particle to move between two maximum velocity of the piston at this amplitude ?
points 12.5 cm on either side of the mean position.
= 2t = 2 × 0.25 = 0.5 s. Sol. We are given that T = 1.0 s
Further, the maximum acceleration in SHM, i.e.,
Example - 3 amax =  A
2
A body oscillates with SHM along with X-axis. Its

For the block and the piston to separate,
displacement varies with time according to the equation : 2
amax  g or  A  g
x = (4.00 m) cos(t + /4)
Calculate at t = 1.00 s : (a) displacement (b) velocity 2 gT 2
or (2/T) A  g or A 
(c) acceleration (d) Also calculate the maximum speed and 4 2
maximum acceleration and (e) phase at t = 2.00 s.
(9.8 m / s 2 )(1.0 s) 2 2
Sol. By comparing the given equation with the general equation or A (as 4 = 39.48)
39.48
for SHM along X-axis, i.e.,
or A  0.248 m
x = Acos (t + 0), we get
Thus, the block and the piston separate, when

T'
A = 0.248 m or = (1 + 0.005) = 1.005
T
Clearly,
or T’ = (1.005)T = 1.005 × 2
 2   2  3.14  (as for a second pendulum, T = 2s)
vmax = A =   A    (0.248 m) = 1.56 m/s
 T   1.0 s  or T’ = 2.01 s
Example - 5 Since the time period has increased, the pendulum will make
lesser number of vibrations per day. In other words, it will
A point particle of mass 0.1 kg is executing SHM of amplitude run slow.
0.1 m. When the particle passes through the mean position,
–3
its kinetic energy is 8 × 10 J. Obtain the equation of motion Loss in time in 2 s = 0.01 s
o
of this particle if the initial phase of oscillations is 45 .
0.01s
Sol. Here, m = 0.1 kg, A = 0.1 m, Loss in 1 day (i.e., 86400 s) = 2 s × 86400 s = 432 s
–3
K0 (kinetic energy at mean position) = 8 × 10 J, Example - 7
o
0 = 45 = /4 A spring compressed by 10 cm develops a restoring force
of 10 N. A body of mass 9 kg is placed on it. What is the
1
1 2 2 2 2 –3 force constant of the spring ? What is the depression in
Since K0 = m A , 2 (0.1 kg) (0.1 m) = 8 × 10 J
2 the spring under the weight of the body ? What is the
period of oscillation if the body is disturbed from its
or  = 4 rad/s
equilibrium position ? [Take g = 10 N/kg]
The equation of motion of a particle executing SHM is given
by Sol. Here, F = 10 N, y = 10 cm = 0.1 m
y = Asin(t + 0)
F 10 N
or y = (0.1 m)sin [(4 rad/s) t + /4] Force constant, k = y = 0.1m = 100 N/m
Example - 6
Further, when F = weight of the body = 9 kg wt = 90 N,
If the length of a second pendulum is increased by 1%,
how many seconds will it lose in a day ? F 90 N
y = k  100 N / m = 0.9 m
Sol. If l be the length of the second pendulum and T be its time
period, then m
Time period, T = 2
k
l
T = 2 ...(i)
g 9  3
= 2 s = 2   s
When length is increased by 1%, i.e., by 1/100, 100  10 
new length = l + (l/100) = l (1 + 1/100)
3
If T’ be its changed time period, or T= s = 1.88 s.
5
l (1  1/100) Example - 8
T’ = 2 ...(ii) Write the values of amplitude and angular frequency in the
g
following simple harmonic motion :
From eqns. (i) and (ii),
x = 0.70 cos (180t + 0.23)
1/ 2
T'  1   1  where the various quantities are in SI units.
 1    1  
T  100   100 
Sol. Comparing the given simple harmonic motion with the
T'  1  standard SHM equation
or  1   (applying binomial theorem)
T  200  x = Acos(t + 0), we have A = 0.70 m,  = 180 rad/s
Example - 9 Sol. We are given that time period of a simple pendulum on Earth,
i.e., TE = 3.5 s
Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the 2
equations y1 = 10 sin (3t + /4) and Acceleration due to gravity on Earth, i.e., gE = 9.8 m/s
2
Acceleration due to gravity on Moon, i.e., gM = 1.7 m/s .
y2 = 5 (sin 3t + 3 cos 3t)
Let TM be the time period of the simple pendulum on Moon.
Find the ratio of their amplitudes. Clearly,
Sol. We are given that l l

y1 = 10 sin (3t + /4) ...(i) TE = 2 and TM = 2
gE gE
y2 = 5 (sin 3t + 3 cos 3t)
TM 2 l / g M gE 9.8
or   
= 10[(1/2)sin 3t + ( 3 / 2) cos 3t] TE 2 l / g E gM 1.7 = 2.4
= 10 [cos (/3) sin 3t + sin (/3) cos 3t] Clearly, TM = 2.4 TE = 2.4 × 3.5 = 8.4 s
= 10 sin [3t + (/3)] ...(ii) Example - 12
From eqns. (i) and (ii), it is clear that the amplitudes of both
A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate in turn on two
SHM’s are equal i.e., these are in the ration of 1 : 1.
springs, one of force constant 1 N/m and another of 16 N/m.
Example - 10 Calculate the time period in each case.
How will the time period of a simple pendulum change if its
length is doubled ? Sol. For the first spring, m = 1 kg and k = 1 N/m
m 1
Sol. For a simple pendulum, Thus, T1 = 2   = 2 s
k 1
l For the second spring, m = 1 kg, k = 16 N/m
T = 2
g
m 1 
Thus, T2 = 2    s .
For two pendulums of lengths l1 and l2, let their time periods k 16  2 
be T1 and T2. Example - 13
A spring balance has a scale that reads from 0 to 50 kg. The
l1
Clearly, T1 = 2 length of the scale is 20 cm. A body suspended from this
g
spring, when displaced and released, oscillates with a
period of 0.60 s. What is the weight of the body ?
l2
and T2 = 2 Sol. If k is the spring constant of the spring balance,
g
F 50 kg wt 50  9.8 N
T2 l2 k= = 0.2 m  0.20 m = 2450 N/m
Thus, T  l  2 (as l2/ l1 = 2) l
1 1
Let  be the angular frequency of the spring balance.
or T2 = 2 T1
2 2
Clearly,  =  = 10.47 rad/s
Thus, the time period of the simple pendulum increases by T 0.60
a factor of 2. If m is the mass of the body,
Example - 11
k k 2450
or m = 2  (10.47)2 = 22.35 kg
2
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon  =
2 m
is 1.7 m/s . What is the time-period of a simple pendulum
on the Moon if its time period on the Earth is 3.5 s ? Weight of the body = mg = 22.35 kg wt
2
(g on Earth = 9.8 m/s ) = 22.35 × 9.8 N = 219 N
Example - 14 Sol. With usual notations, we are given that

A small trolley of mass 2.0 kg resting on a horizontal m = 3.0 kg, k = 1200 N/m, A = 2.0 cm = 0.02 m
turntable is connected by a light spring to the centre of (a) The frequency of oscillation of the mass m is given as
the table. When the turntable is set into rotation at a speed
of 300 rpm, the length of the stretched spring is 40 cm. If 1 k 1 1200 20 –1 –1
the original length of the spring is 35 cm, determine the v=  or v = s = 3.2 s
2 m 2  3.14 3 6.28
force constant of the spring.
(b) The maximum acceleration of the mass, i.e.,
Sol. We are given that 2 2 2 2
amax =  A = (2v) A = 4 v A
mass of the trolley, m = 2.0 kg 2 2 2
or amax = [(39.48)(3.2) (0.02)]m/s = 8.1 m/s
frequency of rotation of the turntable,
(c) The maximum speed of the mass, i.e.,
300 vmax = A = 2vA
v= = 5 rps
60 or vmax = (2 × 3.14 × 3.2 × 0.02) m/s = 0.4 m/s
length of the stretched spring, Example - 16
r = 40 cm = 0.4 m In above problem, what is
original length of the spring, (a) the speed of the mass when the spring is compressed
L = 35 cm = 0.35 m by 1.0 cm ?
extension produced in the spring, (b) potential energy of the mass when it momentarily
l = r – L = 0.05 m comes to rest ?
tension in the spring = centripetal force, (c) total energy of the oscillating mass ?
mv2 2 2 Sol. (a) Speed v =  A 2  x 2  2v A 2  x 2

Fc = = 4 v mr
r
= 2 × 3.14 × 3.2 (0.02) 2  ( 0.01) 2
If k is the spring constant of the spring,
F = kl = 0.35 m/s (as v = 3.2, A = 0.02 m, x = –0.01 m)
F 4 2 v 2 mr (b) PE of the mass when it momentarily comes to rest (at the

or k=  extreme position), i.e.,
l l
4  9.87  (5) 2  2  0.4 1 1

U0 = m2 A 2  m(2v)2A2 = 22mv2A2
or k= 2 2
0.05
2 2
4
= 15792 N/m = 1.6 × 10 N/m = 2 × 9.87 × 3 × (3.2) × (0.02) = 0.24 J
Example - 15 (c) Total energy of the oscillating mass (E) = its potential energy
at the extreme position (U0) = 0.24 J
A spring of force constant 1200 N/m is mounted on a
horizontal table as shown in Figure. A mass of 3.0 kg, Example - 17
attached to the free end of spring, is pulled sideways to a In above problem, let us take the position of the mass
distance of 2.0 cm and released. when the spring is unstretched as x = 0, and the direction
from left to right is the positive direction of X-axis. Give x
as a function of time t for the oscillating mass. If at the
moment we start the stop watch (t = 0) ; the mass is
(a) at the mean position
(b) at the maximum stretched position
Determine : (a) the frequency of oscillations,
(c) at the maximum compressed position.
(b) the maximum acceleration of the mass,
In what way do these different functions for SHM differ ?
(c) the maximum speed of the mass. Frequency ? Amplitude ? Or initial phase ?
Sol. For SHM along X-axis,

We know that, V =  a 2  y 2
x = Acos(t + 0) ...(i)
(a) When at t = 0, x = 0, Case (I) 4 =  a 2  32 ...(i)
0 = Acos( × 0 + 0)
Case (II) 3 =  a 2  4 2 ...(ii)
or cos 0 = 0 or 0 = – /2
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get
From eqn. (i), x = A cos(t – /2) = A sin t
or x = 2 sin (20 t) 2
4  a 9 16 a 2  9
–1  or 9  a 2  16
(as A = 2 cm,  = 2v = 2 × 3.142 × 3.2 = 20 s ) 3  a 2  16
(b) When at t = 0, x = A, 2 2 2
or 16 a – 256 = 9 a – 81 or 7 a = 256 – 81 = 175
A = Acos( × 0 + 0)
2 175
or cos 0 = –1 or 0 = 0 or a = = 25 or a = 25 = 5
7
From eqn. (i) x = A cos t = 2cos (20t)
Substituting it in (i), we get
(c) When at t = 0, x = –A,
–A = Acos( × 0 + 0) 4 =  52  32   25  9 =  × 4
–1
or cos 0 = – 1 or 0 =  or w = 4/4 = 1 rad s
From eqn. (i), x = Acos(t + ) When the particle is at a distance 2.5 m from the extreme
= –A cos t position, then its distance from the mean position,
or x = –2cos(20 t) x = 5 – 2.5 = 2.5 m
Example - 18 Since, the time is to be noted from the extreme postion for
A spring compressed by 0.1 m develops a restoring force SHM therefore, we shall use the relation
10 N. A body of mass 4 kg is placed on it. Deduce (i) the x = a cos t
force constant of the spring (ii) the depression of the spring
2.5 1 
under the weight of the body (take g = 10 N/kg) and (iii) the or 2.5 = 5 cos 1 × t = 5 cos t or cos t =   cos
5 2 3
period of oscillation, if the body is disturbed.
 22
Sol. Here, F = 10 N ;  l = 0.1 m ; m = 4 kg or t = 3  7  3 = 1.048 s.
F 10 –1 Example - 20
(i) k = = = 100 Nm
l 0.1 A simple harmonic oscillation is represented by the
equation y = 0.40 sin (440 t + 0.61) here, y and t are in m
mg 4 10 and s respectively. What are the values of (i) amplitude
(ii) y =  = 0.4 m
k 100 (ii) angular frequency (iii) frequency of oscillations
(iv) time period of oscillations and (v) initial phase ?
m 22 4
(iii) T = 2 =2× = 1.26 s Sol. The given equation is y = 0.40 sin (440 t + 0.61)
k 7 100
Comparing it with the equation of SHM y = a sin (t + 0)
Example - 19
We have, (i) Amplitude, a = 0.40 m
A particle executing SHM along a st. line has a velocity of
–1
4 ms , when at a distance of 3 m from its mean position (ii) Angular frequency,  = 440 Hz
–1
and 3 ms , when at a distance of 4 m from it. Find the time  440
it takes to travel 2.5 m from the positive extremity of its (iii) Frequency of oscillations, v = 2  2  22 / 7 = 70 Hz.
oscillation.
1 1
–1 (iv) Time period of oscillations, T =  = 0.0143
Sol. Here (case i), V1 = 4 ms ; y1 = 3m ; v 70
–1
(case ii), V2 = 3 ms ; y2 = 4m. (v) Initial phase angle, 0 = 0.61 rad.
Example - 21 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
A particle executes SHM of time period 10 s. The Sol. K.E. = m (a –y ) and P.E. = my
2 2
displacement of particle at any instant is given by the
relation x = 10 sin t (in cm). (i) Find the velocity of body 1 2 2 2 1 2 2
2 s after it passes through the mean position and (ii) the As, K.E. = P.E.  m (a –y ) = m  y
2 2
acceleration 2 s after it passes the mean position.
2 2 2 2 2
or a – y = y or y = a /2 or y = a/ 2 = 0.71 a
2 2 –1
Sol. Here ; T = 10 s ;  =  rad/s ; amplitude, r = 10 cm. Example - 24
T 10
A mass of 1 kg is executing SHM which is given by,
Velocity of the particle at any instant t is given by V = r  cos t
x = 6.0 cos (100 t + /4) cm. What is the maximum kinetic
2  2  energy ?
(i) When t = 2 s, V = 10 × cos   2  = 2  cos (0.4 ) =
10  10  Sol. Here, m = 1 kg.
1.942 cm/s.
The given equation of SHM is x = 6.0 cos (100 t + /4)
(ii) Acceleration at any time t is given by
Comparing it with the equation of SHM x = a cos (t + ),
2 –1
2  2   2  2 we have, a = 6.0 cm = 6/100 m and  = 100 rad s
A = – r sin t = –   × 10 × sin   2  = –3.754 cm/s
 10   10 
2
1 2
In fact, the acceleration is 3.754 cm/s and is directed towards Max. kinetic energy = m(Vmax)
2
the mean position.
2
Example - 22 1 2 1  6 
= m(a) = × 1 ×  100  = 18 J
A particle executes simple harmonic motion with a time 2 2  100 
period of 16 s. At time t = 2 s, the particle crosses the mean
–1 Example - 25
position while at t = 4 s, its velocity is 4 ms . Find its
amplitude of motion. An 8 kg body performs SHM of amplitude 30 cm. The
restoring force is 60 N, when the displacement is 30 cm.
Sol. Here, T = 16 s ; At t = 2 s, y = 0 and at t = 4 s ; Find (a) time period (b) the acceleration, P.E and K.E., when
–1
displacement is 12 cm.
V = 4 ms ; a = ?
2 Sol. Here, m = 8 kg ; a = 30 cm = 0.30 m ;
For simple harmonic motion, y = a sin t = a sin t
T (a) F = 60 N ; y = 0.30 m
When t = 4 s, the time taken by particle to travel from the
F 60
mean position to a given position = 4 – 2 = 2 s. The F = ky or k = y  0.30 = 200 Nm
–1
displacement,
 2   a k 200
y = a sin   2  = a sin   ...(i) As  =  = 5 rad/s
–1
 16  4 2 m 8
Velocity, V =  a 2  y 2
2 2  22 44
Time period, T =   7  5  35 = 1.256 s
 2  2 2  a
 4 =   a a / 2  
 16  8 2 (b) Here, y = 12 cm = 0.12 m
2 2 –2
32 2  Acceleration, A =  y = (5) × 0.12 = 3.0 ms
or a= = 14.4 m.
 1 2 1 2
P.E. = ky = × (200) × (0.12) = 1.44 J
Example - 23 2 2
A particle executes SHM of amplitude a. At what distance
from the mean position is its K.E. equal to its P.E. ? 1 2 2 1 2 2
K.E. = k (a – y ) = × 200 × [(0.30) – (0.12) ] = 7.56 J
2 2
–1
Example - 26 Sol. (a) Here m = 200 g = 0.2 kg, k = 90 Nm
Two identical springs of spring constant k are attached to k 90 –1 –1
a block of mass m and to fixed supports as shown in Figure.   = 450 Nm kg
m 0.2
Show that when the mass is displaced from its equilibrium
position on either side, it executes a simple harmonic
b2 (0.04) 2
motion. Find the period of oscillation.  2 –2
4m 2 4  (0.2) 2 = 0.01 kg s
m
k k k b2 k b2 k
As,  , therefore, ’ =  
m 4m 2 m 4m 2 m
2 m 22 0.2
T=  2  2  0.3 s.
' k 7 90
Sol. Let the mass m be displaced by a small distance x to the (b) If T is the time, when amplitude drops to half value then
right as shown in Figure. Due to it, the spring on the left amplitude of the damped oscillations at time t is
–bt/2m
hand side gets stretched by length x and the spring on the a = x0 e
right hand side gets compressed by length x. The forces when t = T, a = x0/2
acting on the mass due to springs are
F1 = – kx towards left hand side x0 –bT/2m
 = x0 e
F2 = – kx towards left hand side 2
bT/2m bT
or 2=e or log e 2 =
F1 F2 2m
2m 2.3026  2m
or T= loge2 = log102
b b
2.3026  2  0.2  0.3010

x =
0.04
Therefore, total restoring force on mass m is
= 6.93 s.
F = F1 + F2 = – kx + (– kx) = –2 kx ...(i)
(c) If T’ is the time, when mechanical energy drops to half its
Here –ve sign shows that force F is directed towards the
mechanical energy E0, then mechanical energy E of the
equilibrium position O and F  x. Therefore, if the mass m is
damped oscillations at an instant t is given by
left free, it will execute linear SHM.
–bt/m
E = E0 e
Comparing (i) with the relation, F = – kx, we have Spring
factor, K = 2 k E0 –bT’/m
When t = T’, E = E0/2 then = E0e
Here, interia factor = mass of the block = m 2
bT’/m
or 2=e
inertia factor m
As time period, T = 2  2
spring factor 2k bT '
or loge2 =
Example - 27 m
For the damped oscillator shown in Figure, the mass m of m

–1
the block is 200 g, k = 90 Nm and the damping constant b or T’ = 2.3026 log102 ×
–1
b
is 40 gs . Calculate (a) the period of oscillation, (b) time
taken for its amplitude of vibrations to drop to half of its 0.2
initial value and (c) the time taken for its mechanical energy or T’ = 2.3026 × 0.3010 × = 3.46 s.
0.04
to drop to half its initial value.
WAVES (a) The reflected sound is travelling in air.
Example - 28 Therefore if a is the wavelength of the reflected wave,
An observer standing at the sea coast observes 54 waves a 340 m / s

a   –4
reaching the coast per minute. If the wavelength of the v 106 s 1 = 3.4 × 10 m
wave is 10m, find the speed. What types of waves did he
observe? Explain (b) Further, the transmitted wave is travelling through water
Sol. Since 54 waves reach the coast in 1 min (i.e., 60 s), and as such wavelength of the transmitted wave, i.e.,
54 w 1486 m / s
w   –3
= 1.49 × 10 m
frequency of the waves, i.e., v = = 0.9 Hz v 106 s 1
60
As  = 10 m, speed of the waves Example - 31
2
v =   = (0.9 × 10) m/s = 9 m/s A travelling harmonic wave on a string is described by :
The waves are transverse. Strictly speaking, these waves y = 7.5 sin (0.0050 x + 12t + /4)
are ripples, which are neither entirely transverse nor (a) What are the displacement and velocity of oscillation
longitudinal. This is due to the reason that the water particles of a point at x = 1 cm and t = 1 a ? Is this speed equal to
while moving up and down, also move back and forth the speed of wave propagation ?
horizontally. Thus, water waves are wrongly classified as (b) Locate the points of the string which have the same
transverse waves. transverse displacements and velocity as the x = 1 cm
Example - 29 point at t = 2 s, 5 s, 11 s.
How far does the sound travel in air when a tuning fork of
Sol. We are given that
frequency 560 Hz makes 30 vibrations ? Given speed of
sound in air = 336 m/s. y = 7.5 sin (0.0050 x + 12t + /4) ...(i)
(a) At x = 1 cm and t = 1 s, displacement,
Sol. Here, speed of sound in air,
y = 7.5 sin (0.0050 × 1 + 12 × 1 + /4)
v = 336 m/s
or y = 7.5 sin (12.7904 rad)
frequency of the tuning fork, v= 560 Hz
Time taken to complete 30 vibrations, i.e.,  180 
or y = 7.5 sin 12.7904  
  
30 3
t=  s = 7.5 sin 732.83°
560 56
y = 7.5 sin (720° + 12.83°)
Distance travelled by sound,
= 7.5 sin 12.83°
 3  or y = (7.5 × 0.2215) cm = 1.666 cm
s = vt = (336 m/s)  s  = 18 m
 56  Speed of oscillation at a point,
Example - 30
dy
A bat emits ultrasonic sound of frequency 1000 kHz in air. vp 
dt
If this sound meets a water surface, what is the wavelength
of : (a) the reflected sound (b) the transmitted sound ? or v p = 7.5 × 12 × cos (0.0050 x + 12t + /4)
Speed of sound in air = 340 m/s and in water = 1486 m/s.
= 90 cos (0.0050 x + 12t + /4)
Sol. We are given that frequency of the ultrasonic sound, When x = 1 cm and t = 1 s,
6
v = 1000 kHz = 10 Hz v p = (90 cos 12.83°) cm/s
speed of sound in air, va = 340 m/s
= (90 × 0.9751) cm/s = 87.75 cm/s
speed of sound in water,
The general equation of the travelling harmonic wave
vw = 1486 m/s (travelling towards left) is
y = A sin [t + kx + 0] ...(ii) Sol. We are given that

Comparing eqns. (i) and (ii), we get frequency of the fundamental mode, v = 45 Hz
–2
A = 7.5 cm,  = 12 rad/s linear density of the wire,  = 4 × 10 kg/m
–2
k = 0.0050 rad/cm mass of the wire, M = 3.5 × 10 kg
Speed of wave propagation, Clearly, length of the wire,
–2 –2
L = M/ = (3.5 × 10 kg)/ (4 × 10 kg/m) = 0.875 m
 12 rad / s
v = k  0.0050 rad / cm = 2400 cm/s = – 24 m/s (a) When the string is vibrating in its fundamental mode,
L = /2
(Negative sign has been taken as the wave travels towards left)
or  = 2L = (2 × 0.875) m = 1.75 m
We thus find that vp (particle speed) is not equal to v (wave-
If v is the speed of transverse wave on the string,
speed*).
 = v = (45 × 1.75) m/s = 79 m/s
 2 2 (b) If T is the tension in the string,
(b) As k = ,   = 12.6 m
 k 0.0050
All points located at distances, x = n (where n = + 1, +2, + 3, ...) T 2
= or T =  
from the point x = 1 cm have the same displacement and velocity. 
Example - 32 or
2 –2
T = (79) (4 × 10 ) = 248 N
A uniform rope of length 12 m and mass 6 kg hangs
Example - 34
vertically from a rigid support. A block of mass 2 kg is
One end of a long string of linear mass d ensity
attached to the free end of the rope. A transverse pulse of –3
= 8.0 × 10 kg/m is connected to an electrically driven
wavelength 0.06 m is produced at the lower end of the
tuning fork of frequency 256 Hz. The other end passes
rope. What is the wavelength of the rope when it reaches
over a pulley and is tied to a pan containing a mass of
the top of the rope ?
90 kg. The pulley end absorbs all the incoming energy so
Sol. Tension at the lower end, T1 = 2 kg wt that reflected waves at this end have negligible amplitude.
Tension at the top end T2 = 2 kg wt + 6 kg wt = 8 kg wt At t = 0, the left end (fork end) of the string x = 0 has zero
transverse displacement (y = 0) and is moving along
Speed of the wave at the lower end,
positive y-direction. The amplitude of the wave is 5.0 cm.
1 = T1 /  Write down the transverse displacement y as a function
of x and t that describes this wave on the string.
Speed of the wave at the top end,
Sol. We are given that,
2 = T2 / 
tension in the string, T = (90 × 9.8) N = 882 N
mass per unit length of the string,
1 T1 2 1
Thus,   T  8  2
–3
 = 8.0 × 10 kg/m
2 2
frequency of the wave, v = 256 Hz
or 2 = 21 or v2 = 2 (v1) or 2 = 21
amplitude of the wave, A = 5.0 cm = 0.05 m
(as frequency remains the same) Since the wave propagation along the string is a transverse
As 1 = 0.06 m, travelling wave, the velocity of the wave is given by
2 = 2 (0.06 m) = 0.12 m
T 882 N 2
Example - 33 =  = 3.32 × 10 m/s
 8 103 kg / m
A wire stretched between two rigid supports vibrates in its
3
fundamental mode with a frequency of 45 Hz. The mass of Now,  = 2v = (2 × 3.14 × 256) rad/s = 1.61 × 10 rad/s
–2 –2
the wire is 3.5 × 10 kg and its linear density is 4 × 10 kg/m.
What is : (a) speed of a transverse wave on the string and   1.61103 rad / s
As v = k , k  
(b) the tension in the string ?  3.32 10 2 m / s = 4.84 rad/m
As the wave travels towards the positive direction of X- Example - 36

axis, the equation of the wave is : Calculate the speed of sound in a liquid of density
3 9 2
y = Asin(t – kx) 8000 kg/m and bulk modulus 2 × 10 N/m .
where x, y and A are in metres. Thus, 3
3
Sol. Here,  = 8000 kg/m
y = 0.05 sin (1.61 × 10 t – 4.84 x) 9 2
and B = 2 × 10 N/m
Example - 35
A uniform rope of mass 0.1 kg and length 2.45 m hangs B 2 109 N / m 2
Thus,  = 
from a ceiling.  8000 kg / m 3
(a) Find the speed of transverse wave in the rope at a point
= 500 m/s
0.5 m distant from the lower end.
Example - 37
(b) Calculate the time taken by a transverse wave to travel a 10
full length of the rope. For aluminium, the bulk modulus of elasticity is 7.5 × 10
2 3 3
N/m and density is 2.70 × 10 kg/m . Deduce the speed of
Sol. (a) If L is the length of the rope and m is its mass, then mass longitudinal waves in aluminium.
per unit length of the rope, i.e.,
Sol. We are given that
m 10 2 3
B = 7.5 × 10 N/m ,  = 2.7 × 10 kg/m
3
=
L
Tension at a point distant y from the lower end, i.e., B 7.5 1010 N / m 2
Thus,  = 
 2.70 103 kg / m3
T = weight of the rope of length y = yg
3
If  is the speed of the transverse wave set up in the rope, = 5.3 × 10 m/s.
Example - 38
yg
= T/   yg The prongs of a tuning fork A, originally in unison with

tuning fork B are filed. Now the tuning forks on being
When y = 0.5 m, sounded together produce 2 beats/s. What is frequency
of A after filing, if frequency of B is 250 Hz ?
= (0.5 m)(9.8 m / s 2 ) = 2.2 m/s
Sol. On filing, the frequency of tuning fork A increases.
dy dy dy
(b) As  = ,  yg or dt = The new frequency of A after filing
dt dt gy
= (250 + 2) Hz = 252 Hz
Integrating both sides within proper limits, we get
Example - 39
t L L
1 dy 1 1/ 2 A sitar wire and a tabla when sounded together give four
 dt 
0 g
0 y

g
y0
dy
beats/s. What do we conclude from this ? As the tabla
membrane is tightened, the beat rate may decrease or
L increase. Explain.
1  y1 / 2 
or t=  
g  (1/ 2)  0 Sol. Let v1 and v2 be the frequencies of the sitar wire and the
tabla membrane respectively. Since in this case 4 beats/s are
2 L heard,
= [ L  0]  2
g g v1 = v2 + 4
On tightening the tabla membrane, its frequency increases.
2.45 m Now there are two possibilities :
As L = 2.45 m, t = 2
9.8 m / s 2 (i) If v1 < v2, the number of beats increases on tightening the
membrane.
 1
or t =  2 4  s = 1 s (ii) If v1 > v2, the number of beats decreases on tightening the
  membrane.
Example - 40 Example - 42
A tuning fork of unknown frequency gives 4 beats/s. With Two travelling waves of equal amplitudes and equal
another fork of frequency 310 Hz, it gives the same number frequencies move in opposite directions along a string.
of beats/s when loaded with wax. Find the unknown They interfere to produce a standing wave having the
frequency. equation
y = A cos kx sin t
Sol. Let us name the tuning fork of unknown frequency as A and –1 –1
where A = 1.0 mm, k = 1.57 cm and  = 78.5 s
the tuning fork of known frequency i.e., 310 Hz as B. When
A and B are sounded together, 4 beats are heard per second. Find : (a) the velocity of the component waves (b) the
node closest to the origin (in the region x > 0) and (c) the
Thus, frequency of A, i.e.,v is either (310 + 4) Hz = 314 Hz
antinode closest to the origin (x > 0) and (d) the amplitude
or v = (310 – 4) Hz = 306 Hz of the particle at x = 2.33 cm.
In case, the frequency of A is 306 Hz, on loading it with wax,
Sol. (a) The standing wave is formed by the superposition of
its frequency decreases and may become 305 Hz, 304 Hz,
303 Hz etc. In that case, the number of beats given by it the waves y1 = (A/2) sin (t – kx) and
per second when sounded with B will be (310 – 305) = 5, y2 = A/2 sin (t + kx) as y = y1 + y2
(310 – 304) = 6, (310 – 303) = 7 etc. i.e., the number of beats/ The wave velocity (magnitude) of either wave, i.e.,
s is more than 4. Thus, v = 306 Hz.If v = 314 Hz, on loading
 78.5s 1
A with wax, its frequency may decrease to 306 Hz and then  = k  1.57 cm 1 = 50 cm/s
it will give (310 – 306) = 4 beats/s with B. Thus, the unknown
frequency is 314 Hz. (b) For a node, y = 0, i.e., cos kx = 0
Example - 41 
or kx = (for the smallest positive value of x)
Calculate the speed of sound in a gas in which two 2
wavelength 204 cm and 208 cm produce 20 beats in 6 second.
 / 2 3.14 / 2
Sol. Here, wavelength of one wave, 1 = 204 cm or x = k  1.57 cm 1 1cm
Wavelength of the second wave 2 = 208 cm (c) For an antinode, |cos kx| = 1
Let speed of sound in the gas =  cm/s or kx =  (for the smallest positive value of x)
Frequency of one wave = v0

Frequency of second wave = v2 or x = = 2 cm
k
Number of beats produced per second, (d) The amplitude of vibration of the particle at x is given by
|A cos kx|.
20
vb = For the given point (x = 2.33 cm),
6
amplitude = Acos kx = (1.0 mm)
As v1 – v2 = vb, –1
cos [(1.57 cm )(233 cm)]
  20    = (1.00 mm) cos (3.658 rad) = 0.875 mm
   as v1  and v 2  
204 208 6  1 2  [cos (3.658 rad) = cos (3.658 × 57°)
= cos 209° = cos (180° + 29°)
 (208  204) 20 = – cos 29° = –0.875
or 
204  208 6
= 0.875 in magnitude]
Example - 43
 20   204  208 
or    cm/s
 6  4  A 3.6 g string of a sonometer is 64 cm long. What should
be the tension in the string in order that it may vibrate in
= 35360 cm/s = 353.6 m/s 2 segments with a frequency of 256 Hz ?
Sol. Here, l = 64 cm = 0.64 m, (On shortening the length, the frequency of the wire
–3 –2
 = 3.6 × 10 kg/64 × 10 m = 5.6 × 10 kg/m,
–3 increases)
v1 = 256 Hz According to the law of length,
Since the string vibrates in 2 segments, vL = v’L’
v1 = 2v or v × 73 = (v + 3) (72.5) = 72.5 v + 217.5

or 73 v – 72.5 v = 217.5 or 0.5 v = 217.5
1 T v = 435 Hz
or 256 = 2 ×
2 
Example - 46
A string vibrates with a frequency 200 Hz. Its length is
1 T doubled and its tension is altered until it begins to vibrate
or 256 =
0.64 (5.6 103 ) with frequency 300 Hz. What is the ratio of the new tension
2 –3 to the original tension ?
or T = (256 × 0.64) (5.6 × 10 ) N = 150 N
Example - 44 Sol. Let v1 and v2 be the frequencies in the two cases and L1, L2
A wire of length 1.5 m is stretched by a force of 44 N. The and T1, T2 be respectively the corresponding lengths of the
3
diameter of the wire is 2 mm and its density is 1.4 g/cm . string and tensions under which it is vibrating.
Calculate the frequency of the fundamental note emitted
by it. 1 T1
v1 = ,
2L1 
Sol. With ususal notation, we are given that
L = 1.5 m, T = 44 N 1 T2
–3 v2 =
D = 2 mm = 2 × 10 m 2L2 
3 3
 = 1.4 g/cm = 1400 kg/m
(For the same string,  in both the cases remains same)
1 T
We know that v = v1 L 2 T1
LD  Thus, v  L T2
2 1
1 44
= 3
Hz 200 T
1.5(2 10 ) (22 / 7) 1400 or 2 1
300 T2
100
= Hz = 33.3 Hz. (as v1 = 200 Hz, v2 = 300 Hz and L2 = 2L1 or L2/L1 = 2)
3
Example - 45 2 T 4 T T
or  2 1 or  4 1 or 2  9
When the wire of a sonometer is 73 cm long, it is in 3 T2 9 T2 T1
resonance with a tuning fork. On shortening the wire by
Thus, the new tension is 9 times the original tension.
0.5 cm, it makes 3 beats with the same fork. Calculate the
frequency of the tuning fork. Example - 47
A wire of length 108 cm produces a fundamental note of
Sol. We are given that frequency 256 Hz, when stretched by a weight of 1 kg. By
L (original length of the wire) = 73 cm how much its length should be increased so that its pitch
L’ (shortened length of the wire) = (73 – 0.5) cm = 72.5 cm is raised by a major tone, if it is now stretched by a weight
of 4 kg ?
Let v be the frequency of the tuning fork.
This also is the frequency of the wire when its length is L as Sol. Case I. Frequency of the fundamental note, v = 256 Hz
it is then in resonance with the tuning fork. Let v’ be the length of the wire, L = 108 cm
frequency of the wire when its length is L’. Since it then
stretching force, T = 1 kg f
produces 3 beats/s with the tuning fork, v’ = v + 3
Case II. Frequency of the major tone emitted harmonics are present whereas in the case of a closed organ
pipe only odd harmonics are present.
9 9
i.e., v’ = v    256 Hz = 288 Hz Example - 49
8 8
Find the ratio of length of a closed pipe to that of the open
stretching force, T = 4 kg f pipe in order that the second overtone of the former is in
Let the length be increased by x. unison with fourth overtone of the latter.
Increased length of the wire, i.e.,
Sol. Let v and v’ be the fundamental frequencies of the open and
L’ = L + x = (108 + x) cm the closed pipes respectively of lengths L and L’.
1 T v v
Clearly, v = and v’ = ...(i)
As v = , 2L 4L '
2L 
where v is the speed of sound.
1 1kg f Second overtone of the closed pipe = 5v’
for Case I, 256 =
2 108  Fourth overtone of the open pipe = 5v
and for Case II, Since the two notes are to be in unison,
5v’ = 5v or v’ = v
1 4 kg f
288 = Thus, from eqns. (i) and (ii),
2  (108  x) 
v v
Dividing, we get 
4L ' 2L
256 108  x L' 2 1
 or 4L’ = 2L or   or L’ : L :: 1 : 2
288 108  4 L 4 2
Example - 50
8 108  x 108  x
or   or 972 + 9x = 1728 3
A brass rod (density 8.3 g/cm ), 3 m long is clamped at the
9 108  2 216
centre, It is excited to give longitudinal vibrations and the
frequency of the fundamental note is 600 Hz. Calculate the
756
or 9x = 1728 – 972 = 756 cm or x = = 84 cm velocity of sound in the rod and its Young’s modulus.
9
Thus, the length should be increased by 84 cm. Sol. Here, density of the brass rod,
3 3 3
 = 8.3 g/cm = 8.3 × 10 kg/m
Example - 48
A pipe of length 2L open at both ends has the same length of the rod, L = 3 m
frequency as another pipe of length L closed at one end. frequency of the note produced, v = 600 Hz
Prove this. Also state if the sounds will be identical for the Let the wavelength of vibration in the rod = 
two pipes.
As the rod is clamped at its centre, the centre is a node and
Sol. Fundamental frequency of open pipe of length 2L, i.e., free ends are antinodes.
Thus,  = 2 L = 6m
v v
v = 2  2L  4L ...(i) If speed of sound in brass is , then
Fundamental frequency of a closed pipe of length L, i.e.,  = v
3
v or = (600 Hz) (6 m) = 3.6 × 10 m/s
v’ = ...(ii) Let Young’s modulus of the material of the rod = Y
4L
From eqns. (i) and (ii), v = v’
As = Y/ ,
The sound (i.e., its quality) which depends upon the number 2
of harmonics and their relative intensities will not be the Y= ×
3 2 3 3 11 2
same in the two cases. In case of an open organ pipe, all the = (3.6 × 10 m/s) (8.3 × 10 kg/m ) = 1.1 × 10 N/m .
Example - 51 From eqns. (i) and (ii),

A steel rod 100 cm long is clamped at its middle. The 2 s v
fundamental frequency of longitudinal vibrations of the rod v’ – v’’ = (1 + s/)v – (1 – s/)v =

is given to be 2.53 kHz. What is the speed of sound in steel?
(v '  v '')v 3 340 m / s
or s = 
Sol. Here, length of the steel rod, L = 100 cm = 1m 2v 2  340 = 1.5 m/s
fundamental frequency of the longitudinal vibrations,
3
(as v’ – v’’ = 3,  = 340 m/s and v = 340 Hz)
v = 2.53 kHz = 2.53 × 10 Hz
Example - 53
If is the wavelength of the wave generated,
Consider a source moving towards an observer at the speed
/2 = L or = 2L = 2m of s = 0.95. Deduce the observed frequency if the original
Therefore, speed of sound in steel rod, i.e., is 500 Hz. (Think what would happen if s>. Jet planes
3
 = v = (2.53 × 10 )(2 m) moving faster than sound are now so common). Here, is
3
the speed of sound.
= 5.06 × 10 m = 5.06 km/s
Aliter : For a rod vibrating longitudinally, Sol. We are given that v = 500 Hz, s = 0.95 v.
fundamental frequency, Since the observer is at rest and the source is moving towards
the observer, the apparent frequency,
v
v=
2L       500
or
3 –1
= 2vL = 2 (2.53 × 10 s )(1 m) v’ =      v     0.95   500 =
 s    0.05
3
or = 5.06 × 10 m/s = 5.06 km/s
or v’ = 10,000 Hz
Example - 52
If s >(–s) is negative and as such v’ is negative which
Two tuning forks with natural frequencies of 340 Hz each
has no meaning. Thus, Doppler formula is applicable so
move relative to a stationary observer. One fork moves
long as the velocity of the source does not exceed the
away from the observer while the other moves towards
velocity of the wave. In case of jet planes which move with
him at the same speed. The observer hears beats of
speed greater than the sound, a shock wave is formed whose
frequency 3 Hz. Find the speed of the tuning fork. Speed
wavefront is a cone with the plane at its apex. The semi-
of sound in air = 340 m/s. –1
vertical angle of the cone is sin (/s)
Sol. Let s be the speed of source and  be that of the sound Example - 54
waves. Let v be the frequency of the tuning fork. If v’ is its What is the speed of the observer for whom a note is
apparent frequency when it moves towards the stationary 10 per cent lower than the emitted frequency ?
observer,
Sol. As the apparent frequency (v’) is less than emitted frequency
   1 (v), the observer must move away from the source.
v’ =  (   )  v  (1   / ) v = (1 – S/) v
–1
 S  S
If is the speed of sound and o that of the observer, then
Applying binomial theorem (as S/ < 1), we get   o
v’ = v
 s  
v’ = 1  v ...(i) As the apparent frequency is 10% lower than the emitted
  
frequency,
If v’’ is the apparent frequency of the tuning fork when it
moves away from the stationary source, 10 90
v’ = v – v v = 0.9 v
100 100
   1
v’’ =     v v –1
   o     o 
 s  (1  S
/ ) = (1 + s/) v or 0.9 v =  v or 0.9 =  
     
Applying binomial theorem (since s/< 1), we get or 0.9  = –0 or 0 = – 0.9 = 0.1 
v’’ = (1 – s/)v ...(ii) Thus, speed of the observer is (1/10)th of the speed of sound.
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Derivation of equation of SHM 5. For the two curves choose the correct option.
1. Which of the following equations does not represent a simple
harmonic motion ?
(a) y = a sin  t
(b) y = b cos  t
(c) y = a sin  t + b cos  t
(d) y = a tan  t (a) (Amplitude)A > (Amplitude)B
2. A particle of mass 0.1 kg is executing SHM of amplitude 0.1 m. (b) (Time period)A > (Time period)B
When the particle passes through the mean position, its (c) Both (a) and (b) are correct
–3
K.E. is 8 × 10 J. The equation of motion of the particle,
o (d) Both (a) and (b) are incorrect
when the initial phase of oscillation is 45 , is
6. The phase difference between x1 = A sin t and x2 = A cos
(a) y = 0.1 cos (3 t + /4) (b) y = 0.1 sin (3 t + /4)
t is :
(c) y = 0.1 sin (4 t + /4) (d) y = 0.1 cos (4 t + /4)
(a) /2 (b) 4
3. The displacement of a particle is represented by the equation:
(c) /3 (d) /6
 
y = 3 cos   2t  Phase, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Kinetic, Potential
4 
Energy as a time and positon
The motion of the particle is :
7. A particle is performing S.H.M. along X-axis with amplitude
(a) simple harmonic with period 2/
4 cm and time period 1.2 sec. The minimum time taken by the
(b) simple harmonic with period / particle to move from x = + 2 cm to x = + 4 cm and back again
(c) periodic but not simple harmonic is given by
(d) non-periodic (a) 0.6 s (b) 0.4 s
4. Match the following columns for expression x(t) = A cos (c) 0.3 s (d) 0.2 s
(t + ).
8. The displacement of an oscillating particle varies with time
Column-I Column-II
 t 1
(A) (t + ) 1. Amplitude (in seconds) according to the equation y = sin   ,
2 2 3
(B)  2. Phase
(C) A 3. Angular frequency wher y is in cm. The maximum acceleration of the particle is
approximately
(D)  4. Phase constant
–2 –2
(a) 0.62 cm s (b) 1.81 cm s
Choose the correct option regarding above columns from
–2 –2
the codes given below. (c) 3.62 cm s (d) 5.2 cm s
Codes 9. The kinetic energy of a particle executing S.H.M. is 16 J
A B C D when it is in its mean position. If the amplitude of oscillations
(a) 2 1 3 4 is 25 cm and the mass of the particle is 5.12 kg, the time
period of its oscillation in second is
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 4 2 1 3 (a) /5 (b) 2 
(d) 4 2 3 1 (c) 5  (d) 20 

10. Two pendulums of time period 3 s and 8 s respectively starts (a) I, III (b) II, III
oscillating simultaneously from two opposite extreme (c) I, IV (d) II, IV
positions. After how much time they will be in the same
16. The potential energy of a harmonic oscillation of mass 2 kg
phase ?
in its mean position is 5 J. If its total energy is 9 J and its
24 12 amplitude is 0.01 m, its time period of oscillation will be
(a) s (b) s
5 5 (a) (/10) s (b) (/20) s
24 12 (c) (/50) s (d) (/100) s
(c) s (d) s
11 11 17. A mass m is performing linear simple harmonic motion, then
11. The force constant of a weightless spring is 16 N/m. A body which of the following graph represents correctly the variation
of mass 1.0 kg suspended from it is pulled down through of acceleration a corresponding to linear velocity v ?
5 cm and then released. The maximum kinetic energy of the v2 v2
system (spring + body) will be
–2 –2
(a) 2 × 10 J (b) 4 × 10 J
–2 –2 (a) (b)
(c) 8 × 10 J (d) 16 × 10 J
12. The time taken by a particle executing S.H.M. of period T to a2 a2
move from the mean position to half the maximum v2 v2
displacement is
(a) T/2 (b) T/4
(c) (d)
(c) T/8 (d) T/12
13. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion with a2 a2
frequency f. The frequency at which its kinetic energy 18. The relation between acceleration and displacement of four
changes into potential energy is particles are given below :
2
(a) f/2 (b) f (a) ax = + 2x (b) ax = + 2x
2
(c) 2 f (d) 4 f (c) ax = – 2x (d) ax = – 2x
14. A particle executes simple harmonic motion between x = –A which one of the particles is executing simple harmonic
and x = + A. The time taken for it to go from 0 to A/2 is T1 and motion ?
to go from A/2 to A is T2. Then 19. A particle executing SHM has a maximum speed of 30 cm/s
2
(a) T1 < T2 (b) T1 > T2 and a maximum acceleration of 60 cm/s . The period of
(c) T1 = T2 (d) T1 = 2 T2 oscillation is :
15. For a particle executing simple harmonic motion, the 
displacement x is given by x = A sin t. Identify the graph, (a)  s (b) s
2
Figure which represents the variation of potential energy
(PE) as a function of time t and displacement x 
(c) 2 s (d) s
4
II
A
Energy
20. A block is left from x = + A, its speed at x  is

2
t ( = 2 rad/s).
Energy
III IV
(a) (3A) m/s (b) ( 3A) m/ s
x (c) (2A) m/s (d) ( 2A) m/ s

–A +A
21. For a particle in SHM, if the amplitude of the displacement Spring Block Oscillation
is a and the amplitude of velocity is v the amplitude of 27. A force of 6.4 N stretches a vertical spring by 0.1 m. The
acceleration is : mass that must be suspended from the spring so that it
oscillates with a period of (/4) second is
v2
(a) va (b) (a) (/4) kg (b) 1 kg
a
(c) () kg (d) 10 kg
v2 v 28. A mass of 1 kg attached to the bottom of a spring has a
(c) (d) certain frequency of vibration. The following mass has to
2a a
be added to it in order to reduce the frequency by half.
22. The displacement of an object attached to a spring and
–2
(a) 1 kg (b) 2 kg
executing simple harmonic motion is given by x = 2×10
(c) 3 kg (d) 4 kg
cos t m. The time at which the maximum speed first occurs
is : 29. Two bodies M and N of equal masses are suspended from
two separate massless springs of spring constant k1 and k2
(a) 0.5 s (b) 0.75 s respectively. If the two bodies oscillate vertically such that
(c) 0.125 s (d) 0.25 s their maximum velocities are equal, the ratio of the amplitude
23. What is the ratio of maximum acceleration to the maximum of M to that of N is
velocity of a simple harmonic oscillator ? (a) k1/ k2 (b) k1 / k 2
(a)  (b) /2
(c) k2 / k1 (d) k 2 / k1
(c) 1/ (d) 2
24. If a conservative force is acting on a system in SHM. The 30. The period of oscillation of a mass m suspended from a
total mechanical energy is : spring is 2 seconds. If along with it another mass of 2 kg is
also suspended, the period of oscillation increases by one
(a) time dependent second. The mass m will be
(b) position dependent (a) 2 kg (b) 1 kg
(c) amplitude dependent (c) 1.6 kg (d) 2.6 kg
(d) Both (a) and (c) are correct Direction for questions 31 to 33
25. The expression for displacement of an object in SHM is x A spring with a spring constant 1200 N/m is mounted on a
T horizontal table as shown in figure. A mass of 3 kg is
= A cos (t). The potential energy at t  is :
4 attached to the free end of the spring. Then, the mass is
pulled sideways to a distance of 2.0 cm and released.
1 2 1 2
(a) kA (b) kA
2 8
1 2
(c) kA (d) zero
4 31. The frequency of oscillation is :
–1 –1
26. A body executes simple harmonic motion. The potential (a) 1.5 s (b) 3.2 s
energy (PE), the kinetic energy (KE) and total energy (TE) (c) 4 s
–1
(d) 2.3 s
–1
are measured as function of displacement x. Which of the 32. Maximum acceleration of the mass is :
following statements is true ? 2 2
(a) 20 m/s (b) 8 m/s
(a) KE is maximum when x = 0 (c) 15 m/s
2
(d) 13/5 m/s
2
(b) TE is zero when x = 0 33. Maximum speed of the mass is :

(c) KE is maximum when x is maximum (a) 0.2 m/s (b) 0.6 m/s
(d) PE is maximum when x = 0 (c) 0.8 m/s (d) 0.4 m/s

34. In the figure shown below, the block is moved sideways

T2
by a distance A. The |net force| on the block is : (a) T1 
2
T1
(b) T2  T
2
(a) (k1 – k2) A (b) (k2 – k1) A (c) T1 = T2

(c) (k1 + k2) A (d) None of the above (d) Cannot establish the relation between them
35. A block is in SHM on a frictionless surface as shown in 38. If the block is pulled by a distance x and left, the block will
the figure. The position x = 0 shows the unstretched start oscillating. The value of x, so that at a moment when
position of the spring. speed of the block become zero the spring become
unstretched.
Choose the correct option with reference to the above

system.
(a) +A and –A are maximum displacements where, A is
amplitude
(a) mg/2k (b) 2k/mg
(b) x = 0 indicate the equilibrium position
(c) mg/k (d) 2mg/k
(c) The block executes to and fro motion about the mean
39. Two identical springs are connected in series and parallel
position, when pulled aside and released
as shown in the figure. If fs and fp are frequencies of series
(d) All of the above
fs
36. The time period of a spring mass system shown below is and parallel arrangements, what is ?
fp
equal to :
2m m
(a) 2 (b) 2
k 4k
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
2 2 m
(c) (d) None of these (c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 1
k
Angular SHM
37. There are two springs mass systems as shwon in the 40. A man measures time period of a simple pendulum inside a
figures. Resistive forces are absent everywhere. Let the stationary lift and find it to be T. If the lift starts accelerating
time periods of two systems are T1 and T2. The relation upwards with an acceleration g/4, then the time period of
between T1 and T2 is : pendulum will be
2T 5T
(a) (b)
5 2
5 2
(c) (d)
2T 5T
41. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping, Figure. Direction for Questions 44 to 47
When the displacement of the bob is less than maximum, its Answer the following questions on the basis of given

acceleration vector a is correctly shown in figure and information.
(a) (b)
a
a
The bob of the simple pendulum is displaced by an angle
 and left for swinging.
44. Here, tension in the string (T) at extreme ... A ... . Here, A
refers to
(c) (d) (a) mg (b) mg cos 
a (c) mg sin  (d) zero
a
45. The torque about point of suspension due to mg sin  is
42. If we do an experiment by swinging a small ball by a thread equal to
of length 100 cm, what will be the approximate time for
(a) –L (mg cos ) (b) L(mg cos )
complete to and fro periodic motion ?
(c) –L(mg sin ) (d) L(mg tan )
(a) 4s (b) 2s
46. The angular acceleration  is equal to :
(c) 6s (d) 1s
43. Match the following columns for a simple pendulum. mgL mgL sin 
(a) tan  (b)
I I
mgL cos  mgL cos 

(c) (d)
I I
Here, I is the moment of inertia of the simple pendulum.
47. If ‘’ is small and calculated in radians, then angular
Column-I Column-II acceleration  is proportional to
(A) m 1. Length of the simple pendulum (a) – cot  (b) cosec 
(B) point p 2. Angular displacement
1
(C) L 3. Pivoted point (c)  (d) –
2
(D)  4. Mass of the bob
Direction for Questions 48 & 49
Choose the correct option regarding above column form
the codes given below. Answer the following questions on the basis of given
figure.
Codes :
A B C D
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 4 2 1 3
(d) 4 3 1 2
48. In simple pendulum, the torque due to mg cos  about O Miscellaneous SHM problems
is: 54. Four simple harmonic motions ; x 1 = 8 sin t ; x2 = 6 sin
(a) (mgl) (b) (mg sin ) l (t + /2) ; x3 = 4 sin (t + ) and x4 = 2 sin (t + 3 /2) are
superimposed on each other. The resulting amplitude and
(c) (mg cos ) l (d) zero
its phase difference with x1 are respectively
49. In the previous question, the tension at the equilibrium –1
(a) 20, tan (1/2) (b) 4 2 , /2
position is
–1
(a) greater than mg (b) less than mg (c) 20, tan (2) (d) 4 2 , /4
(c) equal to mg (d) information insufficient 55. The displacement equation of a particle is
50. A simple pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a lift. x = 3 sin 2 t + 4 cos 2 t
When the lift is at rest its time period is T. With what The amplitude and maximum velocity will be respectively
acceleration should the lift be accelerated upwards in order (a) 5, 10 (b) 3, 2
to reduce its period to T/2? (g is acceleration due to
(c) 3, 4 (d) 4, 2
gravity).
56. The displacement of a particle varies with time according to
(a) 2g (b) 3g the relation : y = asin t + bcos t.
(c) 4g (d) g Choose the correct statement.
51. A simple pendulum has a time period T1 when on the Earth’s (a) The motion is oscillatory but not SHM.
surface and T2 when taken to a height 2R above the Earth’s (b) The motion is SHM with amplitude (a + b).
surface, where R is the radius of the Earth. The value of 2 2
(c) The motion is SHM with amplitude (a + b )
(T1/T2) is :
(a) 1/9 (b) 1/3 (d) The motion is SHM with amplitude a 2  b2 .
(c) 3 (d) 9 57. A block of mass 1 kg hangs without vibrating at the end of
a spring whose force constant is 200 N/m and which is
52. A hollow sphere is filled with water through the small hole attached to the ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is rising
in it. It is then hung by a long thread and made to oscillate. with an upward acceleration of g/3 when the acceleration
As the water slowly flow out of the hole at the bottom, the suddenly ceases. The angular frequency of the block after
period of oscillation will : the aceceleration ceases is
(a) continuously decrease (a) 13 rad/s (b) 14 rad/s
(b) continuously increase (c) 15 rad/s (d) None of these
(c) first decrease then increase 58. A body is moving in a room with a velocity of 20 m/s
(d) first increase then decrease perpendicular to the two walls separated by 5 m. There is no
frictrion and the collisions with the walls are elastic. The
53. What is the velocity of the bob of a simple pendulum at its motion of the body is
mean position, if it is able to rise to vertical height of 10
–2 (a) not periodic
cm? (g = 9.8 ms ).
(b) periodic but not simple harmonic
(c) periodic and simple harmonic
(d) periodic with variable time period
59. A particle of mass m moving along the x-axis has a potential
2
energy U(x) = a + bx where a and b are positive constants.
It will execute simple harmonic motion with a frequency
detemined by the value of
(a) 2.2 ms
–1
(b) 1.8 ms
–1 (a) b alone (b) b and a alone
(c) 1.4 ms
–1
(d) 0.6 ms
–1 (c) b and m alone (d) b, a and m alone
60. A metre stick swinging in vertical plane about a fixed 63. The net force acting on the block of mass m is :
horizontal axis passing through its one end undergoes small
(a) kx – bv (b) –kx – bv
oscillation of frequency f0. If the bottom half of the stick
were cut off, then its new frequency of small oscillation (c) –kx + bv (d) None of these
would become. (here, x is the displacement of the block and v is the velocity
of the block, k is spring constant and b is damping
constant.)
64. The expression for the motion of block can be represented
as :
d2 x dx
(a) m 2
b  kx  0
dt dt
(a) f0 (b) 2 f0
dx d2 x
(b) m  b 2  kx  0
(c) 2f0 (d) 2 2 f 0 dt dt
61. A physical pendulum is positioned so that its centre of d2 x dx
gravity is above the suspension point. When the pendulum (c) m b  kx  0
dt 2 dt
is released it passes the point of stable equilibrium with an
angular velocity . The period of small oscillations of the d2 x dx
pendulum is (d) m b  kx  0
dt 2 dt
4 2 65. The solution of second order differential equation
(a) (b)
 
d2x dx
m 2
b   kx can be written as:
  dt dt
(c) (d)
 2
(a) x(t)  Ae b/2t cos ( ' t  )
Direction for questions 62 to 67
Answer these questions on the basis of given information. (b) x(t)  Ae bt /m cos ( ' t  )
(c) x(t)  Ae bt /2m cos ( ' t  )
(d) None of the above

Here, A is maximum amplitude of the block and
k b2
'  
m 4m 2
A vertical spring block system is attached to a vane that in
turn submerged in a viscous liquid as shown in the figure. 66. Choose the correct option regarding the expression
The spring-block system oscillates in the vertical direction
x(t)  Ae bt /2m cos ( ' t  ) .
with the vane moving up and down in the viscous liquid.
The liquid exert a viscous force on the vane and the
k b2 b
mechanical energy of the spring-block system converts Here,  '   , is much less than 1
m 4m 2 km
into thermal energy of liquid and vane. Here, we assume
that vane is moving slowly (vane is small metal piece in T (a) x(t) is strictly periodic
shape). (b) x (t) is approximately periodic
62. The drag force on the vane is directly proportional to: (c) amplitude of damped oscillation represented by above
(a) velocity of vane (b) displacement of vane expression is constant
(c) spring constant (d) mass of the block (d) None of the above
67. Match the following columns of damped oscillations Column-I Column-II

 bt /2m
expressed by x(t)  Ae cos ( ' t  ) , where (A) a denotes 1. angular frequency of the wave
(B)  denotes 2. angular wave number
k b2
'   (C) k denotes 3. amplitude of the wave
m 4m 2
(D)  denotes 4. Initial phase angle at x = 0, t = 0
Column-I Column-II
Codes
(A) b = 0 means 1. Small damping
A B C D
1 2  bt /m (a) 3 2 4 2
(B) kA e equals 2. Amplitude
2
(b) 3 2 1 4
b (c) 3 1 2 4
(C) If  1 means 3. No damping
km (d) 4 1 2 3
4. Total mechanical energy 71. The minimum distance between the two points having the
Choose the correct option regarding above columns. Form same phase is :
the codes given below (a) wavelength of the wave
Codes (b) amplitude of the wave
A B C (c) wave number
(a) 3 2 1 (d) frequency of the wave
(b) 1 2 3 72. A wave equation is given by
(c) 3 4 1
  t x 1 
(d) 3 4 2 y  4 sin       
  5 9 6 
Waves
where, x is in cm and t is in seconds. The wavelength of
Wave Parameter
the wave is:
68. A string of 5.5 m length has a mass 0.035 kg. If the tension in
(a) 18 cm (b) 9 cm
the string is 77 N, then the speed of wave on the string is :
(c) 36 cm (d) 6 cm
(a) 77 m/s (b) 102 m/s
73. The distance travelled by the wave pattern in the time
(c) 110 m/s (d) 164 m/s
required for one full oscillation by any constituent of the
69. The equation which represents a sinusoidal (harmonic)
medium is equal to :
wave travelling along the positive direction of the X-axis
is : (a) wavelength of the wave
(a) y (x, t) = a sin (kx – t + ) (b) amplitude of the wave
(b) y (x, t) = a sin (kx + t + ) (c) wave number of the wave
(c) y (x, t) = a sin (kx + t) (d) both (a) and (b)
(d) y (x, t) = a sin (t + kx) 74. The equation of progressive wave is
70. A sinusoidal travelling wave is described by y (x, t) = a sin  t x 

y  0.2sin 2    , where x and y are in metres
(kx – t + ), where y(x, t) is the displacement as a function  0.01 0.3 
of position x and time t. and t is in seconds. The velocity of propagation of the
With reference to the above equation, match the items in wave is :
Column-I with terms in Column-II and choose the correct (a) 30 ms
–1
(b) 40 ms
–1
option from the codes given below. –1 –1

(c) 300 ms (d) 400 ms
75. A long string having mass density as 0.01 kg/m is 80. The position of anti-nodes is given by the equation,
subjected to a tension of 64 N. The speed of the transverse
wave on the string is:  1
(a) x   n   ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
(a) 100 ms
–1
(b) 120 ms
–1  2 2
–1 –1
(c) 80 ms (d) 90 ms
n
Standing Wave on Stretched String (b) x  ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
2
76. A standing wave consisting of 3 nodes and 2 antinodes is
formed between the two atoms having a distance of 1.21 Å (2n  1)
(c) x  ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
between them. The wavelength of the standing wave is : 2
(a) 1.21 Å (b) 2.42 Å (d) x = (2n + 1); n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
(c) 6.05 Å (d) 3.63 Å 81. The distance between any two consecutive anti-nodes is
77. A string is stretched between fixed points separated by 75.0 cm. (a)  (b) /2
It is observed to have resonant frequencies of 420 Hz and
(c) 3/2 (d) 2
315 Hz. There are no other resonant frequencies between
82. Column-I has figures showing different modes of
these two. Then the lowest resonance frequency for this
oscillation of the system (a string tied at both the ends)
string is
and Column-II has name of the corresponding modes.
(a) 1.05 Hz (b) 1050 Hz
Match the items in Column I with terms in Column II and
(c) 10.5 Hz (d) 105 Hz choose the correct option from the codes given below.
–4
78. A stretched string of length 1 m and mass 5 × 10 kg, fixed
at both ends, is under a tension of 20 N. If it is plucked at
points situated at 25 cm from one end, it would vibrate with
a frequency :
(a) 400 Hz (b) 200 Hz
(c) 100 Hz (d) 256 Hz
Direction for questions 79 to 81
Answer to these questions are based on the given
paragraph. Choose the correct option from those given
below for each question.
A standing wave is formed on a string fixed at both the
ends. The individual waves i.e., incident wave and reflected
wave are y1 (x, t) = a sin (kx – t) and y2 (x, t) = a sin (kx +
t), respectively. The two waves have same wavelength
‘’.
79. The position of nodes is given as
n Codes :
(a) x  ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
2 A B C D
(a) 4 2 3 1
(2n  1)
(b) x  ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... (b) 4 3 1 2
2
(c) 3 2 1 4
(c) x = n; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
(d) 2 3 1 4
(d) x = (2n + 1) ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
83. A uniform wire of length L, diameter D and density S is Codes :

stretched under a tension T. The correct relation between A B C
its fundamental fequency f, the length L and the diameter
(a) 1 2 3
D is :
(b) 2 3 1
1 1 (c) 3 1 2
(a) f  (b) f 
LD L D (d) 3 2 1
89. Oxygen is 16 times heavier than hydrogen. Equal volumes
1 1 of hydrogen and oxygen are mixed. The ratio of speed of
(c) f  (d) f 
D2 LD2 sound in the mixture to that in hydrogen is :
84. A wire under tension vibrates with a fundamental
2
frequency of 600 Hz. If the length of the wire is doubled, (a) 8 (b)
17
the radius is halved and the wire is made to vibrate under
one-ninth the tension. Then, the fundamental frequency
1 32
will become: (c) (d)
8 17
(a) 400 Hz (b) 600 Hz
Standing Wave in organ Pipe
(c) 300 Hz (d) 200 Hz
90. A pipe closed at one end produces a fundamental note of
Sound Wave
412 Hz. It is cut into two equal length, the fundamental notes
85. When sound propagates through air, the region of high produced by the two pieces are
density of air molecules is called:
(a) 206 Hz, 412 Hz (b) 206 Hz, 824 Hz
(a) compression (b) rarefaction
(c) 412 Hz, 824 Hz (d) 824 Hz, 1648 Hz
(c) denser (d) None of the above
91. An open pipe is suddenly closed at one end with the result
86. The relation for Bulk modulus of a medium is given by that the frequency of third harmonic of the closed pipe is
found to be higher by 100 Hz than fundamental frequency
p V
(a) B   (b) B   of the open pipe. The fundamental frequency of the open
V / V p / p
pipe is
p (a) 200 Hz (b) 300 Hz

p
(c) B  (d) B  
V / V V / V (c) 240 Hz (d) 480 Hz
87. The speed of a longitudinal wave in air is given by: 92. A vehicle with a horn of frequency n is moving with a
velocity of 30 m/s in a direction perpendicular to the straight
 B line joining the observer and the vehicle. The observer
(a) v  (b) v  perceives the sound to have a frequency (n + n1). If velocity
B 
of sound in air is 300 m/s, n1 would be
(V / V) (a) n1 = 10 n (b) n1 = 0

(c) v  (d) both (a) and (c)
p (c) n1 = 0.1 n (d) n1 = – 0.1 n
88. Match the items in Column I with terms in Column-II and 93. An open pipe is in resonance in 2nd harmonic with frequency
f1. Now one end of the tube is closed and frequency is
choose the correct option from the codes given below.
increased to f2 such that the resonance again occurs in nth
Column-I Column-II harmonic. Choose the correct option.
(A) Bulk modulus (isothermal) 1. p
3 5
(B) Bulk modulus (adiabatic) 2. (a) n = 3, f2 = f (b) n = 3, f2 = f
 4 1 4 1
(C) Laplace correction/Netwon’s 3. p 5 3
(c) n = 5, f2 = f (d) n = 5, f2 = f
formula 4 1 4 1
94. If the length of a closed organ pipe is 1 m and velocity of 101. Three sound waves of equal amplitudes have frequencies
sound is 330 m/s, then the frequency of 1st overtone is : (v – 1), v and (v + 1). They superpose to give beats. The
number of beats per second will be :
(a) 4 (330/4) Hz (b) 3 (330/4) Hz
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (330/4) Hz (d) none of these
(c) 2 (d) 1
95. An open organ pipe of length l vibrates in its fundamental
102. A tuning fork vibrating with a sonometer having 20 cm wire
mode. The pressure variation is maximum : produces 5 beats/s. The beat frequency does not change if
(a) at the two ends the length of the wire is changed to 21 cm. The frequency of
the tuning fork must be :
(b) at the distance l/2 inside the ends
(a) 200 Hz (b) 210 Hz
(c) at the distance l/4 inside the ends
(c) 205 Hz (d) 215 Hz
(d) at the distance l/8 inside the ends
103. A source of frequency v gives 5 beats/s when sounded
96. A pipe closed at one end and open at the other end resonates with a frequency 200 Hz. The second harmonic of source
with sound waves of frequencies 135 Hz and also 165 Hz gives 10 beats/s when sounded with a source of frequency
but not with any wave of frequency intermediate between 420 Hz. The value of v is :
these two. The frequency of the fundamental note is : (a) 200 Hz (b) 210 Hz
(a) 30 Hz (b) 15 Hz (c) 205 Hz (d) 195 Hz
(c) 60 Hz (d) 7.5 Hz Dopplers Effect
97. A pipe closed at one end and open at the other end resonates 104. When a source is going away from a stationary observer
with sound waves of frequency 135 Hz and also 165 Hz but with a velocity equal to velocity of sound in air, then the
not with any wave of frequency intermediate between these frequency heard by the observer will be
two. Then the frequency of the fundamental note is (a) same (b) double
(a) 30 Hz (b) 15 Hz (c) half (d) one third
(c) 60 Hz (d) 7.5 Hz 105. A car sounding its horn at 480 Hz moves towards a high wall
–1
Beats at a speed of 20 ms , the frequency of the reflected sound
98. Two wires are fixed on a sonometer. Their tensions are in the heard by the man sitting in the car will be nearest to ; (speed
ratio 8 : 1, their lengths are in the ratio 36 : 35, the diameters of sound 330 m/s)
are in the ratio 4 :1 and densities are in the ratio 1 : 2. If the (a) 480 Hz (b) 510 Hz
–1
note of the higher pitch has a frequency 360 s , the frequency (c) 540 Hz (d) 570 Hz
of beats produced is
–1 –1
106. A siren placed at a railway platform is emitting sound of
(a) 5 s (b) 10 s frequency 5 k Hz. A passenger sitting in a moving train A
–1 –1
(c) 15 s (d) 20 s records a frequency of 5.5 k Hz, while the train approaches
99. Two sources A and B are sounding notes of frequency the siren. During his return journey in a different train B, he
680 Hz. A listener moves from A to B with a constant velocity records a frequency of 6.0 k Hz, while approaching the same
–1
u. If speed of sound is 340 ms , what should be the value of siren. The ratio of the velocity of train B to that of train A is
u so that he hears 10 beats/s ? (a) 242/252 (b) 2
–1 –1
(a) 2.0 ms (b) 3.0 ms (c) 5/6 (d) 11/6
–1 –1
(c) 2.5 ms (d) 3.5 ms 107. A car is moving towards a high cliff. The driver sounds a
horn of frequency f. The reflected sound heard by the driver
100. Two sound waves with wavelength 5.0 m and 5.5 m
respectively, each propagate in a gas with velocity 330 m/s. has a frequency 2 f. If v be the velocity of sound, then the
We expect the following number of beats/sec. velocity of the car, in the same velocity units would be
(a) 6 (b) 12 (a) v/4 (b) v/2
(c) 0 (d) 1 (c) V/ 2 (d) v/3

108. A police car with a siren of frequency 8 kHz is moving with 113. The equation of a wave travelling on a string is
uniform velocity of 36 km/h towards a tall building which
 x
reflects the sound waves. The speed of sound in air is 320 m/s. y  4sin  8t  
2 8
The frequency of the siren heard by the car driver is :
if x and y are in centimetres, then velocity of wave is
(a) 8.50 kHz (b) 8.25 kHz
(a) 64 cm/sec in –ve x-direction
(c) 7.75 kHz (d) 7.50 kHz
(b) 32 cm/sec in –ve x-direction
109. Two trains, each moving with a velocity of 30 m/s, cross
(c) 32 cm/sec in +ve x-direction
each other. One of the trains gives a whistle whose frequency
(d) 64 cm/sec in +ve x-direction
is 600 Hz. If the speed of sound is 330 m/s, the apparent
114. A transverse wave is described by the equation
frequency for passengers sitting in the other train before
crossing would be :  x
y  y0 sin 2  ft  
(a) 600 Hz (b) 630 Hz  
(c) 920 Hz (d) 720 Hz The maximum particle velocity is equal to four times the
wave velocity if
110. A whistle producing sound waves of frequencies 9500 Hz
and above is approaching a stationary person with speed v y0 y0
(a)   (b)  
m/s. The velocity of sound in air is 300 m/s. If the person 4 2
can hear frequencies upto a maximum of 10,000 Hz, the
(c)   y0 (d)   2y0
maximum value of v upto which he can hear the whistle is :
115. Wave pulse on a string shown in figure is moving to the
(a) 15 / 2 m/s (b) 15 m/s right without changing shape. Consider two particles at
positions x1 = 1.5 m and x2 = 2.5 m. Their transverse velocities
(c) 30 m/s (d) 15 2 m/s at the moment shown in figure are along directions
111. A vehicle with a horn of frequency v is moving with a

velocity of 30 m/s in a direction perpendicular to the straight
line joining the observer and the vehicle. The observer
perceives the sound to have a frequency v + v1. If the
velocity of sound in air is 300 m/s, v1 would be :
(a) v1 = 10 v (b) v1 = 0
(a) positive y-axis and positive y-axis respectively
(c) v1 = 0.1 v (d) v1 = –0.1 v
(b) negative y-axis and positive y-axis respectively
Miscellaneous
(c) positive y-axis and negative y-axis respectively
112. The path difference between the two waves
(d) negative y-axis and negative y-axis respectively
 2x  116. A progressive wave is given by
y1  a1 sin  t  
  
y = 3 sin 2[(t/0.04) – (x/0.01)]
 2x  Where x, y are in cm and t in s. The frequency of wave and
and y 2  a 2 cos  t     is
   maximum acceleration will be
3 2
(a) 100 Hz, 4.7 × 10 cm/s
   
(a)  (b)   3
(b) 50 Hz, 7.5 × 10 cm/s
2
2 2  2
4 2
(c) 25 Hz, 4.7 × 10 cm/s
2   2
(c)
 
 
2
(d)   4
(d) 25 Hz, 7.5 × 10 cm/s
2

117. Which of the following is not true for the progressive wave 119. The intensity level of two sounds are 100 dB and 50 dB.
What is the ratio of their intensities?
 t x  1 3
y  4sin 2    (a) 10 (b) 10
 0.02 100  5 10
(c) 10 (d) 10
Where x and y are in cm and t in seconds. 120. A source of sound emits 200 W power which is uniformly
(a) The amplitude is 4 cm distributed over a sphere of radius 10 m. What is the
(b) The wavelength is 100 cm loudness of sound on the surface of the sphere?
(c) The frequency is 50 Hz (a) 70 dB (b) 74 dB
(d) The velocity of propagation is 2 cm/s (c) 80 dB (d) 117 dB
118. An increase in intensity level of 1 dB implies an increase in
Intensity of (given antilog10 0.1 = 1.2589)
(a) 1 % (b) 3.01 %
(c) 26 % (d) 0.1 %
EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAINS QUESTIONS
OSCILLATIONS 7. A body executes simple harmonic motion. The potential

1. A child swinging on a swing in sitting position, stands up, energy (PE), the kinetic energy (KE) and total energy (TE)
then the time period of the swing will (2002) are measured as function of displacement x. Which of the
(a) increase (b) decrease following statement is true ? (2003)
(c) remain same (a) KE is maximum when x = 0
(d) increase if the child is long and decrease if the child is (b) TE is zero when x = 0
short
(c) KE is maximum when x is maximum
2. In a simple harmonic oscillator, at the mean position (2002)
(d) PE is maximum when x = 0
(a) kinetic energy is minimum, potential energy is maximum
(b) both kinetic and potential energies are maximum 8. The bob of a simple pendulum executes simple harmonic
motion in water with a period t, while the period of oscillation
(c) kinetic energy is maximum, potential energy is minimum
of the bob is t0 in air Neglecting frictional force of water and
(d) both kinetic and potential energies are minimum –3
given that the density of the bob is (4/3) × 1000 kgm .
3. If a spring has time period T, and is cut into n equal parts,
What relationship between t and t0 is true ? (2004)
then the time period of each part will be (2002)
(a) t = t0 (b) t = t0/2
T
(a) T n (b) (c) t = 2t0 (d) t = 4t0
n
9. A particle at the end of a spring executes simple harmonic
(c) nT (d) T motion with a period t1, while the corresponding period for
4. A mass M is suspended from a spring of negligible mass. another spring is t2. If the period of oscillation with the two
The spring is pulled a little and then released so that the springs in series is T, then (2004)
mass executes SHM of time period T. If the mass is increased
(a) T = t1 + t2 (b) T 2  t12  t 22
by m, the time period becomes 5T/3, then the ratio of m/M is
(2003)
(c) T 1  t11  t 21 (d) T 2  t12  t 22
(a) 3/5 (b) 25/9
10 . The total energy of a particle, executing simple harmonic
(c) 16/9 (d) 5/3
motion is (2004)
5. Two particle A and B of equal masses are suspended from
two massless spring of spring constants k 1 and k 2 (a)  x (b)  x 2
respectively. If the maximum velocities, during oscillations
are equal, the ratio of amplitudes of A and B is (2003) (c) independent of x (d)  x1/ 2
where x is the displacement from the mean position.
k1 k1
(a) (b) k 11 . A particle of mass m is attached to a spring (of spring constant
k2 2 k) and has a natural angular frequency 0. An external force
F(t) proportional to cos  t    0  is applied to the
k2 k2
(c) (d) k oscillator. The time displacement of the oscillator will be
k1 1 proportional to (2004)
6. The length of a simple pendulum executing simple harmonic m 1
motion is increased by 21%. The percentage increase in the
time period of the pendulum of increased length is (2003)
(a)
02  2 
(b) m 2  2
0 
(a) 11% (b) 21% 1 m
(c) 42% (d) 10% 0
(c) m 2  2
 (d)
02  2
12. In forced oscillation of a particle, the amplitude is maximum 17. The maximum velocity of a particle, executing simple
–1
for a frequency 1 of the force, while the energy is maximum harmonic motion with an amplitude 7 mm, is 4.4 ms . The
for a frequency 2 of the force, then (2004) period of oscillation is (2006)
(a) 1  2 (a) 0.01 s (b) 10 s

(c) 0.1 s (d) 100 s
(b) 1  2
18. Starting from the origin a body oscillates simple harmonically
(c) 1  2 when damping is small and 1  2 when with a period of 2 s. After what time will its kinetic energy be
damping is large 75% of the total energy ? (2006)
(d) 1  2 1 1
(a) s (b) s
6 4
2
13. The function sin (t) represents (2005)
1 1
(a) a periodic, but not simple harmonic, motion with a period (c) s (d) s
3 12
2
19. A coin is placed on a horizontal platform which undergoes
(b) a periodic, but not simple harmonic, motion with a period 
vertical simple harmonic motion of angular frequency . The
(c) a simple harmonic motion with a period 2
amplitude of oscillation is gradually increased. The coin will
(d) a simple harmonic motion with a period  leave contact with the platform for the first time (2006)
14. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the (a) at the highest position of the platform
 
equations y1 = 0.1 sin 100t   and y2 = 0.1 cos t. (b) at the mean position of the platform
 3
The phase difference of the velocity of particle 1, with g
(c) at an amplitude of
respect to the velocity of particle 2 is (2005) 2
  g2
(a) (b) (d) for an amplitude of
6 3 2
  20. A point mass oscillates along the x–axis according to the
(c) (d)
3 6 law x = x0 cos  t   /4 . If the acceleration of the particle
d2 x is written as a  A cos  t    , then (AIEEE 2007)

15. If a simple harmonic motion is represented by 2
 x  0,
dt
 2 
its time period is (2005) (a) A  x 0 ,    (b) A  x 0  ,  
4 4
2 2
(a) (b) 2  2 3
  (c) A  x 0  ,    (d) A  x 0  ,  
4 4
(c) 2 (d) 2 
21. Two springs, of force constants k1 and k2, are connected to
16. The bob of a simple pendulum is a spherical hollow ball a mass m as shown. The frequency of oscillation of the
filled with water. A plugged hole near the bottom of the
mass is f. If both k1 and k2 are made four times their original
oscillating bob gets suddenly unplugged. During
values, the frequency of oscillation becomes (AIEEE2007)
observation, till water is coming out, the time period of
oscillation would (2005)
k1 m k2
(a) first increase and then decrease to the original value
(b) first decrease and then increase to the original value
(c) remain unchanged
(a) f/2 (b) f/4
(d) increase towards a saturation value
(c) 4 f (d) 2 f
22. A particle of mass m executes simple harmonic motion with

 d
amplitude a and frequency v. The average kinetic energy (c) 2 (d) 2
dg   d  g
during its motion from the position of equilibrium to the end
is (AIEEE 2007) 27. If a spring of stiffness k is cut into two parts A and B of
length lA : lB = 2 : 3, then the stiffness of spring A is given by
1
(a) 2 ma 2 v 2 (b) ma 2 v 2 5 3k
4 (a) k (b) (AIEEE 2011)
2 5
(c) 4 2 ma 2 v 2 (d) 2 2 ma 2 v 2 2k
(c) (d) k
5
23. The displacement of an object attached to a spring
28. Two particles are executing simple harmonic motion of the
and executing simple harmonic motion is given by
–2 same amplitude A and frequency  along the x–axis. Their
x = 2 × 20 cos t metre. The time at which the maximum
mean position is separated by distance X0 (X0 > A). If the
speed first occurs is (2007)
maximum separation between them is (X0 + A), the phase
(a) 0.5 s (b) 0.75 s difference between their motion is (AIEEE 2011)
(c) 0.125 s (d) 0.25 s  

(a) (b)
24. If x, v and a denote the displacement, the velocity and the 3 4
acceleration of a particle executing simple harmonic motion  
of time period T, then, which of the following does not (c) (d)
6 2
change with time ? (2009)
29. A mass M, attached to a horizontal spring, executes SHM
aT with amplitude A1. When the mass M passes through its
(a) a T  4 v
2 2 2 2 (b) x means position then a smaller mass m is placed over it and
both of them move together with amplitude A2. The ratio of
aT
(c) aT + 2v (d) v
 A1 
25. The potential energy function for the force between two   is (AIEEE 2011)
 A2 
atoms in a diatomic molecule is approximately given by
1/ 2
a b Mm  M 
Ux  , where a and b are constants and x is (a) (b)  
x2 x 6 M Mm
the distance between the atoms. If the dissociation energy
1/ 2
of the molecule is D = [U(x = ) – Uat equilibrium], D is Mm M
(c)   (d)
 M  Mm
b2 b2
(a) (b) (AIEEE 2010) 30. If a simple pendulum has significant amplitude (upto a factor
2a 12a
of 1/e of original) only in the period between t = 0 s to t = 
b2 b2 s, then  may be called the average life of the pendulum.
(c) (d) when the spherical bob of the pendulum suffers a retardation
4a 6a
(due to viscous drag) proportional to its velocity with b as
26. A wooden cube (density of wood d) of side l floats in a the constant of proportionality, the average life time of the
liquid of density  with its upper and lower surfaces pendulum is (assuming damping is small) in seconds
horizontal. If the cube is pushed slightly down and released,
(AIEEE 2012)
it performs simple harmonic motion of period T. Then T is
equal to (AIEEE 2011) 0.693
(a) (b) b
b
 d
(a) 2   d g (b) 2 1 2
  g (c) (d)
b b
31. A cylinderical tube, open at both ends, has a fundamental 37. A particle is executing, simple harmonic motion with a time
frequency, f, in air. The tube is dipped vertically in water so period T. At time t = 0, it is at its position of equilibrium.
that half of it is in water. The fundamental frequency of the The kinetic energy–time graph of the particle will look like
air-column is now (AIEEE 2012) : (2017)
f
(a) f (b) (a)
2
3f
(c) (d) 2f
4
(b)
32. The amplitude of a damped oscillator decreases to 0.9 times
its original magnitude is 5 s. In another 10 s it will decrease
to  times its original magnitude, where  equals (2013)
(a) 0.7 (b) 0.81 (c)
(c) 0.729 (d) 0.6
33. A particle moves with simple harmonic motion in a straight
line. In first s, after starting from rest it travels a distance (d)
a, and in next  s it travels 2a, in same direction, then :
(2014) 38. A 1 kg block attached to a spring vibrates with a frequency
(a) time period of oscillations is 8 of 1 Hz on a frictionless horizontal table. Two springs
(b) amplitude of motion is 4a identical to the original spring are attached in parallel to
(c) time period of oscillations is 6 an 8 kg block placed on the same table. So, the frequency
of vibration of the 8 kg block is : (2017)
(d) amplitude of motion is 3a
34. The period of oscillation of a sample pendulum is T = 1 1
(a) Hz (b) Hz
4 2 2
L
2 . Measured value of L is 20.0 cm known to 1 mm
g 1
(c) Hz (d) 2 Hz
accuracy and time for 100 oscillations of the pendulum is 2
found to be 90 s using a wrist watch of 1s resolution. The
39. In an experiment to determine the period of a simple
accuracy in the determination of g is : (2015)
pendulum of length 1 m, it is attached to different spherical
(a) 1% (b) 5%
bobs of radii r1 and r2. The two spherical bobs have uniform
(c) 2 % (d) 3%
mass distribution. If the relative difference in the periods,
35. A particle is performing S.H.M. along X-axis with amplitude
4 cm and time period 1.2 sec. The minimum time taken by is found to be 5 × 10–4 s, the difference in radii, r1  r2 is
the particle to move from x = + 2 cm to x = + 4 cm and back
again is given by (2015) best given by :     r1 , r2   (2017)
(a) 0.6 s (b) 0.4 s
(a) 1 cm (b) 0.1 cm
(c) 0.3 s (d) 0.2 s
(c) 0.05 cm (d) 0.01 cm
36. A particle performs simple harmonic motion with amplitude
A. Its speed is trebled at the instant that it is at a distance 40. A sliver atom in a solid oscillates in simple harmonic motion
in some direction with a frequency of 1012/sec What is the
2A
from equilibrium position. The new amplitude of the force constant of the bonds connecting one atom with
3
the other? (Mole wt. of siver =108 and Avagadro number
motion is : (2016)
= 6.02× 1023 gm mole–1) (2018)
(a) 3A (b) A 3
(a) 2.2 N/m (b) 5.5 N/m
7A A (c) 6.4 N/m (d) 7.1 N/m
(c) (d) 41
3 3
41. Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 4 kg are connected to a 45. The angular frequency of the damped oscillator is given
vertical spring, as shown in the figure. The smaller mass
executes simple harmonic motion of angular frequency 25 k r2 
rad/s, and amplitude 1.6 cm while the bigger mass remains by,     2  where k is the spring constant, m is
stationary on the ground. The maximum force exerted by  m 4m 
the system on the floor is (take g = 10 ms–2). the mass of the oscillator and r is the damping constant. If
(2014 Online Set-1)
r2
the ratio is 8%, the change in time period compared
mk
to the undamped oscillator is approximately as follows:
(2014 Online Set-3)
(a) increases by 8% (b) decreases by 8%
(c) increases by 1% (d) decrease by 1%
46. A body is in simple harmonic motion with time period half
second (T = 0.5 s) and amplitude one cm (A = 1 cm). Find
(a) 20 N (b) 10 N the average velocity in the interval in which it moves from
(c) 60 N (d) 40 N equilibrium position to half of its amplitude.
42. The amplitude of a simple pendulum, oscillating in air with (2014 Online Set-4)
a small spherical bob, decreases from 10 cm to 8 cm in 40 (a) 6 cm/s (b)4 cm/s
seconds. Assuming that Stokes law is valid, and ratio of (c) 16 cm/s (d) 12 cm/s
the coefficient of viscosity of air to that of carbon dioxide 47. The total length of a sonometer wire between fixed ends is
is 1.3, the time in which amplitude of this pendulum will 110 cm. Two bridges are placed to divide the length of
reduce from 10 cm to 5 cm in carbondioxide will be close to wire in ratio 6 : 3 : 2. The tension in the wire is 400 N and
the mass per unit length is 0.01 kg/m. What is the minimum
(ln 5 = 1.601, ln 2 = 0.693). (2014 Online Set-1)
common frequency with which three parts can vibrate ?
(a) 231 s (b) 208 s
(2014 Online Set-4)
(c) 161 s (d) 142 s
43. A particle which is simultaneously subjected to two (a) 1100 Hz (b)100 Hz
perpendicular simple harmonic motions represented by ; x (c) 166 Hz (d) 1000 Hz
= a1 cos t and y = a2 cos 2t traces a curve given by: 48. A pendulum with time period of 1s is losing energy due to
(2014 Online Set-1) damping. At certain time its energy is 45 J. If after
completing 15 oscillations, its energy has become 15 J, its
damping constant (in s) is : (2015 Online)
1 1
(a) (b) ln3
2 30
(a) (b)
1
(c) 2 (d) ln3
15
49. Two particles are performing simple harmonic motion in a
straight line about the same equilibrium point. The
amplitude and time period for both particles are same and
equal to A and T, respectively. At time t = 0 one particle
(c) (d) has displacement A while the other one has displacement
A
and they are moving towards each other. If they cross
2
44. Which of the following expressions corresponds to simple each other at time t, then t is : (2016 Online Set-1)
harmonic motion along a straight line, where x is the
T 5T
displacement and a, b, c are positive constant? (a) (b)
(2014 Online Set-2) 6 6
(a) a + bs – cx2 (b) a – bx + cx2 T T
(c) bx2 (d) – bx (c) (d)
3 4
50. In an engine the piston undergoes vertical simple

1 1
harmonic motion with amplitude 7 cm. A washer rests on (a) (b)
top of the piston and moves with it. The motor speed is 3 2
slowly increased. The frequency of the piston at which
2 3
the washer no longer stays in contact with the piston, is (c) (d)
close to : (2016 Online Set-2) 3 5
(a) 0.1 Hz (b) 1.2 Hz 55. A particle executes simple harmonic motion and is located
(c) 0.7 Hz (d) 1.9 Hz at x =a, b and c at times t0, 2t0 and 3t0 respectively. The
frequency of the oscillation is : (2018 Online Set-3)
51. The ratio of maximum acceleration to maximum velocity in
a simple harmonic motion is 10 s–1. At, t = 0 the displacement 1 -1  a + c  1 -1  a + b 
is 5 m. What is the maximum acceleration? The initial phase (1) 2t cos  2b  (2) 2t cos  2c 
0   0  
 1 -1  2a + 3c  1 -1  a + 2b 
is . (2017 Online Set-1)
4 (3) 2t cos  b  (4) 2t cos  3c 
0   0  
(a) 500 m/s2 (b) 500 2 m / s2
WAVES
(c) 750 m/s2 (d) 750 2 m / s 2
52. A block of mass 0.1 kg is connected to an elastic spring of 56. Tube A has both ends open while tube B has one end
spring constant 640 Nm–1 and oscillates in a damping closed. Otherwise they are identical. The ratio of
medium of damping constant 10–2 kg s–1, The system fundamental frequency of tube A and B is : (2002)
dissipates its energy gradually. The time taken for its (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4
mechanical energy of vibration to drop to half of its initial
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1
value, is closest to : (2017 Online Set-2)
(a) 2 s (b) 3.5 s 57. A tuning fork arrangement (pair) produces 4 beats/sec
with one fork of frequency 288 cps. A little wax is placed
(c) 5 s (d) 7 s
53. Two simple harmonic motions, as shown below, are at right on the unknown fork and it then produces 2 beats/sec.
angles. They are combined to form Lissajous figures. The frequency of the unknown fork is : (2002)
x  t  = A sin  at +   (a) 286 cps (b) 292 cps
y  t  = Bsin  bt  (c) 294 cps (d) 288 cps

Identify the correct match below. (2018 Online Set-2) 58. A wave y = a sin (t – kx) on a string meets with another
Parameters Curve wave producing a node at x = 0. Then the equation of the
(a) A  B, a = b;  = 0 Parabola unknown wave is : (2002)
 (a) y = a sin (t + kx) (b) y = – a sin (t + kx)

(b) A = B, a = b;  = Line
2 (c) y = a sin (t – kx) (d) y = – a sin (t – kx)
 59. Length of a string tied to two rigid supports is 40 cm.
(c) A  B, a = b;  = Ellipse
2 Maximum length (wavelength in cm) of a stationary wave
 produced on it is : (2002)
(d) A = B, a = 2b;  = Circle
2 (a) 20 (b) 80
54. An oscillator of mass M is at rest in its equilibrium position
(c) 40 (d) 120
1 2 60. When temperature increase, the frequency of a tuning
in a potential V = k  x - X  . A particle of mass m
2 fork (2002)
comes from right with speed u and collides completely
(a) increases
inelastically with M and sticks to it. This process repeats
every time the oscillator crosses its equilibrium position. (b) decreases
The amplitude of oscillations after 13 collisions is : (M=10, (c) remains same
m=5, u=1, k=1) (2018 Online Set-3)
(d) increases of decreases depending on the material
61. The displacement y of a wave travelling in the x-direction 67. An observer moves towards a stationary source of sound,
is given by with a velocity one fifth of the velocity of sound. What is
the percentage increase in the apparent frequency ? (2005)

y = 10 sin  600 t  2x   metre.
–4
3 (a) 5% (b) 20%


(c) zero (d) 0.5%
where x is expressed in metre and t in second. The speed
–1
of the wave motion, (in ms ) is (2003) 68. A whistle producing sound waves of frequencies 9500 Hz
and above is approaching a stationary person with speed
(a) 300 (b) 600 –1 –1
v ms . The velocity of sound in air is 300 ms . If the
(c) 1200 (d) 200 person can hear frequencies upto a maximum of 10000 Hz,
62. The displacement of a particle varies according to the the maximum value of v upto which he can hear the whistle
relation x = 4 (cos t + sin t). Then amplitude of the particle is (2006)
is (2003) (a) 30 ms
–1
(b) 15 2 ms 1
(a) –4 (b) 4
–1
(c) 15/ 2 ms1 (d) 15 ms
(c) 4 2 (d) 8
69. A string is stretched between fixed points separated by 75 cm.
63. A metal wire of linear mass density of 9.8 g/m is stretched It is observed to have resonant frequencies of 420 Hz and
with a tension of 10 kg-wt between two rigid supports 1 315 Hz. There are no other resonant frequencies between
metre apart. The wire passes at its middle point between the these two. Then, the lowest resonant frequency for this
poles of a permanent magnet, and it vibrates in resonance string is (2006)
when carrying an alternating current of frequency v. The (a) 10.5 Hz (b) 105 Hz
frequency v of the alternating source is (2003) (c) 1.05 Hz (d) 1050 Hz
(a) 50 Hz (b) 100 Hz 70. A sound absorber attenuates the sound level by 20 dB.
The intensity decreases by a factor of (2007)
(c) 200 Hz (d) 25 Hz
(a) 100 (b) 1000
64. A tuning fork of known frequency 256 Hz makes 5 beats
(c) 10000 (d) 10
per second with the vibrating string of a piano. The beat
frequency decreases to 2 beats per second when the 71. The speed of sound in oxygen (O2) at a certain temperature
–1
tension in the piano string is slightly increased. The is 460 ms . The speed of sound in helium (He) at the same
temperature will be (assume both gases to be ideal) (2008)
frequency of the piano string before increasing the tension –1 –1
was (2003) (a) 330 ms (b) 460 ms
–1 –1
(c) 500 ms (d) 1420 ms
(a) (256 + 2) Hz (b) (256 – 2) Hz
72. A wave travelling along the x–axis is a described by the
(c) (256 – 5) Hz (d) 256 + 5) Hz equation y (x, t) = 0.005 cos (x – t). If the wavelength
65. The displacement y of a particle in a medium can be and the time period of the wave are 0.08 m and 2.0s,
expressed as : respectively, then  and  in appropriate units are (2008)
–6
y = 10 sin (100 t + 20x + /4) m, where t is in second and 
x in metre. The speed of the wave is (2004) (a)   12.50,   (b)  = 25.00 ,  = 
2.0
(a) 2000 m/s (b) 5 m/s
0.08 2.0 0.04 1.0
(c) 20 m/s (d) 5 m/s (c)   , (d)   ,
   
66. When two tuning forks (fork 1 and fork 2) are sounded
73. A motor cycle starts from rest and and accelerates along a
simultaneously, 4 beats per second are heard. Now, some 2
straight path at 2 m/s . At the starting point of the motor
tape is attached on the prong of the fork 2. When the cycle there is a stationary electric siren. How far has the
tuning forks are sounded again, 6 beats per second are motor cycle gone when the driver hears the frequency of
hared, if the frequency of fork 1 is 200 Hz, then what was the siren at 94% of its value when the motor cycle was at
–1
the original frequency of fork 2 ? (2005) rest ? (speed of sound = 330 ms ) (2009)
(a) 196 Hz (b) 204 Hz (a) 49 m (b) 98 m
(c) 200 Hz (d) 202 Hz (c) 147 m (d) 196 m
74. Three sound waves of equal amplitudes have frequencies

(b) standing wave of frequency b
(v – 1), v, (v + 1). They superpose to give beats. The
number of beats produced per second will be (2009)
1
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) standing wave of frequency
b
(c) 2 (d) 1
75. The equation of a wave on a string of linear mass density
–1
0.04 kg m is given by (2010) a
(d) wave moving in +x direction with speed
b
  t x 
y = 0.02 (m) sin  2      . 79. A pipe of length 85 cm is closed from one end. Find the

  0.04  s  0.50  m    number of possible natural oscillations of air column in
Then the tension in the string : the pipe whose frequencies lie below 1250Hz. The velocity
of sound in air is 340 m/s. (2014)
(a) 4.0 N (b) 12.5 N
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 0.5 N (d) 6.25 N
(c) 4 (d) 12
76. Statement 1 : Two longitudinal waves given by equations
80. A train is moving on a straight track with speed 20 ms–1. It
–y1 (x, t) = 2a sin (t – kx) and y2 (x, t) = a sin (2t – 2kx) will
is blowing its whistle at the frequency of 1000 Hz. The
have equal intensity. (AIEEE, 2011
percentage change in the frequency heard by a person
Statement 2 : Intensity of waves of given frequency in same standing near the track as the train passes him is (speed
medium is proportional to square of amplitude only. of sound = 320 ms–1) close to: (2015)
(a) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is True; Statement–II (a) 18% (b) 24%
is a correct explanation for Statement–I.
(c) 6% (d) 12%
(b) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is True; Statement–2 is
NOT a correct explanation for Statement–I. 81. A signal of 5 kHz frequency is amplitude modulated on a
carrier wave of frequency 2 MHz. The frequencies of the
(c) Statement–I is True, Statement–II is False.
resultant signal is/are : (2015)
(d) Statement–I is False, Statement–II is True.
(a) 200 kHz, 2000 kHz and 1995 kHz
77. A travelling wave represented by y = A sin (t – kx) is
(b) 2000 kHz and 1995 kHz
superimposed on another wave represented by
(c) 2 MHz only
y = A sin (t + kx). The resultant is (AIEEE 2011)
(d) 2005 kHz, and 1995 kHz
 1
(a) A standing wave having nodes at x   n   , 82. A uniform string of length 20 m is suspended from a rigid
 22
support. A short wave pulse is introduced at its lowest
n = 0, 1, 2
end. It starts moving up the string. The time taken to reach
(b) A wave travelling along + x direction
the support is : (take g = 10 ms–2) (2016)
(c) A wave travelling along –x direction
(a) 2s (b) 2 2 s
n
(d) A standing wave having nodes at x  ; n = 0, 1, 2
2 (c) 2 s (d) 2 2 s
78. The transverse displacement y (x, t) of a wave on a string is
83. A pipe open at both ends has a fundamental frequency f
given by
in air. The pipe is dipped vertically in water so that half of

 ax 2  bt 2  2 ab xt  it is in water. The fundamental frequency of the air column
y  x, t   e
is now : (2016)
This represents a (AIEEE 2011)
3f
(a) (b) 2f
b 4
(a) wave moving in –x direction with speed
a f
(c) f (d)
2
84. An observer is moving with half the speed of light towards f0

a stationary microwave source emitting waves at frequency (c) graph A with slope   v  v 
s
10 GHz. What is the frequency of the microwave measured
by the observer? (speed of light =3×108 ms–1) (2017) f0
(d) graph B with slope   v  v 
(a) 12.1 GHz (b) 17.3 GHz s
(c) 15.3 GHz (d) 10.1 GHz 89. Two engines pass each other moving in opposite
85. A transverse wave is represented by directions with uniform speed of 30 m/s. One of them is
blowing a whistle of frequency 540 Hz. Calculate the
10  2 2 
y sin  t x frequency heard by driver of second engine before they
  T  
pass each other. Speed of sound is 330 m/sec :
For what value of the wavelength the wave velocity is (2016 Online Set-1)
twice the maximum particle velocity ?(2014 Online Set-1) (a) 450 Hz (b) 540 Hz
(a) 40 cm (b) 20 cm (c) 648 Hz (d) 270 Hz
(c) 10 cm (d) 60 cm 90. A toy-car, blowing its horn, is moving with a steady speed
86. A source of sound A emitting waves of frequency 1800 Hz of 5 m/s, away from a wall. An observer, towards whom
is falling towards ground with a terminal speed . The the toy car is moving, is able to hear 5 beats per second. If
observer B on the ground directly beneath the source the velocity of sound in air is 340 m/s, the frequency of
receives waves of frequency 2150 Hz. The source A the horn of the toy car is close to : (2016 Online Set-2)
receives waves, reflected from ground, of frequency nearly: (a) 680 Hz (b) 510 Hz
(Speed of sound = 343 m/s) (2014 Online Set-2) (c) 340 Hz (d) 170 Hz
(a) 2150 Hz (b) 2400 Hz 91. Two wires W 1 and W 2 have the same radius r and
(c) 2500 Hz (d) 1800 Hz respective densities 1 and 2 such that 2 = 4 1. They
87. Two factories are sounding their sirens at 800 Hz. A man are joined together at the point O, as shown in the figure.
goes from one factory to other at a speed of 2 m/s. The The combination is used as a sonometer wire and kept
velocity of sound is 320 m/s. The number of beats heard under tension T. The point O is midway between the two
by the person in one second will be:(2014 Online Set-3) bridges. When a stationary wave is set up in the composite
(a) 4 (b) 2 wire, the joint is found to be a node. The ratio of the
(c) 8 (d) 10 number of antinodes formed in W1 to W2 is :
88. A source of sound emits sound waves at frequency f0. It is
(2017 Online Set-1)
moving towards an observer with fixed speed vs (vs< v,
where v is the speed of sound in air). If the observer were
to move towards the source with speed v0, one of the
following two graphs (A and B) will given the correct
variation of the frequency f heard by the observer as v0 is
changed. (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 4 : 1
92. A standing wave is formed by the superposition of two
waves travelling in opposite directions. The transverse
displacement is given by (2017 Online Set-2)
 5 
y (x, t)  0.5 sin  x  cos (200t).
 4 
The variation of f with v0 is given correctly by :
(2015 Online) What is the speed of the travelling wave moving in the
f0 positive x direction ?
(a) graph A with slope   v  v  (x and t are in meter and second, respectively.)
s
(a) 160 m/s (b) 90 m/s
f0
(b) graph B with slope   v  v  (c) 180 m/s (d) 120 m/s
s
93. A tuning fork vibrates with frequency 256 Hz and gives 95. Two sitar strings, A and B, playing the note ‘Dha’ are
one beat per second with the third normal mode of slightly out of tune and produce beats of frequency 5 Hz.
vibration of an open pipe. What is the length of the pipe ? The tension of the string B is slightly increased and the
(Speed of sound in air is 340 ms-1) (2018 Online Set-1) beat frequency is found to decrease by 3 Hz. If the
frequency of A is 425 Hz, the original frequency of B is :
(1) 220 cm (2) 190 cm
(2018 Online Set-3)
(3) 180 cm (4) 200 cm
(1) 430 Hz (2) 420 Hz
94. 5 beats/ second are heard when a tuning fork is sounded
with a sonometer wire under tension, when the length of (3) 428 Hz (4) 422 Hz
the sonometer wire is either 0.95 m or 1m. The frequency 96. The end correction of a resonance column is 1 cm. If the
of the fork will be : (2018 Online Set-2) shortest length resonating with the tuning fork is 10 cm,
(a) 195 Hz (b) 150 Hz the next resonating length should be :
(c) 300 Hz (d) 251 Hz (2018 Online Set-3)

(a) 28 cm (b) 32 cm
(c) 36 cm (d) 40 cm
EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Oscillation 5. For a particle executing simple harmonic motion, which of

the following statements is not correct
Definition of SHM
(a) The total energy of the particle always remains the same
1. A simple harmonic motion is represented by
(b) The restoring force is always directed towards a fixed point
x (t) = 10 sin (20 t + 0.5). The amplitude of the S.H.M. is
(c) The restoring force is maximum at the extreme positions
(a) a = 30 (b) a = 20
(d) The acceleration of the particle is maximum at the
(c) a = 10 (d) a = 5 equilibrium position.
Condition of SHM 6. The variation of the acceleration a of the particle executing
2. The vertical motion of a ship at sea is described by the S.H.M. with displacement y is as shown in the figure.
a a
d2x
equation   4x , where x is the vertical height of the
dt 2
ship (in metre) above its mean position. If it oscillates (a) (b)
through a height of 1 m
x x
(a) its maximum vertical speed will be 1 m/s
a
(b) its maximum vertical speed will be 2 m/s a
(c) its greatest vertical acceleration is 2 m/s2

(c) x (d) x
(d) its greatest vertical acceleration is 1 m/s2
3. A body of mass 0.01 kg executes simple harmonic motion
(S.H.M.) about x = 0 under the influence of a force shown 7. What is the maximum acceleration of the particle doing the
SHM ?
below : The period of the S.H.M. is
 t 
y  2sin    , where y is in cm.
F(N) 2 
8.0
+2.0  2
x(m) (a) cm / s 2 (b) cm / s 2
-2.0 2 2
-8.0
 2
(c) cm / s 2 (d) cm / s 2
4 4
(a) 1.05 s (b) 0.52 s
8. The acceleration a of a particle undergoing SHM is shown
(c) 0.25 s (d) 0.30 s in the figure. Which of the labelled points corresponds to
Phase, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Kinetic, Potential the particle being at –xmax ?
Energy as a time and positon
4. If a particle under S.H.M. has time period 0.1 sec and
amplitude 2 × 10–3 m. It has maximum velocity
 
(a) m/s (b) m/s
25 26
 (a) 4 (b) 3
(c) m/s (d) None of these
30 (c) 2 (d) 1
9. The equation of motion of a particle executing simple 16. A particle of mass 0.1 kg is executing SHM of amplitude 0.1 m.
2 When the particle passes through the mean position, its KE
harmonic motion is a + 16 x = 0. In this equation, a is the
linear acceleration in m/s2 of the particle at a displacement x is 8 × 10–3 J. Find the equation of motion of the particle, if
in metre. The time period in simple harmonic motion is the initial phase of oscillation is 45°
1 1  
(a) s (b) s (a) y  0.1cos  3t  
4 2  4
(c) 1 s (d) 2 s
 
10. The displacement of a particle moving in S.H.M. at any (b) y  0.1sin  6t  
 4
instant is given by y  a sin t . The acceleration after time
T  
t is (where T is the time period)
4 (c) y  0.1sin  4t  
 4
(a) a (b) a
(c) a 2 (d)  a 2  
(d) y  0.1cos  4t  
 4
11. The potential energy of a particle executing S.H.M. is 2.5 J,
when its displacement is half of amplitude. The total energy 17. A particle of mass 0.1 kg executes SHM under a force
of the particle is F = (–10x) Newton. Speed of particle at mean position is 6 m/s.
(a) 18 J (b) 10 J Then amplitude of oscillations is
(c) 12 J (d) 2.5 J
(a) 0.6 m (b) 0.2 m
12. A particle is vibrating in a simple harmonic motion with
amplitude 4 cm. At what displacement from the equilibrium (c) 0.4 m (d) 0.1 m
is its energy half potential and half kinetic ? 18. The displacement time equation of a particle executing SHM
is : x = A sin (t + ). At time t = 0 position of the particle is
(a) 2 2 cm (b) 2 cm
x = A/2 and it is moving along negative x-direction. Then the
(c) 3 cm (d) 1 cm angle  can be :
13. Energy of particle executing SHM depends upon (a) /6 (b) /3
(a) amplitude only (b) amplitude and frequency (c) /3 (d) 5/6
(c) velocity only (d) frequency only 19. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the
14. A particle of mass 0.10 kg executes SHM with an amplitude  
equations y1  0 .1 sin 100  t   and y  0 . 1 cos  t.
0.05 m and frequency 20 vib/s. Its energy of oscillation is  3 2
(a) 2 J (b) 4 J The phase difference of the velocity of particle 1 with

(c) 1 J (d) zero respect to the velocity of particle 2 is
15. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion with a period  
of T seconds and amplitude a metre. The shortest time it (a) (b)
3 6
a
takes to reach a point m from its mean position in  
2 (c) (d)
6 3
seconds is
20. If < E > and denote the average kinetic and the average
T potential energies respectively of mass describing a simple
(a) T (b) harmonic motion, over one period, then the correct relation
4
is
(a) < E > = (b) < E > = 2 
T T
(c) (d) (c) < E > = – 2 (d) < E >= – 
8 16
21. The following figure depicts a circular motion. The radius of 25. A particle of mass m executes simple harmonic motion with
the circle, the period of revolution, the initial position and amplitude a and frequency . The average kinetic energy
the sense of revolution are indicated on the figure. The during its motion from the position of equilibrium to the
simple harmonic motion of the x–projection of the radius ends is
vector of the rotating particle P can be shown as :
(a) 22ma22 (b) 2ma22
1 2 2 2
(c)  ma  (d) 42ma22
4
26. The maximum acceleration of a particle in SHM is made two

times keeping the maximum speed to be constant. It is
 2t   possible when
(a) x  t   a cos   
 4 4 (a) amplitude of oscillation is doubled while frequency remains
constant
 t   (b) amplitude is doubled while frequency is halved
(b) x  t   a cos   
 4 4 (c) frequency is doubled while amplitude is halved
(d) frequency of oscillation is doubled while amplitude
 2 t  
(c) x  t   a sin    remains constant
 4 4
t
27. A particle moves according to the law x = a cos . The
 t   2
(d) x  t   a cos   
 3 2 distance covered by it in the time interval between t = 0 to
t = 3 s is
22. In SHM for how many times potential energy is equal to
kinetic energy during one complete period ? (a) 2 a (b) 3 a
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 a (d) 5 a
(c) 4 (d) 8 28. The potential energy of a harmonic oscillator of mass 2 kg in

23. Velocity at mean position of a particle executing SHM is v. its mean position is 5J. If its total energy is 9J and its amplitude
Velocity of the particle at a distance equal to half of the is 0.01 m, its time period will be
amplitude will be
 
(a) s (b) s
v v 100 50
(a) (b)
2 2
 
(c)   s (d) none of these
3 3  20 
(c) v (d) v
2 4
29. Two particles are executing SHM in a straight line. Amplitude
24. A particle executes linear simple harmonic motion with an A and time period T of both the particles are equal. At time
amplitude of 2 cm. When the particle is at 1 cm from the
t = 0, one particle is at displacement x1 = +A and the other at
mean position the magnitude of its velocity is equal to that
of its acceleration. Then its time period in seconds is A
x2  and they are approaching towards each other..
2
1
(a) (b) 2 3 After what time they cross each other ?
2 3
(a) T/3 (b) T/4
2 3 (c) 5T/6 (d) T/6
(c) (d)
3 2
30. A particle is executing S.H.M. of amplitude 5 cm and period 35. Maximum velocity in SHM is m. The average velocity
6 sec. How long will it take to move from one end of its during motion from one extreme point to the other extreme
path on one side of mean position to a position 2.5 cm on point will be :
the same side of the mean position ?
 2
(a) 1.5 sec (b) 1 sec (a) m (b) m
2 
(c) 3 sec (d) 3.5 sec
4 
31. A particle executing harmonic motion is having velocities (c)  m (d)  m
 4
1 and 2 at distance x1 and x2 from the equilibrium position.
Spring Block osillation
The amplitude of the motion is
36. Force constant of a weightless spring is 16 N/m. A body of
12 x 22  22 x12 12 x12  22 x 22 mass 1.0 kg suspended from it is pulled down through 5 cm
(a) (b) from its mean position and then released. The maximum
12  22 12  22
kinetic energy of the body will be
12 x 22  22 x12 12 x 22  22 x12 (a) 2 × 10–2 J (b) 4 × 10–2 J
(c) (d)
12  22 12  22
(c) 8 × 10–2 J (d) 16 × 10–2 J
32. A certain simple harmonic vibrator of mass 0.1 kg has a 37. A particle is attached to a vertical spring and is pulled down
total energy of 10 J. Its displacement from the mean
a distance 0.04 m below its equlibrium position and is released
position is 1 cm when it has equal kinetic and potential
from rest. The initial upward acceleration of the particle is
energies. The amplitude A and frequency  of vibtration
of the vibrator are 0.30 m/s2. The period of the oscillation is
500 (a) 4.08 s (b) 1.92 s

(a) A  2 cm,   Hz
 (c) 3.90 s (d) 2.29 s
1000 38. Frequency of a particle executing SHM is 10 Hz. The particle
(b) A  2 cm,   Hz
 is suspended from a vertical spring. At the hightest point of
its oscillation the spring is unstretched. Maximum speed of
1 500
(c) A  cm,   Hz the particle is : (g = 10 m/s2)
2 
(a) 2m/s (b) m/s
1 1000
(d) A  cm,   Hz
(c) 1/m/s (d) 1/2m/s
2 
33. A particle of mass m is executing simple harmonic 39. To make the frequency double of an oscillator, we have to
oscillations about the origin on the x-axis. Its potential (a) Double the mass
3
energy is U(x) = k | x | , where k is a positive constant. If the
(b) Half the mass
amplitude of oscillation is a, then its time period T is
(c) Quadruple the mass
(a) proportional to 1 / a (b) proportional to a
(d) Reduce the mass to one-fourth
3/2
(c) proportional to a (d) proportional a 40. Two bodies M and N of equal masses are suspended from
two separate massless springs of force constants k1 and k2
34. The displacement of the particle from its mean position (in
respectively. If the two bodies oscillate vertically such that
metre) is given by
their maximum velocities are equal, the ratio of the amplitude
y = 0.2 sin (10t + 1.5) cos (10t + 1.5).
M to that of N is
The motion of the particle is
(a) periodic but not simple harmonic motion k1 k1
(a) k (b) k2
2
(b) non periodic
(c) simple harmonic motion with period of 0.1 s k2 k2
(d) simple harmonic motion with period of 0.2 s. (c) k (d) k1
1
41. In arrangement given in figure, if the block of mass m is 44. Four massless springs whose force constants are 2k, 2k, k
displaced, the frequency is given by and 2 k respectivley are attached to a mass M kept on a
A B frictionless plane (as shown in figure). If the mass M is
m displaced in the horizontal direction, then the frequency
k1 k2 of the system.
1  k1  k 2  1  k1  k 2 
(a) n  2  m 
 (b) n  2  m 

 
1  m  1 
m 
(c) n  2   (d) n  2  k  k 
k k 
 1 2   1 2  1 k
(a)
42. Three masses 700g, 500g, and 400g are suspended at the 2 4M
end of as spring a shown and are in equilibrium. When
the 700g mass is removed, the system oscillates with a 1 4k
period of 3 seconds, when the 500 gm mass is also (b)
2 M
removed, it will oscillate with a period of
1 k
(c)
2 7M
700 gm 1 7k
(d)
500 gm 2 M
400 gm
45. m1 and m2 are connected with a light inextensible string
(a) 1 s (b) 2 s with m1 lying on smooth table and m2 hanging as shown
in figure. m1 is also connected to a light spring which is
12
(c) 3 s (d) s initially unstretched and the system is released from rest
5
43. On a smooth inclined plane, a body of mass M is attached
between two springs. The other ends of the springs are
fixed to firm supports. If each spring has force constant
K, the period of oscillation of the body (assuming the
springs as massless) is
(a) system will perform SHM with angular frequency given
M k  m1  m 2 
by .
m1m 2

(b) system performs SHM with angular frequency given
k
1/2 1/ 2 by m1  m 2 .
 m   2M 
(a) 2   (b) 2  
 2K   K 
(c) tension in string will be 0 when the system is released.
1/2
Mg sin   2 Mg 
(c) 2 (d) 2   m2g
2K  K  (d) maximum displacement of m1 will be .
k
46. A massless rod is pivoted at point O. A string carrying a Combination of springs-single block oscillation
mass m at one end is attached to the point A on the rod.
49. A uniform cylinder of length L and mass M having cross-
The period of small vertical oscillation of mass m around
sectional area A is suspended with its length vertical from a
its equilibrium position is :
fixed point by a light spring such that it is half submerged in
a liquid of density  at equilibrium position. When the
cylinder is given a small downward push and released it
starts oscillating with small amplitudes. If the spring has a
force constant k, then its time period of oscillations will be
a m a m M M
(a) T  2 (b) T   (a) T  2 (b) T  2
b k b k Ag k
b m b m M
(c) T  2 (d) T   (c) T  2 (d) none of these
a k a k k  Ag
47. A block of mass m, attached to a fixed position O on a
smooth inclined wedge of mass M, oscillates with 50. One end of a spring of force constant k is fixed to a vertical
amplitude A and linear frequency f. The wedge is located wall and the other to a block of mass m resting on a smooth
on a rough horizontal surface. If the angle of the wedge is horizontal surface. There is another wall at a distance x 0
60°, then the force of friction acting on the wedge is given
by (coefficient of static friction = ) from the black. The spring is then compressed by 2x 0
and released. The time taken to strike the wall is
2x0 x0
1 1 k k
(a)  (M + m) g (b) m2 A sin t (a)  (b)
2 6 m m
(c)   M  m  2 A sin t 2 m  k
(c) (d)
3 k 4 m
 3 2 
(d)   M  m  g  2 m A sin t  51. The friction coefficient between two blocks of masses 1
  kg and 4 kg shown in figure is  and the horizontal plane
48. In the figure, the block of mass m, attached to the springs surface is smooth. If the system is slight displaced from
of stiffness k is in contact with the completely elastic wall, the mean position and released, it will execute SHM. The
and the compression in the spring is e. The spring is maximum amplitude for which the upper block does not
compressed further by e by displacing the block towards slip relative to the lower will be –(K is spring constant)
left and is then released. If the collision between the block
and the wall is completely elastic then the time period of
oscillations of the block will be :
5 g g
2 m m (a) (b)
(a) (b) 2 K K
3 k k
 m  m 3 g 2 g
(c) (d) (c) (d)
3 k 6 k K K
52. A mass M = 5 kg is attached to a spring a shown in the 56. A man measures the period of a simple pendulum inside a
figure and held in position, so that the spring remains stationary lift and finds it to be T sec. If the lift accelerates
unstretched. The spring constant is 200 N/m. The mass M upwards with an acceleration g / 4 , then the period of the
is, then released and begins to undergo small oscillations. pendulum will be
The amplitude of oscillation is
Pendulum
Lift
(a) T (b) T/4

2T
(c) (d) 2T 5
5
57. The length of second’s pendulum of the earth is about 1 m.
(a) 0.5 m (b) 0.25 m What should be the length of second’s pendulum on the
(c) 0.2 m (d) 0.1 m moon ?
53. A spring has a natural length of 50 cm and a force constant
1
(a) 1 m (b) m
of 2.0 × 103 Nm–1. A body of mass 10 kg is suspended from 6
it and the spring is stretched. If the body is pulled down to
(c) 6 m (d) 36 m
a length of 58 cm and released, it executes simple harmonic
58. The ratio of frequencies of two pendulums are 2 : 3, then
motion. What is the net force on the body when it is at its
their length are in ratio
lowermost position of its oscillation ? (Take g = 10 ms–2)
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/ 2
(a) 20 N (b) 40 N
(c) 60 N (d) 80 N 4 9
(c) (d)
54. A spring of force constant 200 N/m is mounted as shown in 9 4
figure and a mass 2 kg is attached to the free end. If the 59. In a seconds pendulum, mass of the bob is 30 g. If it is
system is given an initial displacement of 0.05 m and an replaced by 90 g mass then its time period will be
initial velocity of 2 m/sec, find the amplitude of simple
harmonic motion. (a) 1 s (b) 2 s
(c) 4 s (d) 3 s
60. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum of length L
suspended from the roof of a vehicle which moves without
friction down an inclined plane of inclination , is given
by
L
(a) 0.4 m (b) 0.206 m (a) 2
g cos 
(c) 0.3 m (d) 0.5 m
Angular SHM L
(b) 2
55. The mass and diameter of a planet are twice those of earth. g sin 
The period of oscillation of pendulum on this planet will be
(If it is a second’s pendulum on earth) L
(c) 2
g
1
(a) 2
sec (b) 2 2 sec
L
(d) 2
1 g tan 
(c) 2 sec (d) sec
2
61. In case of a simple pendulum, time period versus length is 64. A uniform rod of length l is suspended from a point P and
depicted by is made to undergo small oscillations. Time period of
oscillation is (O is centre of mass) :
(a) (b)
3 
(a) 2 (b) 2
g g
7 
(c) (d) (c) 2 (d) 2
12g 12g
Miscellaneous SHM problems
65. The motion of a particle is given x = A sin t + B cos t. The
Simple Pendulum
motion of the particle is
62. A simple pendulum has time period T = 2 s is air. If whole
(a) not simple harmonic
arrangement is placed in nonviscous liquid whose density
(b) simple harmonic with amplitude A + B
is 1/2 times the density of bob. The time period in the liquid
will be :  A  B
(c) simple harmonic with amplitude
2
2
(a) s (b) 4 s
2 (d) simple harmonic with amplitude A 2  B2
66. The displacement equation of a particle is
(c) 2 2 s (d) 4 2 s
x = 3 sin 2t + 4 cos 2t
Physical Pendulum The amplitude and maximum velocity will be respectively
63. A horizontal rod of mass m and length L is pivoted smoothly (a) 5, 10 (b) 3, 2
at one end. The rod’s other end is supported by a spring (c) 4, 2 (d) 3, 4
of force constant k. The rod is rotated (in vertical plane) 67. The equation of a SHM is given by x = 3 sin 5t + 4cos 5t,
by a small angle  from its horizontal equilibrium position where x is in cm and time t is in seconds. Find the phase
and released. The angular frequency of the subsequent constant of the motion.
simple harmonic motion is (a) 45° (b) 30°
(c) 53.1° (d) 60°
Pivot 68. A particle undergoing SHM has the equation : x = A sin (t + ),
where x represents the displacement of the particle. The
K kinetic energy oscillates with time period
2 
(a) (b)
 
k 4
3k (c) (d) none of these
(a) (b) 
m 3m
3k 3g k
(c)  (d)
m 2L m
69. The potential energy of a particle of mass 1 kg in motion 74. A mass m is suspended from a spring of force constant k and
along the x–axis is given by : U = 4 (1 – cos 2x) J just touches another identical spring fixed to the floor as
Here x is in metres. The period of small oscillations (in sec) is: shown in the figure. The time period of small oscillations is
(a) 2  (b) 
(c) /2 (d) 2

70. A rectangular block of mass m and area of cross-section A
floats in a liquid of density . If it is given small vertical
displacement from equilibrium, it undergoes oscillation with
a time period T, then
(a) T  m (b) T  m m m
(a) 2 (b)  
k k k/2
1 1
(c) T  (d) T 
A  m m m
(c)  (d)  
3k / 2 k 2k
71. A U tube of uniform bore of cross-sectional area A has
been set up vertically with open ends facing up. Now m gm Multiple Answers
of a liquid of density d is poured into it. The column of
75. A coin is placed on a horizonatal platform, which undergoes
liquid in this tube will oscillate with a period T such that
vertical simple harmonic motion of angular frequency .
M MA The amplitude of oscillation is gradually increased. The coin
(a) T  2 (b) T  2 will leave contact with the platform for the first time
g gd
(a) at the highest position of the platform
M M
(c) T  2 (d) T  2 (b) at the mean position of the platform
gdA 2 Adg 2
(c) for an amplitude of g/
72. The metallic bob of a simple pendulum has the relative
density . The time period of this pendulum is T. If the (d) for an amplitude of g/
metallic bob is immersed in water, then the new time period
is given by 76. Two masses m1 and m2 are suspended together by a light
spring of spring constant k as shown in the figure. When
 1  the system is in equilibrium, the mass m1 is removed without
(a) T  (b) T   1
disturbing the system, as a result of this removal mass m2
performs simple harmonic motion. For this situation mark
 1 
(c) T (d) T   1 the correct statement(s).

73. One end of a spring of force constant K is fixed to a vertical

wall and the other to a body of mass m resting on a smooth
horizontal surface. There is another wall at a distance x0
from the body. The spring is then compressed by 3x0 and
released. The time taken to strike the wall from the instant of
–1
release is (given sin (1/3) = (/9))
m1g
(a) the amplitude of oscillation is
k
 m1  m 2  g
(b) the amplitude of oscillation is
k
k
 m 2 m (c) the system oscillates with angular frequency m2
(a) (b)
6 K 3 K (d) the system oscillates with angular frequency
k
 m 11 m
(c)
4 K
(d)
9 K
 1 m2 
m 
77. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions along 82. New equation for position of the combined body is
x and y directions according to x = 3 sin 100 t; y = 4sin 100 t (a) (10 + 3 sin 5t) cm (b) (10 – 3 sin 5t) cm
(a) Motion of particle will be on ellipse travelling in clockwise (c) (10 + 3 cos 10 t) cm (d) (10 – 3 cos 10t) cm
direction.
Passage - 2
(b) Motion of particle will be on a straight line with slope 4/3.
Using the following passage, solve Q. 83 to 85
(c) Motion will be simple harmonic motion with amplitude 5.
A small block of mass m is fixed at upper end of a massive
(d) Phase difference between two motions is /2. vertical spring of spring constant k = 4 mg/L and natural
78. A rectangular block of mass m and area of cross section A length ‘10L’. The lower end of spring is free and is at a
floats on a liquid of density . If it is given a small height L from fixed horizontal floor as shown. The spring is
displacement, it oscillates with a period T, then initially unstressed and the spring-block system is released
from rest in the shown position.
(a) T  m (b) T  
1 1
(c) T  (d) T 
A 
79. The potential energy of a particle of mass 0.1 kg, moving

along the x-axis, is given by U = 5x(x – 4) J, where x is in
meter. It can be concluded that
(a) the particle is acted upon by a constant force. 83. At the instant the speed of block is maximum, the magnitude
of force exerted by the spring on the block is
(b) the speed of the particle is maximum at x = 2 m.
(c) the particle executes SHM. mg
(a) (b) mg
(d) the period of oscillation of the particle is (/5) s. 2
Comprehension Type Questions (c) zero (d) None of these

Passage - 1 84. As the block is coming down, the maximum speed attained
by the block is
Using the following passage, solve Q. 80 to 82
One end of an ideal spring is fixed to a wall at origin O and (a) gL (b) 3gL
the axis of spring is parallel to x-axis . A block of mass m = 1
kg is attached to free end of the spring and it is performing 3 3
SHM. Equation of position of the block in co-ordinate system (c) gL (d) gL
2 2
shown in figure is x = 10 + 3 sin (10 t), where t is in second
and x in cm. 85. Till the block reaches its lowest position for the first time, the
time duration for which the spring remains compressed is
Another block of mass M = 3 kg, moving towards the origin
with velocity 30 cm/s collides with the block performing
L L 1
SHM at t = 0 and gets stuck to it. (a)   sin 1
2g 4g 3
 L L 1
(b)  sin 1
4 g 4g 3
80. Angular frequency of oscillation after collision is
(a) 20 rad/s (b) 5 rad/s L L 2
(c)   sin 1
2g 4g 3
(c) 100 rad/s (d) 50 rad/s
81. New amplitude of oscillation is
 L L 2
(a) 3 cm (b) 20 cm (d)  sin 1
2 2g 4g 3
(c) 10 cm (d) 100 cm
Passage - 3 89. Position of the block as a function of time can now be

Using the following passage, solve Q. 86 to 90 expressed as
A 100 g block is connected to a horizontal massless spring  

of force constant 25.6 N/m. As shown in figure (a), the block (a) x  3cos 16t   cm
 2
is free to oscillate on a horizontal frictionless surface. The
block is displaced 3 cm from the equilibrium position and, at 

t = 0, it is released from rest at x= 0. It executes simple (b) x  3cos 16t   cm
 3
harmonic motion with the positive x-direction indicated in
figure (a).
 
The position-time(x-t) graph of motion of the block is as (c) x  3.5cos 16t   cm
 6
shown in figure (b).
 
(d) x  3.2 cos 16t   cm
 4
90. Velocity of the block as a function of time can be expressed

as
 
(a) v  48sin 16t  cm / s
 2
 
(b) v  48sin 16t  cm / s
 3
 
(c) v  56sin 16t  cm / s
 4
86. When the block is at position A on the graph, its
 
(a) position and velocity both are negative (d) v  56sin 16t  cm / s
 6
(b) position is positive and velocity is negative
Match the Following
(c) position is negative and velocity is positive
91. Two particles ‘A’ and ‘B’ start SHM at t = 0. Their positions
(d) position and velocity both the positive.
as function of time are given by
87. When the block is at position B on the graph, its
XA = A sin t
(a) position and velocity are positive
XB = A sin t + /3)
(b) position is positive and velocity is negative
Column I Column II
(c) position in negative and velocity is positive
5
(d) position and velocity are negative (a) Minimum time when x is same (p)
6
88. When the block is at position C on the graph, its
(a) velocity is maximum and acceleration is zero 
(b) Minimum time when velocity is same (q)
3
(b) velocity is minimum and acceleration is zero
(c) velocity is zero and acceleration is negative 
(c) Minimum time after which (r)
(d) velocity is zero and acceleration is positive 
Let us now make a slight change to the initial conditions. At vA < 0 and vB < 0
t = 0, let the block be released from the same position, i.e., 
from a displacement 3 cm along positive x-direction but with (d) Minimum time after which (s)
2
an initial velocity vi =  16 3 cm/s. xA < 0 and xB < 0
92. A simple harmonic oscillator consists of a block attached to Wave Parameter

a spring with k = 200 N/m. The block slides on a frictionless 95. The distance between two consecutive crests in a wave
horizontal surface, with equilibrium point x = 0. A graph of
train produced in string is 5 cm. If two complete waves
the block’s vleocity v as a function of time t is shown.
pass through any point per second, the velocity of the
Correctly match the required information in Column I with
2 wave is
the values given in Column II (use  = 10):
(a) 10 cm/s
(b) 2.5 cm/s
(c) 5 cm/s
(d) 15 cm/s
96. A equation of plane progressive wave y = a sin ( t + kx).
Column I Column II Its wrong statement is
(a) The block’s mass in kg (p) –0.20
2
(b) The block’s displacement (q) –200 (a) is wave length
k
at t = 0 in metres

(c) The block’s acceleration (r) 0.20 (b) is velocity of wave
k
2
at t = 0.10s in m/s
(d) The block’s maximum (s) 4.0 
(c) is frequency of wave
kinetic energy in joules 2
Waves k
(d) is maximum velocity of particle

Travelling Wave
93. A mass m is suspended at the end of a massless wire of a
97. An equation of plane progressive wave y = sin
length L and cross-sectional area A. If Y is the Young’s 
modulus of the material of the wire, the frequency of
oscillations along the vertical line is given by 2  x 
 t   . If maximum velocity of particle and velocity
3  b
1 mL 1 YL
(a) V  (b) V  a
2 YA 2 mA of wave are equal. Now will be
b
1 AL 1 YA 2
(c) V  (d) V  3
2 Ym 2 mL (a) (b)
3 2
General Travelling Wave
1
(c) (d) none of these.
94. The amplitude of a wave disturbance propagating along 2
1 98. A transverse wave is represented by the equation
positve x-axis is given by y  2
at t = 0 and
1 x 2 (vt – x) for what value of the maximum
y  y 0 sin 
1 
y at t = 2 s where x and y are in metres. The particle velocity is equal to two times the wave velocity
1  (x  1) 2
shape of the wave disturbance does not change with time. y 0
The velocity of the wave is (a)   (b) y0
2
(a) 0.5 m/s (b) 1 m/s
2y 0
(c) 2 m/s (d) 4 m/s (c) = 2y0 (d)  
2
99. Transverse waves are produced in a long string by

5  x
attaching its free end to a vibrating tuning fork. Figure 105. The equation of wave y  sin  t   where
below shows the shape of a part of string. Which pairs of 2  2
points are in phase? displacement is in cm and time in sec. The phase angle
between two particles at distance 12 cm is
0
(a) 6 (b) 6 radian
0
(c) 3 (d) 3 radian
106. The particle displacement in a travelling harmonic wave is
given by y (x, t) = 2.0 cos 2  (10t – 0.008x + 0.35) where x
and y are in centimetres and t is in seconds. What is the
(a) A and D (b) B and E phase difference between oscillatory motion at two point
(c) C and F (d) A and G separated by a distance of 4 m?
100. When a wave travels in a medium, the particle (a) 0.2  (b) 6.4 
displacements are given by y (x, t) = 0.03 sin  (2t – 0.01 x) (c) 0.6  (d) 0.8 
where y and x are in meters and t in seconds.
107. Transverse waves of the same frequency are generated in
The wave length of the wave is
two steel wires A and B. The diameter of A is twice that of
(a) 10 m (b) 20 m B and the tension in A is half that in B. The ratio of the
(c) 100 m (d) 200 m velocities of waves in A and B is
101. Transverse wave of amplitude 10 cm is generated at one (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 2
end (x = 0) of a long string by a tuning fork of frequency
500 Hz. At a certain instant of time, the displacement of a (c) 1 : 2 2 (d) 3 : 2 2
particle A at x = 100 cm is – 5 cm and of particle B at x = 200
108. The velocity of sound in air is 332 m/s. If the air consits of
cm is + 5 cm. What is the wave length of the wave?
nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio 4 : 1, the velocity of sound
(a) 2 m (b) 3 m in oxygen is
(c) 4 m (d) 5 m (a) 372 m/s (b) 278 m/s
102. A source of sound vibrates according to the equation (c) 418 m/s (d) 315 m/s
–1
y = 0.05 cos  t. It sends out waves of velocity 1.5 ms .
The wave length of the waves is 109. The speed of sound in a gas is v and the root mean square
speed of gas molecules is vrmsIf the ratio of the specific
(a) 1.5 m (b) 3.0 m
heats of the gas  = 1.5, then the ratio to vrms is
(c) 4.5 m (d) 6.0 m
103. A progressive wave in a medium is represented by the (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 2
5
equation y = 0.1 sin 10 t  x  where y and x are in (c) 1: 3 (d) 1 : 3
 11 
110. Under the same conditions of pressure and temperature,
cm and t in seconds. The maximum speed of a particle of
the velocity of sound in oxygen and hydrogen gases are
the medium due to the wave is
–1 –1
v0 and vH then :
(a) 1 cm s (b) 10 cm s
–1 –1 (a) vH = 2v0 (b) vH = 4v0
(c)  cms (d) 10  cms
(c) v0 = 4vH (d) vH = v0
104. The potential energy of a particle executing simple
harmonic motion at a distance x from the equilibrium 111. If the temperature of the gaseous medium drops by 1%,
position is proportional to the velocity of sound in that medium :
(a) (b) x (a) increase by 5% (b) remains unchanged

x
(c) x
2
(d) x
3 (c) decreases by 0.5% (d) decreases by 2%
112. The velocity of sound through a diatomic gaseous medium 119. Two sound waves of the same frequency have respective
of molecular weight M at 0°C : amplitudes of 3 units and 1 unit and are travelling in
R 3R opposite directions in the same straight line. At a particular
(a) (b) place in that line, the resultant wave will varyin loudness.
M M
The ratio maximum loudness/minimum loudness is
382 R 273 R
(c) (d) (a) 9/1 (b) 6/1
M M
(c) 9/2 (d) 4/1
113. Two periodic waves of amplitudes a and b pass through a
2 2
region at the same in the same direction. If a > b, the 120. Two sounds waves have intensties 100W/m and 400W/m
difference in the maximum and minimum possible respectively. The later sound is
amplitudes is :
(a) 6 decibel louder than the other
(a) a + b (b) a – b
(c) 2 a (d) 2 b (b) 4 decibel louder than the other
114. The extension in a string, obeying Hookes’ law, is x. The (c) 0.6 decibel louder than the other
speed of the wave in the stretched string is v. If the extension
in the string is increased to 1.5 x, the speed of the wave in (d) data’s are insufficient.
the string will be 121. The power of a sound from the speaker of a radio is 20
(a) 1.22 v (b) 0.61 v mW. By turning the knob of the volume control, the power
(c) 1.50 v (d) 0.75 v of the sound is increased to 400 mW. The power increase
Velocity (String and Sound) in decibels as compared to the original power is
115. A uniform rope of mass 0.1 kg and length 2.45 m hangs (a) 13.0 dB (b) 10 dB
from a ceiling. The time taken by a transverse wave to
2 (c) 20 dB (d) 8000 dB
travel the full length of the rope is (g = 9.8 m/s )
(a) 1 s (b) 2 s Reflection of wave
(c) 3 s (d) 4 s 122. A bat flying above a lake emits ultrasonic sound of 100
Intensity kHz. When this wave falls on the water surface, it is partly
–8 –2
116. A sound has an intensity of 2 × 10 Wm . Its intensity reflected and partly transmitted. What are the wavelengths
level in decibels is : (log10 2 = 0.3) of the reflected and transmitted waves? The speed of
–1 –1
(a) 23 (b) 4.3 sound in air is 340ms and in water 1450 ms .
(c) 43 (d) none of these (a) 6.8 mm and 2.9 cm (b) 3.4mm and 7.8 mm
117. Two waves represented by the following equations are
travelling in the same medium (c) 3.4 mm and 1.45 cm (d) 6.8 mm and 1.45 cm
y1 = 5 sin 2 (75t – 0.25 x), From soft Boundary
y2 = 10 sin 2 (150 t – 0.50 x)
 x
123. A wave is incident on fixed target as y= 5sin 2   t   ,
I1  2
The intensity ratio I of the two waves is :
2
the equation of reflected wave through rigid target
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4
(c) 1 : 8 (d) 1 : 16  x  x
(a) y = –5 sin 2  t   (b) y = +5 sin 2  t  
118. The intensity level of a sound wave is 4 dB. If the intensity  2  2
of the wave is doubled, then the intensity level of the
sound, as expressed in dB, would be :
 x  x
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) y = +5 sin 2  t   (d) y = –5 sin 2  t  
 2  2
(c) 7 (d) 14
Superposition (Interference) Standing Wave on Stretched String

124. Two loudspeakers A and B, 1.0 m apart, produce sound waves 127. A string fixed at both ends is vibrating in the lowest mode
of the same wavelength and in the same phase. A sensitive of vibration for which a point at quarter of its length from
sound detector, moving along PQ, parallel to line AB, 2.4 m one end is a point of maximum displacement. The
away, detects maximum sound at P (on the perpendicular frequency of vibration in this mode is 100 Hz. What will be
bisector of AB) and another maximum sound when it first the frequency emitted when it vibrates in the next mode
reaches Q directly opposite to B, as shown in Figure. What is such that this point is again a point of maximum
the wavelength of sound emitted by the speakers ? displacement ?
(a) 400 Hz (b) 200 Hz
(c) 600 Hz (d) 300 Hz
128. Two stretched strings of same material are vibrating under
the same tension in fundamental mode. The ratio of their
frequencies is 1 : 2 and ratio of the length of the vibrating
segments is 1 : 4. Then the ratio of the radii of the strings is :
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 1
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 8 : 1
(a) 0.1 m (b) 0.2 m
129. A string of length 1 m has the mass per unit length 0.1 g
–1
(c) 0.3 m (d) 0.4 m cm . What would be the fundamental frequency of
Superposition (interference) vibrating of this string under tension of 400 N ?
(a) 400 Hz (b) 100 Hz

125. When two sound waves with a phase difference of , (c) 50 Hz (d) 200 Hz
2
and each having amplitude A and frequency , are 130. Four wires of identical length, diameters and of the same
superimposed on each other, then the maximum amplitude material are stretched on a sonometre wire. If the ratio of
and frequency of resultant wave is : their tensions is 1 : 4 : 9 : 16, then the ratio of their
fundamental frequencies are :
A  A (a) 16 : 9 : 4 : 1 (b) 4 : 3 : 2 : 1
(a) : (b) :
2 2 2
(c) 1 : 4 : 2 : 16 (d) 1 : 2 : 3 : 4
 131. The fundamental frequency of sonometer wire is 600 Hz

(c) 2 A; (d) 2A: when length of wire is short by 25%. Now frequency of 1
st
2
overtone will be
126. Two waves are passing through a region in the same
(a) 800 Hz (b) 1200 Hz
direction at the same time. If the equation of these waves
are : (c) 1600 Hz (d) 2000 Hz
132. The length of sonometer wire is 1.8 m. What is wavelength
2
y1  a sin  vt  x  of wave when number of nodes are 10

(a) 20 cm (b) 36 cm
2 (c) 40 cm (d) 72 cm
y 2  b sin  vt  x   x 0 
  133. The length of a sonometer wire AB is 110 cm. Where should
the two bridges be placed from A, to divide the wire in 3
 segments whose fundamental frequencies are in the ratio
then the amplitude of the resultant wave for x 0  , is :
2 of 1 : 2 : 3?
(a) | a – b | (b) (a + b) (a) 30 cm, 60 cm (b) 40 cm, 80 cm
(c) zero (d) a 2  b2 (c) 60 cm, 90 cm (d) 30 cm, 90 cm

134. Figure shows a stationary wave between two fixed point P 141. Two organ pipes, each closed at one end, give 5 beats per
and Q. Which point(s) of 1,2 and 3 are in phase with the second when emitting their fundamental notes. If their
point X ? lengths are in the ratio of 50 : 51, their fundamental
frequencies (in Hz) are
(a) 250, 255 (b) 255, 260
(c) 260, 265 (d) 265, 270
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only 142. Standing waves are produced by the superposition of two
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 3 only waves y1 = 0.05 sin (3  t – 2x) and y2 = 0.05 sin (3  t + 2x)
135. Particle displacements (in cm) in a standing wave are given by where x and y are expressed in metres and t is in seconds.
What is the amplitude of a particle at x = 0.5 m. Given cos
y (x, t) = 2 sin (0.1  x) cos (100  t). 0
(57.3 ) = 0.54
The distance between a node and the next anti–node is
(a) 2.7cm (b) 5.4 cm
(a) 2.5 cm (b) 5.0 cm
(c) 8.1 cm (d) 10.8 cm
(c) 7.5 cm (d) 10.0 cm
136. Two parts of a sonometer wire, divided by a movable knife– 143. A pipe of length 20 cm is open at both ends. Which
edge, differ in length by 1 cm and produce 1 beat per second harmonic mode of the pipe is resonantly excited by a 1700
–1
when sounded together. If the total length of the wire is 100 Hz source? The speed of sound = 340 ms .
cm, the frequencies of the two parts of the wire are (a) First harmonic (b) Second harmonic
(a) 51 Hz, 50 Hz (b) 50.5 Hz, 49.5 Hz (c) Third harmonic (d) Fourth harmonic
(c) 49 Hz, 48 Hz (d) 49.5 Hz, 48.5 Hz
144. A knife–edge divides a sonometer wire into two parts.
137. A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz is sounded above a The fundamental frequencies of the two parts are 1 and
cylindrical tube 1 m high. Water is slowly poured into the
–1 2. The fundamental frequency of the sonometer wire when
tube. If the speed of sound is 340 ms , at what levels of
the knife–edge is removed will be
water in the tube will the sound of the fork be appreciably
intensified? 1
(a) 1 + 2 (b) (1   2 )
(a) 25 cm, 75 cm (b) 20 cm, 80 cm 2
(c) 15 cm, 85 cm (d) 17 cm, 83 cm
1  2
Standing Wave in Organ Pipe (c) 1 2 (d)   
1 2
138. An organ pipe closed at one end is excited to support the
third overtone. It is found that air in the pipe has 145. A tube closed at one end containing air, produces, when
excited, the fundamental note of frequency 512 Hz. If the
(a) 3 nodes and 3 antinodes
tube is open at both ends, the fundamental frequency that
(b) 3 nodes and 4 antinodes can be excited is (in Hz)
(c) 4 nodes and 3 antinodes (a) 1024 (b) 512
(d) 4 nodes and 4 antinodes (c) 256 (d) 128
139. Two organ pipes A and B are closed and open respectively. 146. An organ pipe P1, closed at one end vibrating in its first
Third overtone of each are unison. The ratio of their length is
harmonic and another pipe P2, open at both ends vibrating
(a) 8/7 (b) 7/8 in its third harmonic, are in resonance with a given tuning
(c) 7/4 (d) 4/7 fork. The ratio of the lengths of P1 and P2 is
140. The fundamental frequency of open organ pipe is f when
it filled with one–fourth length with water now frequency 8 1
(a) (b)
will be 3 6
(a) f (b) f / 3
1 1
(c) 2f/3 (d) 4f/3 (c) (d)
2 3
Sonometer Experiment and Tuning Fork 153. Following two wave trains are approaching each other :
147. Two closed pipes produce 10 beats/s when emitting their y1 = a sin 2000 t
fundamental nodes. If their length are in ratio of 25 : 26. y2 = a sin 2008 t
Then their fundamental frequency in Hz, are : The number of beats heard per second is :
(a) 270, 280 (b) 260, 270 (a) 8 (b) 4
(c) 260, 250 (d) 260, 280 (c) 1 (d) zero
148. A weight is attached to the free end of a sonometer wire. It 154. A tuning fork of frequency 480 Hz produces 10 beat/s,
gives resonance at a length 40 cm when it is resonaced with when sounded with a vibrating sonometer string. What
a tuning fork of frequency 512 Hz. The weight is then must be frequency of the string, if a slight increase in
tension produces more beats per sec then before ?
immersed wholly in water, the resonant length is reduced to
30 cm. The relative density in which weight suspended is (a) 460 Hz (b) 470 Hz
(c) 480 Hz (d) 490 Hz
16 16 155. When two tuning forks A and B are sounded together, x
(a) (b)
9 7 beats/sec are heard. Frequency of A is n. Now, when one
prong of fork B is loaded with a little wax, the number of
16 16 beats decreases. The frequency of fork B is :
(c) (d)
5 3 (a) n + x (b) n – x
Beats (c) n + 2x (d) n – 2x
149. Two tuning forks A and B produce 10 beats per second 156. A tuning fork of frequency 100 when sound together with
when sounded together. On slightly loading fork A with a another tuning fork of unknown frequency produces 2
beats/s. On loading the tuning fork whose frequency is
little wax, it was observed that 15 beats are heard per second.
not known and sounded together with the same tuning
If the frequency of fork B is 480 Hz, what is the frequency of
fork produces one beat, then the frequency of the unknown
fork A before it was loaded? tuning fork is :
(a) 465 Hz (b) 470 Hz (a) 102 (b) 98
(c) 490Hz (d) 495 Hz (c) 99 (d) 101
150. Nine tuning forks are arranged in order of increasing 157. An unknown tuning fork sounded together with a tuning
frequency. Each tuning fork produces 4 beats per second fork of frequency 256 emits two beats. On loading tuning
when sounded with either of its neighbours. If the fork of frequency 256, the number of beats heard is 1/s.
The frequency of unknown tuning fork is :
frequency of the 9th tuning fork is twice that of the first,
what is the frequency of the first tuning fork? (a) 257 (b) 258
(c) 256 (d) 254
(a) 32 Hz (b) 40 Hz
158. An organ pipe, open from both ends produces 5 beats/s
(c) 48 Hz (d) 56 Hz
when vibrated with a source of frequency 200 Hz in its
151. A tuning fork produces 4 beats per second when sounded fundamental mode. The second harmonic of the same pipe
with a sonometer of vibrating length 48 cm. It produces 4 produces 10 beats/s with a source of frequency 420 Hz.
beats per second also when the vibrating length is 50 cm. The fundamental frequency of pipe is :
What is the frequency of the tuning fork? (a) 195 Hz (b) 205 Hz
(a) 196 Hz (b) 284 Hz (c) 190 Hz (d) 210 Hz
(c) 375 Hz (d) 460 Hz 159. Two trains, one coming towards and another going away
from an observer both with the speed of 4 m/s, produces
152. 1 = 100 cm, 2 = 99 cm and velocity of sound = 396 m/s.
whistle simultaneously of frequency 300 Hz. Find the
The number beats (in Hz) are :
number of beats produced (V = 330 m/s).
(a) 4 (b) 2
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 3 (d) 1
(c) 7 (d) 12
–1
160. A metal wire of diameter 1 mm is held on two knife edges towards the engine with a speed of 10 ms respectively
separated by a distance of 50 cm. The tension in the wire are
is 100 N. The wire vibrating with its fundamental frequency (a) 500 Hz, 0.7 m (b) 500 Hz, 0.68 m
and a vibrating tuning fork together produce 5 beats per
(c) 486 Hz, 0.7 m (d) 515 Hz, 0.68 m
second. The tension in the wire is then reduced to 81 N.
When the two are excited, beats are heard at the same rate. 166. In the above question a wind starts blowing in the direction
–1
What is the frequency of the fork? from the engine to the platform with a speed of 10 ms .
The frequency and wavelength of the sound of the whistle
(a) 90 Hz (b) 95 Hz
heard by a man standing at the platform will be
(c) 100 Hz (d) 105 Hz
(a) 500 Hz, 0.68 m (b) 500 Hz, 0.7m
161. Two whistles A and B have frequencies 660 Hz and 590 Hz
(c) 486 Hz, 0.7 m (d) 515 Hz, 0.68 m
respectively. An observer is standing in the middle of line
joining the two sources. Source B and observer are moving 167. A train blowing its whistle moves with a constant velocity
towards right with velocity 30 m/s and A is standing to the u away from the observer on the ground. The ratio of the
left side. If the velocity of sound in air is 300 m/s. The actual frequency of the whistle to that measured by the
number of beats/second listened by the observer are : observer is found to be 1.2. If the train is at rest and the
observer moves away from it at the same velocity, the
(a) 8 (b) 6
ratio would be given by
(c) 4 (d) 2
(a) 0.51 (b) 1.25
162. A closed organ pipe and an open organ pipe of same length
produce 2 beats when they are set into vibrations (c) 1.52 (d) 2.05
simultaneously in their fundamental mode. The length of Dopplers Effect
open organ pipe is now halved and of closed organ pipe is
168. A motorcycle starts from rest and accelerates along a
doubled. The number of beats produced will be : 2
straight line at 2.2 m/s . At the starting point of the
(a) 8 (b) 7 motorcycle, there is a stationary electric siren. How far
(c) 4 (d) 2 has the motorcycle gone when the driver hears the
frequency of the siren at 90% of its value when the
Dopplers Effect –1
motorcycle was at rest ? (Speed of sound in air = 330 ms )
163. A source of sound is travelling towards a stationary
(a) 123.75 m (b) 247.5 m
observer. The frequency of sound heard by the observed
is of three times the original frequency. The velocity of (c) 495 m (d) 990 m
sound is v m/s. The speed if source will be 169. A whistle emitting a sound of frequency 440 Hz is tied
to a string of 1.5 m length and rotated with an angular
2
(a)  (b)  velocity of 20 rad/s in the horizontal plane. Then the
3
range of frequencies heard by an observer stationed at
3
(c)  (d) 3  a large distance from the whistle will be (Speed of sound
2
v = 330 m/s)
164. An observer moves towards a stationary source of sound
with a velocity one–tenth the velocity of sound. The (a) 400.0 Hz to 484.0 Hz (b) 403.3 Hz to 480.0 Hz
apparent increase in frequency is (c) 400.0 Hz to 480.0 Hz (d) 403.3 Hz to 484.0 Hz
(a) zero (b) 5% 170. A car sounding its horn at 480 Hz moves towards a high
–1
(c) 10% (d) 0.1% wall at a speed of 20 m/s. If the speed of sound is 340 m/s ,
the frequency of the reflected sound heard by the man
165. A train standing at a certain distance from a railway
platform is blowing a whistle of frequency 500 Hz. If the sitting in the car will be nearest to
–1
speed of sound is 340 ms , the frequency and wavelength (a) 480 Hz (b) 510 Hz
of the sound of the whistle heard by a man running (c) 540 Hz (d) 570 Hz
Multiple Answer Type Question Using the following Passage, solve Q. 175 to Q. 177
171. A wave equation which gives the displacement along Y- Passage – 1
direction is given by The spring shown in figure is unstretched when a man start
–4
y = 10 sin(60 t + 2x) pulling the block. The mass of the block is M. If the man
exerts a constant force F.
where x and y are in metres and t is time in seconds. This
represents a wave k F
(a) travelling with a velocity of 30 m/s in the negative x-
direction
(b) of wavelength  metres 175. The amplitude and time period of the motion of the block is
(c) of frequency 30/ Hertz
–4
F M F M
(d) of amplitude 10 m travelling along the negative x- (a) , 2 (b) , 2
k k 2k 2k
direction.
172. For a transverse wave on a string, the string displacement is 2F M
(c) , 2 (d) none of these
described by k 4k
y = (x, t) = f(x – at) 176. The energy stored in spring when the block passes
where f represents a function and a is a negative constant. through the equilibrium position is
Then which of the following is/are correct statment(s)?
2F2 F2
(a) Shape of the string at time t = 0 is given by f(x) (a) (b)
k k
(b) The shape of wave from does not change as it moves
along the string F2 F2
(c) (d)
4k 2k
(c) Wave form moves in +ve x-direction
177. The kinetic energy of the block at this position is (at
(d) The speed of waveform is a
equilibrium position)
173. A wave moves at a constant speed along a stretched string.
Mark the incorrect statement out of the following: F2 F2
(a) (b)
(a) Particle speed is constant and equal to the wave speed. 2k k
(b) Particle speed is independent of amplitude of the priodic 2F2 F2

(c) (d)
motion of the source. k 4k
(c) Particle speed is independent of frequency of periodic Passage - 2
motion of the source.
Using the following Passage, solve Q. 178 to Q. 181
(d) Particle speed is dependent on tension and linear mass 2
A long string having a cross-sectional area 0.80 mm and
density the string. 3
density 12.5 g/cm is subjected to a tension of 64 N along
174. An observer A is moving directly towards a stationary sound the x-axis. One end (at x = 0) of this string is attached to a
source while another observer B is moving away from the vibrator moving in transverse direction at a frequency of 20
source with the same velocity. Which of the following Hz. At t = 0, the source is at a maximum displacement y = 1.0 cm.
statments are correct?
178. Find the speed of the wave travelling on the string.
(a) Average of frequencies recorded by A and B is equal to
(a) 20 m/s (b) 10 m/s
natural frequency of the source.
(c) 80 m/s (d) 40 m/s
(b) Wavelength of wave received by A is less than that of
waves received by B. 179. Write the equation for the wave.
–1 –1
(c) Wavelength of waves received by two observers will (a) y = (1.0 cm) cos[(40 s )t – {(/2m )x}]
–1 –1
be same. (b) y = (1.0 cm) cos[(40 s )t + {(/2m )x}]
–1 –1
(d) Both the observers will observe the wave travelling with (c) y = (1.0 cm) cos[(40 s )t – {(/4m )x}]
same speed. –1 –1
(d) y = (1.0 cm) cos[(40 s )t + {(/4m )x}]
180. What is the displacement of the particle of the string at x = 50 cm are approaching each other, the apparent frequency v’, of
at time t = 0.05 s? a signal of frequency v is,
1
(a) cm (b) 2cm  v  v0 
2 v  v  
 v  vs 
3 2
(c) cm (d) cma Using the elaborated idea solve the following questions:
2 3
185. If an aircraft is approaching a given radar with a speed u,
181. What is the velocity of this particle at this instant? the apparent frequency of v, received by the radar will be
[v – velocity of e.m. wave]
(a) 10 2  cm / s (b) 40 2  cm / s
 v   vu
(c) 30 2  cm / s (d) 20 2  cm / s (a) v   (b) v  
 vu   v 
Using the following Passage, solve Q. 182 to Q. 184  v   v 

(c) v   (d) v  
Passage – 3  vu  v  2u 
A train approaching a hill at a speed of 40 km/hr sounds a 186. The apparent decrease in frequency, if the ari-craft moves
whistle of frequency 580 Hz when it is at a distance of 1 km away is
from the hill. A wind with a speed of 40 km/hr is blowing in the
2u u
direction of motion of train. Velocity of sound = 1200 km/hr. (a) v (b) v
v v
182. Find the frequency of the whistle as heard by an observer
on the hill u 2u
(c) v (d)
2v v
(a) 599.33 Hz (b) 590.33 Hz
(c) 582.30 Hz (d) 370.22 Hz 187. In a detective system, the apparent frequency found with
the source moving with a speed u = 0.8 v is v1 and the
183. What is the distance from the hill at which the echo from
source being at rest and the RADAR moving with u = 0.9v
the hill is heard by the driver ?
is v2, then
15 20 (a) v1 = v2 (b) v1 > v2
(a) km (b) km
16 31
8
(c) v1 < v2 (d) v 2  v1
17 29 9
(c) km (d) km
18 31
Assertion and Reason
184. What is the frequency heard by the driver ? (A) If both ASSERTION and REASON are true and
(a) 620 Hz (b) 630 Hz reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) 650 Hz (d) 640 Hz (B) If both ASSERTION and REASON are true but reason
is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(C) If ASSERTION is true but REASON is false.
Passage – 4
(D) If both ASSERTION and REASON are false.
RADAR is the acronym of radio detection and ranging. A
radar detects an enemy aircraft by the use of radio-waves (E) If ASSERTION is false but REASON is true.
which are received after reflection. In analogy with plane
mirror reflection, one can take the reflected wave to be 188. Assertion : All oscillatory motions are necessarily periodic
motion but all periodic motion are not oscillatory.
coming from a virtual source. If the reflector is moving
with a speed u, the speed of source relative the receiver Reason : Simple pendulum is an example of oscillatory
can be 2u. Even when this kind of motion exist with the motion.
source and to the receiver, Doppler’s effect can be applied. (a) A (b) B (c) C
According to Doppler’s effect as a source and an observer (d) D (e) E
189. Assertion : When a simple pendulum is made to oscillate 195. Assertion : The phase difference between two medium
on the surface of moon, its time period increases. particle having a path difference  is 2  .
Reason : Moon is much smaller as compared to earth. Reason : The phase difference is directly proportional to
(a) A (b) B (c) C path difference of a particle.
(d) D (e) E (a) A (b) B (c) C
190. Assertion : In extreme position of a particle executing (d) D (e) E

S.H.M., both velocity and acceleration are zero. 196. Assertion : Sound would travel faster on a hot summer
Reason : In S.H.M., acceleration always acts towards day than on a cold winter day.
mean position. Reason : Velocity of sound is directly proportional to the
square of its absolute temperature.
(a) A (b) B (c) C
(d) D (e) E (a) A (b) B (c) C
(d) D (e) E
191. Assertion : Soldiers are asked to break steps while
crossing the bridge. 197. Assertion : Where two vibrating tuning forks having
frequencies 256 Hz and 512 Hz are held near each other,
Reason : The frequency of marching may be equal to the
beats cannot be heard.
natural frequency of bridge and may lead to resonance
Reason : The principle of superposition is valid only if
which can break the bridge.
the frequencies of the oscillators are nearly equal.
(a) A (b) B (c) C
(a) A (b) B (c) C
(d) D (e) E
(d) D (e) E
192. Assertion : In simple harmonic motion the total energy is
Match the Column
proportional to the square of the amplitude.
198. Match the column correctly
2
Reason : Total energy is given by 1/2 kA Column–I Column–II
(a) A (b) B (c) C (a) The displcement of a (p) increase
(d) D (e) E particle in simple
193. You are given an assertion and reason. harmonic motion in one
Assertion : Both transverse and longitudinal mechanical time period will
waves can propagate in solids but only longitudinal (b) The average in one time (q) decrease
mechanical waves can propagate in gases. period in a S.H.M. will
Reason : Gases cannot withstand a shearing stress; hence (c) A spring pendulum (r) zero
they have only bulk modulus. Choose the correct statement perform SHM with a
from the following. frequency . It is taken
(a) A (b) B (c) C in a lift slowly accelerating
(d) D (e) E upward, the frequency will

(d) A pendulum is suspended (s) remain constant
194. Assertion : Compression and rarefaction involve changes
from the ceiling of the
in density and pressure.
compartment of a train.
Reason : When particles are compressed, density of
When the train is stationary,
medium increases and when they are rarefied, density of
the time period of the
medium decreases.
pendulum is T. If the train
(a) A (b) B (c) C
accelerates the time period
(d) D (e) E of pendulum.
199. Match the column 204. A uniform rod PQ of mass 0.1 kg and length 0.12 m can
Column I Column II swing in a vertical plane about A as a pendulum. A particle
of mass 0.2 kg is attached to the rod at a distance x from
(A) Wave in solids (P) Transverse only A. Find x such that the period of vibration is minimum.
(B) electromagnetic waves (Q) Can be transverse
or longitudinal A
P
(C) Longitudinal waves (R) Require a medium x=?
to propagate
(D) Pressure waves (S) Elastic parameters
dependent
Q
200. Match the column :
205. A sound wave of 40 cm wavelength enters the tube as
For the travelling wave shown in the figure. What must be the smallest radius r
(in cm) such that a minimum will be heard at the detector ?
y = 0.02 sin 2 (10t – 5x), (all in SI units)
Column I Column II
(A) Speed of wave (P) 10
r
(B) Frequency of wave (Q) 0.4 
(C) Wavelength of wave (R) 2 Source Detector
206. A string has a mass 10 g and a length L = 3m. Its two ends
(D) Maximum particle speed (S) 0.2
are tied to two walls at a distance D = 2m apart. Two blocks
201. A body of mass 1kg falls from a height 25cm on to the pan of mass M = 2kg each are suspended from the string as
of a spring balance. The masses of the pan and spring are shown in figure. In what time will a wave pulse sent from a
negligible. The spring constant of the spring is 100N/m. point A, reach point B ?
Having stuck to the pan the body starts performing
harmonic oscillations in the vertical direction. Find the
D
amplitude of oscillation (in cm). L/4 L/4
m L/2
h
A B
vvvv
M M
202. A pendulum inside an elevator has a time period T1, when
the elevator is at rest; 10s, when the elevator accelerates, 207. Two narrow cylindrical pipes A and B have the same length.
up; 50 s, when the elevator accelerates down. Determine Pipe A is open at both ends and is filled with a monoatomic
T1 in seconds. gas of molar mass MA. Pipe B is open at one end and
closed at the other end, and is filled with a diatomic gas of
203. The cylinder buoy floats in water and has a mass of 250kg molar mass MB. Both gases are at the same temperature. If
with a low centre of mass to keep it stable in the upright the frequency of the second harmonic of the fundamental
position. Determine the natural frequency n of the buoy. mode in pipe A is equal to the frequency of the third
harmonic of the fundamental mode in pipe B, determine
–3
the value of MA/MB. (in 10 ).
208. A “pop” gun consists of a tube 25 cm long closed at one
D=4m end by a cork and at the other end by a tighly fitted piston.
250 kg The position is pushed slowly in. When the pressure rises
to one and half times the atmospheric pressure, the cork is
water violently blown out. Calculate the frequency of the “pop”
caused by its ejection. (v = 340 m/s)
EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS
OSCILLATIONS faces of A. After the force is withdrawn, block A executes

small oscillations, the time period of which is given by :
FILL IN THE BLANKS (IIT-JEE Questions)
1. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes simple harmonic (a) 2 ML (b) 2 M / L (1992)
oscillational along the x–axis with a frequency of (25/)
Hz. At the position x = 0.04, the object has kinetic energy (c) 2 ML /  (d) 2 M / L
of 0.5 J and potential energy 0.4 J. the amplitude of
6. One end of a long metallic wire of length L is tied to the
oscillations is ................. m. (1994)
celling. The other end is tied to a massless spring of spring
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (Only one option is correct) constant K. A mass m hangs freely from the free end of the
2. A particle executes simple harmonic motion with a spring. The area of cross–section and the Young’s
frequency f. The frequency with which its kinetic energy modulus of the wire are A and Y respectively. If the mass is
oscillates is : (1987) slightly pulled down and released, it will oscillate with a
time period T equal to : (1993)
(a) f/2 (b) f
(c) 2f (d) 4f 1/ 2 m  YA  KL 
(a) 2  m / K  (b) 2
YAK
3. Two bodies M and N of equal masses are suspended from
two separate massless springs of spring constants k1 and 1/ 2
(c) 2  mYA / KL 
1/ 2
k2 respectively. If the two bodies oscillate vertically such (d) 2   mL / YA 
that their maximum velocities are equal, the ratio of the
7. A particle of mass m is executing oscillation about the
one amplitude of vibration of M to that of N is : (1988) 3
origin on the x–axis. Its potential energy is U (x) = k |x| ,
(a) k1/k2 (b) k 2 / k1 where k is a positive constant. If the amplitude of oscillation
is a, then its time period T is : (1998)
(c) k2/k1 (d) k1 / k 2 (a) proportional to 1/ a (b) independent of a
4. A uniform cylinder of length L and mass M having cross– 3/2
(c) proportional to a (d) proportional to a
sectional area A is suspended, with its length vertical, from a
fixed point by a massless spring, such that it is half– 8. A spring of force constant k is cut into two pieces such
submerged in a liquid of density  at equilibrium position. that one piece is double the length of the other. Then the
when the cylinder is given a small downward push and long piece will have a force constant of : (1999)
released it starts oscillating vertically with a small amplitude. (a) 2/3 k (b) 3/2 k
If the force constant of the spring is k, the frequency of
(c) 3 k (d) 6 k
oscillation of the cylinder is : (1990)
9. A particle free to move along the x–axis has potential
1/ 2 1/ 2 2
1  k  Ag  1  k  Ag  energy given by U (x) = k [1 – exp (–x )] for   x  ,
(a)   (b)  
2  M  2  M  where k is a positive constant of appropriate dimensions.
Then : (1999)
1/ 2 1/ 2
1  k  gL2  1  k  Ag  (a) at points away from the origin, the particle is in unstable
(c)   (d)   equilibrium
2  M  2  Ag 
(b) for any finite non–zero value of x, there is a force
5. A highly rigid cubical block A of small mass M and side L directed away from the origin
is fixed rigidly on to another cubical block B of the same (c) if its total mechanical energy is k/2, it has its minimum
dimensions and of low modulus of rigidity  such that the kinetic energy at the origin
lower face of A completely covers the upper face of B. The
lower face of B is rigidly held on a horizontal surface. A (d) for small displacements from x = 0, the motion is simple
small force F is applied perpendicular to one the sides harmonic
10. The period of oscillation of simple pendulum of length L (a) 6/5 (b)5/6
suspended from the roof of the vehicle which moves (c) 1 (d) 4/5
without friction, down an inclined plane of inclinations , 15. The x–t graph of a particle undergoing simple harmonic
is given by : (2000) motion is shown below. The acceleration of the particle at
t = 4/3 s is : (2009)
L L
(a) 2 (b) 2 x
g cos  g sin  (cm)
1
L L
(c) 2 (d) 2
g g tan  0 t(s)
4 8 12
11. A particle executes simple harmonic motion between x = – A
–1
and x = + A. The time taken for it to go from O to A/2 is T1
and to go from A/2 to A is T2, then : (2001)
3 2 2
(a) T1< T2 (b) T1> T2 (a)  cm s 2 (b) cm s2
32 32
(c) T1= T2 (d) T1= 2T2
2 3 2
12. For a particle executing SHM the displacement x given by (c) cm s 2 (d)   cm s 2
x = A cos t. Identify the graph which represents the 32 32
variation of potential energy (PE) as a function of time t 16. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted at the
and displacement x : (2003) centre. Its two ends are attached to two springs of equal
spring constant k. The springs are fixed to rigid supports
as shown in the figure, and rod is free to oscillate in the
horizontal plane. The rod is gently pushed through a small
angle  in one direction and released. The frequency of
oscillation is (2009)
(a) I, III (b) II, IV
(c) II, III (d) I, IV
13. A block P of mass m is placed on a horizontal frictionless
plane. A second block of same mass m is placed on it and is
connected to a spring of spring constant k, the two blocks
are pulled by a distance A. Block Q oscillates without
1 2k 1 k
slipping. What is the maximum value of frictional force (a) (b)
2 M 2 M
between the two blocks ? (2004)
k
1 6k 1 24k
(c) (d)
Q 2 M 2 M
o 17. The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in simple
P
harmonic motion with amplitude A. The amplitude of the
point P is (2009)
(a) kA/2 (b) kA
k1 k2
(c) s mg (d) zero P
M
14. A simple pendulum has time period T1. The point of
suspension is now moved upward according to the relation
k1 A k2 A
y = kt2, (k = 1 m/s2) where y is the vertical displacement. (a) k (b) k
2 1
T12
The time period now becomes T2. The ratio of is
T22 k1 A k2A
(Take g = 10 m/s2) (2005) (c) k  k (d) k  k
1 2 1 2
18. A wooden block performs SHM on frictionless surface with 22. Three simple harmonic motions in the same direction
frequency v0. The block carries a charge +Q on its surface. having the same amplitude and same period are

If now a uniform electric field E is switched-on as shown, superposed. If each differ in phase from the next by 45°,
then the SHM of the block will be (2011) then : (1999)
E 
(a) the resultant amplitude is 1  2 a 
+Q
(b) the phase of the resultant motion relative to the first is 90°
(c) the energy associated with the resulting motion is
(a) of the same frequency and with shifted mean position 3  2 2  times the energy associated with any single
(b) of the same frequency and with the same mean position motion
(c) of changed frequency and with shifted mean position (d) the resulting motion is not simple harmonic.
(d) of changed frequency and with the same mean position
23. Function x  A sin 2 t  Bcos 2 t  C sin t cos t
19. A point mass is subjected to two simultaneous sinusoidal
displacements in x–direction, x 1 (t) = A sin t and represents SHM : (2006)
 2  (a) for any value of A, B and C (except C = 0)

x 2 (t) = A sin  t   . Adding a third sinusoidal
 3 
(b) If A = –B, C = 2 B, amplitude = B 2
displacement x3(t) = B sin (t + ) brings the mass to a
complete rest. The value of B and  are (2011)
(c) If A = B; C = 0
3 4 (d) If A = B ; C = 2 B, amplitude = |B|
(a) 2 A, (b) A,
4 3
24. A metal rod of length L and mass m is pivoted at one end. A
thin disk of mass M and radius R (< L) is attached at its
5 
(c) 3A, (d) A, centre of the free end of the rod. Consider two ways the disc
6 3
is attached. Case A – the disc is not free to rotate about its
20. Two vehicles, each moving with speed u on the same centre and Case B – the disc is free to rotate about its
horizontal straight road, are approaching each other. Wind
centre. The rod-disc system performs SHM in vertical plane
blows along the road with velocity w. One of these vehicles
after being released from the same displaced position. Which
blows a whistle of frequency f1. An observer in the other
vehicles hears the frequency of the whistle to be f2. The of the following statement(s) is/are true ? (2011)
speed of sound in still air is v. The correct statement (s) is
(are) (2013)
(a) If the wind blows from the observer to the source, f2 > f1
(b) If the wind blows from the source to the observer, f2 > f1
(c) If the wind blows from the observer to the source, f2 < f1
(d) If the wind blows from the source to the observer, f2 < f1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (More than one option)
6
21. A linear harmonic oscillator of force constant 2 × 10 N/m
and amplitude 0.01 m has a total mechanical energy of 160 (a) Restoring torque in case A = Restoring torque in case B
J. Its : (1989) (b) Restoring torque in case A < Restoring torque in case B
(a) maximum potential energy is 100 J (c) Angular frequency for case A > Angular frequency for
(b) maximum kinetic energy is 100 J case B
(c) maximum potential energy is 160 J (d) Angular frequency for case A < Angular frequency for
case B
(d) maximum potential energy is zero
25. A horizontal stretched string, fixed at two ends, is vibrating SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
in its fifth harmonic according to the equation, (2013) 28. A point mass m is suspended at the end of massless wire
–1 –1
y (x, t) = (0.01m)[sin(62.8 m )x]cos[(628s )t]. of length L and cross-sectional area A. If Y is the Young’s
Assuming  = 3.14, the correct statement(s) is (are) modulus of elasticity of the material of the wire, obtain the
expression for the frequency of the simple harmonic motion
(a) the number of nodes is 5
along the vertical line. (1978)
(b) the length of the string is 0.25 m
29. A mass M attached to a spring oscillates with a period of
(c) the maximum displacement of the mid-point of the string 2s. If the mass is increased by 2 kg the period increases by
from its equilibrium position is 0.01 m one sec. Find the initial mass M assuming that Hook’s
(d) the fundamental frequency is 100 Hz Law is obeyed. (1979)
26. A block with mass M is connected by a massless spring 30. Two masses m1 and m2 are suspended together by a
with stiffness constant k to a rigid wall and moves without massless spring of spring constant k (figure). When the
friction on a horizontal surface. The block oscillates with masses are in equilibrium, m1 is removed without disturbing
small amplitude A about an equilibrium position x0. Consider the system. Find the angular frequency and amplitude of
two cases: (i) when the block is at x0; and (ii) when the oscillations of m2. (1981)
block is at x = x0 + A . In both the cases, a particle with mass
m (< M) is softly placed on the block after which they stick
to each other. Which of the following statement(s) is(are)
true about the motion after the mass m is placed on the
mass M ? (2016)
(a) The amplitude of oscillation in the first case changes by
M
a factor of , whereas in the second case it remains
mM
unchanged
(b) The final time period of oscillation in both the cases is
same 31. An ideal gas is enclosed in a vertical cylinderical container
(c) The total energy decreases in both the cases and supports a freely moving pistion of mass M. The piston
(d) The instantaneous speed at x0 of the combined masses and the cylinder have equal cross–sectional area A.
decreases in both the cases Atmospheric pressure is P0 and when the piston is in
equilibrium, the volume of the gas is V0. The piston is now
27. Two independent harmonic oscillators of equal mass are
displaced slightly from its equilibrium position. Assuming
oscillating about the origin with angular frequencies 
that the system is completely isolated from its surroundings,
and  and have total energies E1 and E2, respectively, The
show that the piston executes simple harmonic motion and
variation of their momenta p with positions x are shown in
find the frequency of oscillation. (1981)
a a –5
the figures. If = n 2 and = n, then the correct 32. A thin fixed ring of radius 1 m has a positive charge 1 × 10 C
b R
uniformly distributed over it. A particle of mass 0.9 g and
equation(s) is (are) (2015) –6
having a negative charge of 1 × 10 C is placed on the axis
at a distance of 1 cm from the centre of the ring. Show that
the motion of the negatively charged particle is
approximately simple harmonic. Calculate the time period
of oscillations. (1982)
33. Two light springs of force constants k1 and k2 and a block
of mass m are in one line AB on a smooth horizontal table
 such that one end of each spring is fixed on rigid supports
2
(a) E11 = E22 (b)   n and the other end is free as shown in the figure. The

distance CD between the free ends of the spring is 60 cm.
E1 E 2 If the block moves along AB with a velocity 120 cm/s in
(c) 21 = n2 (d)    between the springs, calculate the period of oscillation of
 2
the block.
(k1 = 1.8 N/m, k2 = 3.2 N/m, m = 200 g) (1985)
34. A point particle of mass M attached to one end of a (i) Calculate the frequency of oscillation of ball B.
massless rigid non–conducting rod of length L. Another (ii) Find the speed of ball A when A and B are at the two
point particle of the same mass is attached to the other ends of the diameter PQ.
end of the rod. The two particles carry charges +q and –q (iii) What is the total energy of the system ?
respectivley. This arrangement is held in a region of a
37. A thin rod of length L and uniform cross–section is pivoted
uniform electric field E such that the rod makes a small
at its lowest point P inside a stationary homogeneous and
angle  (say of about 5 degree) with the field direction non–viscous liquid. The rod is free to rotate in a vertical
figure. Find an expression for the minimum time needed plane about a horizontal axis passing through P. The density
for the rod to become parallel to the field after it is set free. d1 of the material of the rod is smaller than the density d2 of
(1989) the liquid. The rod is displaced by small angle  from its
equilibrium position and then released. Show that the motion
of the rod is simple harmonic and determine its angular
frequency in terms of the given parameters. (1996)
35. Two non–viscous, incompressible and immiscible liquids

of densities  and 1.5  are poured into the two limbs of a
circular tube of radius R and small cross–section kept fixed
in a vertical plane as shown in figure. Each liquid occupies
one–fourth the circumference of the tube. (1991)
38. A solid sphere of radius R is floating in a liquid of density
 with half of its volume submerged. If the sphere is slightly
pushed and released, it starts performing simple harmonic
motion. Find the frequency of these oscillations. (2004)
39. A mass m is undergoing SHM in the
vertical direction about the mean position
y 0 with amplitude A and angular
frequency . At a distance y from the mean
(a) Find the angle  that the radius to the interface makes position, the mass detaches from the
with the vertical in equilibrium position. spring. Assume that the spring contracts
(b) If the whole liquid column is given a small displacement and does not obstruct the motion of m.
from its equilibrium position, show that the resulting
Find the distance y* . (measured from the mean position)
oscillations are simple harmonic. Find the time period
such that the height h attained by the block is maximum.
of these oscillations.
36. Two identical balls A and B, each of mass 0.1 kg, are  A 2
g  (2005)
attached to two identical massless springs. The spring–
40. A 0.1 kg mass is suspended from a wire of negligible mass.
mass system is constrained to move inside a rigid smooth
pipe bent in the form of a circle as shown in figure. The The length of the wire is 1m and its cross-sectional area is
pipe is fixed in a horizontal plane. The centres of the balls 4.9×10–7 m2. If the mass is pulled a little in the vertically
can move in a circle of radius 0.06 m. Each spring has a downward direction and released, it perform simple
natural length of 0.06  metre and spring constant 0.1 N/m. harmonic motion of angular frequency 140 rad s–1. If the
Initially, both the balls are displaced by an angle  = /6 Young’s modulus of the material of the wire is n×109 Nm–2
radian with respect to the diameter PQ of the circle (as the value of n is (2010)
shown in figure) and released from rest. (1993)
MATCH THE COLUMN Column-I Column-II

41. Column–I describes some situation in which a small object
moves. Column–II describes some characteristics of these (a) Potential energy of a simple pedulum (p) y
motions. Match the situations in Column–I with the (y-axis) as a function of displacement
characteristic in Column–II. (2007) (x-axis)
Column-I Column-II O x
(a) The object moves on the x–axis (p)The object executes
(b) Displacement (y-axis) as a function (q)
under a conservative force in simple harmonic y
such a way that its“speed” motion. of time (x-axis) for a one dimensional
and “position” satisfy motion at zero or constant accelera-
tion when the body is moving along
v  c1 c2  x 2 ,where c1 and O x
the positive x-direction.
c2 are positive constants.
(c) Range of a projectile (y-axis) as a (r) y
(b) The object moves on the x–axis (q)The object does not
in such a way that its velocity change its direction function of its velocity (x-axis)
and its displacement from the when projected at a fixed angle.
origin satisfy v = –kx, where k O x
is a positive constant.
y
(c) The object is attached to one (r) The kinetic energy
(d) The square of the time period (s)
end of a mass–less spring of a of the object keeps
(y-axis) of a simple pendulum as a
given spring constant. The other on decreasing
end of the spring is attached to function of its length (x-axis).
O x
the ceiling of an elevator. Initially
PASSAGE
everything is at rest. The elevator
starts going upwards with a
constant acceleration a. The motion When a particle of mass m moves on the x–axis in a potential
of the object is observed from the of the form V(x) = kx2, it performs simple harmonic motion.
elevator during the period it m
The corresponding time period is proportional to , as
maintains this acceleration. k
(d) The object is projected from the (s) The object can can be seen easily using dimensional analysis. However,
earth’s surface vertically upwards change its direction the motion of a particle can be periodic even when its
potential energy increases on both sides of x = 0 in a way
GM e
2 , where Me is the mass only once. different from kx2 and its total energy is such that the
Re
particle does not escape to infinity. Consider a particle
of the earth and Re is the radius of mass m moving on the x–axis. Its potential energy is
of the earth. Neglect forces from V(x) = x4 (a > 0) for |x| near the origin and becomes a
objects other than the earth. constant equal to V0 for |x| > X0 (see figure) (2010)
42. Column-I gives a list of possible set of parameters meased V(x)

in some experiments. The variations of the parameters in
the form of graphs are shown in Column-II. Match the set
V0
of parameters given in Column-I with the graphs given in
Column-II. Indicate your answer by darkening the x
appropriate bubbles of the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS. X0
43. If the total energy of the particle is E, it will perform periodic 50. An organ pipe P1 closed at one end vibrating in its first
motion only if harmonic and another pipe P2 open at both ends vibrating
(a) E < 0 (b) E > 0 in its third harmonic are in resonance with a given tuning
fork. The ratio of the length of P1 and P2 is : (1988)
(c) V0 > E > 0 (d) E > V0
(a) 8/3 (b) 3/8
44. For periodic motion of small amplitude A, the time period
T of this particle is proportional to (c) 1/6 (d) 1/3
51. The displacement y of a particle executing periodic motion
m 1 m
(a) A (b) is given by
 A 
1 
 1  y  4 cos2  t  sin 1000 t 
(c) A (d) 2 
m A m
45. The acceleration of this particle for |x| > X0 is This expression may be considered to be a result of the
V0
superposition of ............ independent harmonic motions.
(a) proportional to V0 (b) proportional to mX 0 (a) two (b) three (1992)
(c) four (d) five
V0
(c) proportional to mX0 (d) zero 52. An object of specific gravity  is hung from a thin steel
wire. The fundamental frequency for transverse standing
WAVES waves in the wire is 300 Hz. The object is immersed in
Objective Questions (Only one correct option) water, so that one half of its volume is submerged. The
46. A cylindrical tube, open at both ends, has a fundamental new fundamental frequency (in Hz) is : (1995)
frequency f in air. The tube is dipped vertically in water so 1/ 2 1/ 2
 2  1   2 
that half of its length is in water. The fundamental (a) 300   (b) 300  
frequency of the air column is now (1981)  2   2  1 
(a) f/2 (b) 3 f/4  2   2  1 

(c) 300   (d) 300  
(c) f (d) 2 f  2  1   2 
47. A transverse wave is described by the equation 53. An open pipe is suddenly closed at one end with the
 x result that the frequency of third harmonic of the closed
y  y0 sin 2  ft   . The maximum particle velocity is
  pipe is found to be higher by 100 Hz than the fundamental
equal to four times the wave velocity if (1984) frequency of the open pipe. The fundamental frequency
of the open pipe is : (1996)
(a)   y0 / 4 (b)   y0 / 2
(a) 200 Hz (b) 300 Hz
(c)   y0 (d)   2y0
(c) 240 Hz (d) 480 Hz
48. A tube, closed at one end and containing air, produces, 54. The extensio in a string, obeying Hooke’s law, is x. The
when excited, the fundamental note of frequency 512 Hz.
speed of transverse wave in the stretched string is v. If the
If the tube is opened at both ends the fundamental
frequency that can be excited is (in Hz) (1986) extension in the string is increased to 1.5 x, the speed of
transverse wave will be (1996)
(a) 1024 (b) 512
(a) 1.22 v (b0 0.61 v
(c) 256 (d) 128
49. A wave represented by the equation y = a cos (kx – t) is (c) 1.50 v (d) 0.75 v
superimposed with another wave to form a stationary wave 55. A whistle giving out 450 Hz approaches a stationary
such that point x = 0 is a node. The equation for the other observer at a speed of 33 m/s. The frequency heard by the
wave is : (1988) observer (in Hz) is (Speed of sound = 330 m/s) (1997)
(a) a sin (kx + t) (b) –a cos (kx – t) (a) 409 (b) 429
(c) –a cos (kx + t) (d) –a sin (kx – t) (c) 517 (d) 500
56. A travelling wave in a stretched string is described by the 62. A siren placed at a railway platform is emitting sound of
equation ; frequency 5 kHz. A passanger sitting in a moving train A
y = A sin (kx – t). The maximum particle velocity is records a frequency of 5.5 kHz, while the train approaches
the siren. During his return journey in a different train B he
(a) A (b) /k (1997)
records a frequency of 6.0 kHz while approaching the same
(c) d/dk (d) x/ siren. The ratio of the velocity of train B to that of train A is
–2
57. A string of length 0.4 m and mass 10 kg is tightly clamped
(a) 242/252 (b) 2 (2002)
at its ends. The tension in the string is 1.6 N. Identical wave
pulses are produced at one end at equal intervals of time t. (c) 5/6 (d) 11/6
The minimum value of t, which allows constructive 63. A sonometer wire resonates with a given tuning fork
interference between successive pulses, is (1998) forming standing waves with five antinodes between the
(a) 0.05 s (b) 0.10 s two bridges when a mass of 9 kg is suspended from the
(c) 0.20 s (d) 0.40 s wire. When this mass is replaced by mass M. The wire
58. A train move towards a stationary observer with speed resonates with the same tuning fork forming three
34m/s. The train sounds a whistle and its frequency antinodes for the same positions of the bridges. The value
registered by the observers is f1. If the train’s speed is of M is : (2002)
reduced to 17 m/s, the frequency registered is f2. If the (a) 25 kg (b) 5 kg
speed of sound is 340 m/s then the ratio f1/f2 is (2000)
(c) 12.5 kg (d) 1/25 kg
(a) 18/19 (b) 1/2
64. A police car moving at 22 m/s chases a motorcyclist. The
(c) 2 (d) 19/18 police man sounds his horn at 176 Hz, while both of them
59. Two vibrating strings of the same material but of length move towards a stationary siren of frequency 165 Hz.
L and 2L have radii 2r and r respectively. They are Calculate the speed of the motorcycle. If it is given that
stretched under the same tension. Both the strings vibrate the motorcyclist does not observe any beats (speed of
in their fundamental modes. The one of Length L with sound = 330 m/s) (2003)
frequency v1 and the other with frequency v2. The ratio
v1/v2 is given by (2000)
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 1
60. The ends of a stretched wire of length L are fixed at x = 0
and x = L. In one epxeriment the displacment of the wire is
 x  (a) 33 m/s (b) 22 m/s
y1  A sin   sin t and energy is E1 and in other
 L  (c) zero (d) 11 m/s
 2x  65. In the experiment for the determination of the speed of
experiment its displacement is y 2  A sin   sin 2t
 L  sound in air using the resonance column method, the
and energy is E2. Then (2001)
length of the air column that resonates in the fundamental
(a) E2 = E1 (b) E2 = 2E1
mode, with a tuning fork is 0.1 m. When this length is
(c) E2 = 4 E1 (d) E2 = 16 E1 changed to 0.35 m, the same tuning fork resonates with
61. Two pulses in a stretched string, whose centres are initially the first overtone. Calculate the end correction. (2003)
8 cm apart, are moving towards each other as shown in the
(a) 0.012 m (b) 0.025 m
figure. The speed of each pulse is 2 cm/s. After 2 s the
total energy of the pulses will be (2001) (c) 0.05 m (d) 0.024 m
66. A source of sound of frequency 600 Hz is placed inside
water. The speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s and in air it
is 300 m/s. The frequency of sound recorded by an
observer who is standing in air is (2004)
(a) zero (b) purely kinetic
(c) purely potential (a) 200 Hz (b) 3000 Hz
(d) partly kinetic and partly potential (c) 120 Hz (d) 600 Hz
67. A closed organ pipe of length L and an open organ pipe

contain gases of densities 1 and 2 respectively. The
compressibility of gases are equal in both the pipes. Both
the pipes are vibrating in their first overtone with same
frequency. The length of the open organ pipe is (2004)
(a) L/3 (b) 4L/3
4 L 1 4 L 2 3 3
(c) (d) (a) ĵm / s (b)  ĵm / s
3 2 3 1 50 50
68. An open pipe is in resonance in 2nd harmonic with 3 3
(c) î m / s (d)  î m / s
frequency f1. Now one end of the tube is closed and 50 50
frequency is increased to f2 such that the resonance again
72. A vibrating string of certain length l under a tension T
occurs in nth harmonic. Choose the correct option.(2005)
resonates with a mode corresponding to the first overtone
3
(a) n  3, f 2  f1 (third harmonic) of an air column of length 75 cm inside a
4
tube closed at one end. The string also generates 4 beats/s
5
(b) n  3, f 2  f1 when excited along with a tuning fork of frequency n.
4
Now when the tension of the string is slightly increased
5 the number of beats reduces to 2 per second. Assuming
(c) n  5, f 2  f1
4 the velocity of sound in air to be 340 m/s, the frequency n
3 of the tuning fork in Hz is : (2008)
(d) n  5, f 2  f1
4 (a) 344 (b) 336
69. A tuning fork of 512 Hz is used to produce resonance in a (c) 117.3 (d) 109.3
resonance tube experiment. The level of water at first
73. A hollow pipe of length 0.8 m is closed at one end. At its open
resonance is 30.7 cm and at second resonance is 63.2 cm. end a 0.5 m long uniform string is vibrating in its second
The error in calculating velocity of sound is : (2005) harmonic and it resonates with the fundamental frequency of
(a) 204.1 cm/s (b) 110 cm/s the pipe. If the tension in the wire is 50 N and the speed of
–1
(c) 58 cm/s (d) 280 cm/s sound is 320 ms , the mass of the string is : (2010)
70. A massless rod BD is suspended by two identical massless (a) 5 g (b) 10 g

strings AB and CD of equal lengths. A block of mass m is (c) 20 g (d) 40 g
suspended from point P such that BP is equal to x. If the 74. A police car with a siren of frequency 8 kHz is moving with
fundamental frequency of the left wire is twice the fundamental uniform velocity 36 km/h towards a tall building which
frequency of right wire, then the value of x is: (2006) reflects the sound waves. The speed of sound in air is 320
m/s. The frequency of the siren heard by the car driver is
(a) 8.50 kHz (b) 8.25 kHz (2011)
(a) 7.75 kHz (d) 7.50 kHz
75. A student is performing the experiment of resonance
column. The diameter of the column tube is 4 cm. The
(a) l/5 (b) l/4 frequency of the tuning fork is 512 Hz. The air temperature
(c) 4l/5 (d) 3l/4 is 38°C in which the speed of sound is 336 m/s. The zero of
71. A transverse sinusoidal wave moves along a string in the the meter scale coincides with the top end of the resonance
positive x–direction at a speed of 10 cm/s. The wavelength of column tube. When the first resonance occurs, the reading
the wave is 0.5 m and its amplitude is 10 cm. At a particular of the water level in the column is (2012)
time t, the snap-shot of the wave is shown in figure. The (a) 14.0 cm (b) 15.2 cm
velocity of point P when its displacement is 5 cm is : (2008) (c) 16.4 cm (d) 17.6 cm
76. A student is performing an experiment using a resonance 81. A wave is represented by the equation ;
column and a tuning fork of frequency 244s–1. He is told
y = A sin (10 x + 15 t + /3) ,where x is in metre and t is
that the air in the tube has been replaced by another gas
in second. The expression represents (1990)
(assume that the column remains filled with the gas). If the
minimum height at which resonance occurs is (0.350  (a) a wave travelling in the positive x-direction with a
0.005) m, the gas in the tube is velocity 1.5 m/s
(b) a wave travelling in the negative x-direction with a
(Useful information: 167 RT  640 j 1/2 mole -1/2;
velocity 1.5 m/s
140 RT  590 J1/2 mole-1/2. The molar masses M in grams (c) a wave travelling in the negative x-direction with a
wavelength 0.2 m
10
are given in the options. Take the values of for each (d) a wave travelling in the positive x-direction with a
M
wavelength 0.2 m
gas as given there.) (2014)
82. Two identical straight wires are stretched so as to produce
10 7 6 beats/s when vibrating simultaneously. On changing the
(a) Neon (M = 20,  )
20 10 tension slightly in one of them, the beat frequency remains
unchanged. Denoting by T1 ,T2 the higher and the lower
10 3 initial tension in the strings, then it could be said that while
(b) Nitrogen (M = 28,  )
28 5 making the above changes in tension (1991)
10 9 (a) T2 was decreased (b) T2 was increased
(c) Oxygen (M = 32,  )
32 16 (c) T1 was decreased (d) T1 was increased
10 17 83. A sound wave of frequency f travels horizontally to the

(d) Argon (M = 36,  ) right. It is reflected from a large vertical plane surface
36 32
moving to left with a speed v. The speed of sound in
Objective Questions (One or more correct option) medium is c (1995)
77. A wave equation which gives the displacement along the (a) The number of waves striking the surface per second
y-direction is given by : y = 10–4 sin (60 t + 2x) where x and
y are in metre and t is time in second. This represents a
is f
c  v
wave (1981) c
(a) travelling with a velocity of 30 m/s in the negative
x–direction c  c  v
(b) The wavelength of reflected wave is
(b) of wavelength m f  c  v
(c) of frequency 30/ Hz (d) of amplitude 10–4m
(c) The frequency of the reflected wave is f
c  v
78. An air column in a pipe, which is closed at one end, will
be in resonance with a vibrating tuning fork of frequency c  v
264 Hz, if the length of the column in cm is (Speed of (d) The number of beats heard by a stationary listener to
sound in air–330 m/s) (1985)
vf
(a) 31.25 (b) 62.50 the left of the reflecting surface is
cv
(c) 93.75 (d) 125
79. The displacement of particles in a string stretched in the 84. A wave disturbance in a medium is described by
x-direction is represented by y. Among the following
expressions for y, those describing wave motion is (are)  
y  x, t   0.02 cos  50t   cos (10 x), where x and y
 2
(a) cos kx sin t (b) k2x2 – 2t2 (1987)
2
(c) cos (kx + t) 2 2 2 2
(d) cos (k x –  t ) are in metre and t is in second. (1995)
80. Velocity of sound in air is 320m/s. A pipe closed at one end (a) A node occurs at x = 0.1 5 m
has a length of 1 m. Neglecting end corrections, the air column (b) An antinode occurs at x = 0.3 m
in the pipe can resonate for sound of frequency (1989)
(c) The speed of wave is 5 ms–1
(a) 80 Hz (b) 240 Hz
(d) The wavelength of wave is 0.2 m
(c) 320 Hz (d) 400 Hz
85. The (x, y) coordinates of the corners of a square plate are resonances in the air-column were obtained by lowering
(0,0), (L,0,), (L,L) and (0,L). The edges of the plate are the water level. The resonance with the shorter air-column
clamped and transverse standing waves are set-up in it. is the first resonance and that with the longer air column
If u(x,y) denotes the displacement of the plate at the point
is the second resonance. Then, (2009)
(x, y)at some instant of time, the possible expression (s)
for u is (are) (a = positive constant) (1998) (a) the intensity of the sound heard at the first resonance
(a) a cos (x/ 2L) cos (y/2L) was more than that at the second resonance
(b) a sin (x/L)sin (y/L) (b) the prongs of the tuning fork were kept in a horizontal
(c) a sin (x/L)sin ( 2y/L) plane above the resonance tube
(d) a cos (2x/L)sin (y/L) (c) the amplitude of vibration of the ends of the prongs
86. A transverse sinusoidal wave of amplitude a, wavelength is typically around 1 cm
 and frequency f is travelling on a stretched string. The
(d) the length of the air–column at the first resonance
maximum speed of any point on the string is v /10, where
v is the speed of propagation of the wave. If a = 10–3 m was somewhat shorter than l/4th of the wavelength
and v = l0 m/s, then  and f are given by (1998) of the sound in air
(a)  = 2 × 10–2 m (b)  = 10–3 m 92. A person blows into open-end of a long pipe. As a result,
a high-pressure pulse of air travels down the pipe. When
103
(c) f  Hz (d) f = 104 Hz this pulse reaches the other end of the pipe, (2012)
2
(a) a high-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe, if
87. As a wave propagates (1999)
the other end of the pipe is open.
(a) the wave intensity remains constant for a plane wave
(b) a low-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe, if
(b) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse of the
the other end of the pipe is open
distance from the source for a spherical wave
(c) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse square of (c) a low-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe, if the
the distance from the source for a spherical wave other end of the pipe is closed
(d) total intensity of the spherical wave over the spherical (d) a high-pressure pulse starts travelling up the pipe, if
surface centered at the source remains constant at all the other end of the pipe is closed.
times
93. A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a mass-less
0.8 spring of force constant k, lying on a frictionless horizontal
88. Y  x, t   represents a moving pulse
 4x  5t 2  5 plane. The other end of the spring is fixed. The particle
 
starts moving horizontally from its equilibrium position at
where x and are in metre and t is in second. Then,(1999)
time t = 0 with an initial velocity u0. When the speed of the
(a) pulse is moving in positive x-direction
particle is 0.5 u0, it collides elastically with a rigid wall.
(b) in 2 s it will travel a distance of 2.5 m
After this collision (2013)
(c) its maximum displacement is 0.16 m
(a) the speed of the particle when it returns to its equilibrium
(d) it is a symmetric pulse
position is u0
89. In a wave motion y = a sin (kx – t), y can represent (1999)
(b) the time at which the particle passes through the
(a) electric field (b) magnetic field
(c) displacement (d) pressure m
equilibrium position for the first time is t  
90. Standing waves can be produced (1999) k
(a) on a string clamped at both ends (c) the time at which the maximum compression of the spring
(b) on a string clamped at one end and free at the other
4 m
(c) when incident wave gets reflected from a wall occurs is t 
3 k
(d) when two identical waves with a phase difference of 
are moving in the same direction (d) the time at which the particle passes through the
91. A student performed the experiment to measure the speed 5 m
equilibrium position for the second time is t 
of sound in air using resonance air-column method. Two 3 k
94. One end of a taut string of length 3 m along the x axis is (a) The plot below represents schematically the
fixed at x = 0. The speed of the waves in the string is 100 variation of beat frequency with time
ms-1. The other end of the string is vibrating in the y
direction so that stationary waves are set up in the string.
The possible waveform(s) of these stationary waves
is(are) (2014)
x 50 t
(a) y (t) = A sin cos
6 3
x 100t (b) The plot below represents schematically the

(b) y (t) = A sin cos variation of beat frequency with time
3 3
5x 250t
(c) y (t) = A sin cos
6 3
5x
(d) y (t) = A sin cos 250t
2
95. A container of fixed volume has a mixture of one mole of

hydrogen and one mole of helium in equilibrium at
(c) The rate of change in beat frequency is maximum
temperature T. Assuming the gases are ideal, the correct
when the car passes through Q
statement(s) is (are) (2015)
(d) vP + vR = 2 vQ
(a) The average energy per mole of the gas mixture is 2RT
Passage - I
(b) The ratio of speed of sound in the gas mixture to that
Two plane harmonic sound waves are expressed by the
in helium gas is 6/5 equations.
(c) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of y1 (x, t) = A cos (0.5 x – 100 t)
1 y2 (x, t) = A cos (0.46 x – 92 t)
hydrogen molecules is
2 (All parameters are in MKS)
(d) The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of 97. How many times does an observer hear maximum intensity
1 in one second ? (2006)
hydrogen molecules is (a) 4 (b) 10
2
(c) 6 (d) 8
96. Two loudspeakers M and N are located 20 m apart and
emit sound at frequencies 118 Hz and 121 Hz, 98. What is the speed of the sound ? (2006)
respectively. A car is initially at a point P , 1800 m away (a) 200 m/s (b) 180 m/s
from the midpoint Q of the line MN and moves towards (c) 192 m/s (d) 96 m/s
Q constantly at 60 km/hr along the perpendicular bisector
99. At x = 0 how many times the amplitude of y1 + y2 is zero in
of MN. It crosses Q and eventually reaches a point R,
one second ? (2006)
1800 m away from Q. Let v(t) represent the beat
frequency measured by a person sitting in the car at (a) 192 (b) 48
time t. Let vP, vQ and vR be the beat frequencies measured (c) 100 (d) 96
at locations P, Q and R, respectively. The speed of sound
in air is 330 ms–1. Which of the following statement(s)
is(are) true regarding the sound heard by the person?
(2016)
Passage - II
Two trains A and B are moving with speeds 20 m/s and 30
m/s respectively in the same direction on the same straight
track, with B ahead of A. The engines are at the front ends.
The engine of train A blows a long whistle. (d)
f1 f2 Frequency
102. The spread of frequency as observed by the passengers

in train B is
(a) 310 Hz (b) 330 Hz
f1 f2 Frequency
(c) 350 Hz (d) 290 Hz
Assume that the sound of the whistle is composed of Fill in the Blanks
components varying in frequency from f1 = 800 Hz to
103. A travelling wave has the frequency v and the particle
f2 = 1120 Hz, as shown in the figure. The spread in the displacement amplitude A. For the wave the particle
frequency (highest frequency–lowest frequency) is thus velocity amplitude is ............ and the particle acceleration
320 Hz. The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s. amplitude is .......... (1983)
100. The speed of sound of the whistle is (2007) 104. Sound waves of frequency 660 Hz all normally on a
(a) 340 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for passengers in B perfectly reflecting wall. The shortest distance from the
wall at which the air particles have maximum amplitude
(b) 360 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for passengers in B of vibration is .............. m. Speed of sound = 330 m/s.
(c) 310 m/s for passengers in A and 360 m/s for passengers in B (1984)
(d) 340 m/s for passengers in both the trains 105. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the
equation y1 = 10 sin (3t + /4) and
101. The distribution of the sound intensity of the whistle as
observed by the passengers in train A is best represented 
y 2  5 sin 3t  3 cos 3t 
by (2007)
Their amplitudes are in the ratio of .......... (1986)
106. In a sonometer wire, the tension is maintained by
suspending a 50.7 kg mass from the free end of the wire.
3
The suspended mass has a volume of 0.0075 m . The
(a) fundamental frequency of vibration of the wire is 260
Hz. If the suspended mass is completely submerged in
f1 f2 Frequency water, the fundamental frequency will become ..........
Hz. (1987)
107. The amplitude of a wave disturbance travelling in the
1
positive x–direction is given by y  2
at time t = 0
1  x 
(b)
1
and by y  at t = 2 s, where x and y are in
f1 f2 Frequency 1  x 12 
 
metre. The space of the wave disturbance does not
change during the propagation. The velocity of the wave
is ..... m/s. (1990)
108. A cylinder resonance tube open at both ends has
fundamental frequency f in air. Half of the length of the
(c)
tube is dipped vertically in water. The fundamental
f1 f2 Frequency frequency to the air column now is .......... (1992)
109. A bus is moving towards a huge wall with a velocitty moved away from the vibrating wire with a constant speed
–1
of 5 m/s . The driver sounds a horn of frequency and an observer standing near the sonometer hears one
200 Hz. The frequency of the beats heard by a passenger beat per second. Calculate the speed with which the tuning
of the bus will be ..... Hz. (Speed of sound in air = fork is moved, if the speed of sound in air is 300 m/s. (1983)
–1
342 ms ) (1992) 118. A uniform rope of length 12m and mass 6 kg hangs
110. A plane progressive wave of frequency 25 Hz, amplitude vertically from a rigid support. A block of mass 2 kg is
–5
2.5 × 10 m and initial phase zero propagates along the attached to the free end of the rope. A transverse pulse of
negative x–direction with a velocity of 300 m/s. At any wavelength 0.06 m is produced at the lower end of the
instant, the phase difference between the oscillations at rope. What is the wavelength of the pulse when it reaches
two points 6 m apart along the line of propagation is the top of the rope ? (1984)
.......... and the corresponding amplitude difference is 119. A steel wire of length 1 m, mass 0.1 kg and uniform cross-
.......... m. (1997) sectional area 10–6m2 is rigidly fixed at both ends. The
111. The ratio of the velocity of sound in hydrogen gas temperature of the wire is lowered by 20°C. If transverse
waves are set-up by plucking the string in the middle,
 7  5 calculate the frequency of the fundamental mode of
    to that in helium gas     at the same
 5  3 vibration. (1984)
11 2 –5
temperature is 21/ 5. Given : steel =2 × 10 N/m , steel =1.21 × l0 /°C.
120. The vibrations of a string of length 60 cm fixed at both
112. A plane wave of sound travelling in air is incident upon a
ends are represented by the equation ;
plane water surface. The angle of incidence is 60°.
Assuming Snell’s law to be valid for sound waves, it
 x 
follows that the sound wave will be refracted into water y  4sin   cos  96 t 
 15 
away from the normal. (1984)
113. A source of sound with frequency 256 Hz is moving where x and y are in cm and t is in second. (1985)
with a velocity v towards a wall and an observer is (a) What is the maximum displacement of a point at x=5cm?
stationary between the source and the wall. When the (b) Where are the nodes located along the string?
observer is between the source and the wall he will hear
(c) What is the velocity of the particle at ;c = 7.5 cm at
beats. (1985)
t= 0.25 s ?
Analytical & Descriptive Questions
(d) Write down the equations of the component waves
114. A copper wire is held at the two ends by rigid supports. whose superposition gives the above wave.
At 30°C, the wire is just taut, with negligible tension. Find
the speed of transverse waves in this wire at 10°C. 121. Two tuning forks with natural frequencies of 340 Hz each
Given : Young modulus of copper =1.3 × l0 11 N/m2. move relative to a stationary observer. One fork moves
Coefficient of linear expansion of copper = 1.7 × 10–5 °C–1. away from the observer, while the other moves towards
Density of copper = 9 × 103 kg/m3. (1979) him at the same speed. The observer hears beats of
115. A source of sound of frequency 256 Hz is moving rapidly frequency 3 Hz. Find the speed of the tuning fork. Speed
towards a wall with a velocity of 5 m/ s. How many beats of sound = 340 m/s. (1986)
per second will be heard by the observer on source itself 122. The following equations represent transverse waves;
if sound travels at a speed of 330 m/s ? (1981)
zl = A cos (kx – t)
116. A string 25 cm long and having a mass of 2.5 g is under
tension . A pipe closed at one end is 40 cm long. When z2 = A cos (kx + t)
the string is set vibrating in its first overtone and the air z3 = A cos (ky – t)
in the pipe in its fundamental frequency, 8 beats/s are
Identify the combination (s) of the waves which will
heard. It is observed that decreasing the tension in the
string decreases the beat frequency. If the speed of sound produce
in air is 320 m/s find the tension in the string. (1982) (a) standing wave (s),
117. A sonometer wire under tension of 64 N vibrating in its (b) a wave travelling in the direction making an angle of
fundamental mode is in resonance with a vibrating tuning 45 degrees with the positive x and positive y–axes. In
fork. The vibrating portion of the sonometer wire has a length each case, find the position at which the resultant
of 10 cm and mass of 1 g. The vibrating tuning fork is now
intensity is always zero. (1987)
123. A train approaching a hill at a speed of 40 km/h sounds a (b) Find the time for which the detector remains idle in
whistle of frequency 580 Hz when it is at a distance of 1 each cycle of the intensity of the signal.
km from a hill. A wind with a speed of 40 km/h is blowing 127. A metallic rod of length 1 m is rigidly clamped at its mid
in the direction of motion of the train . Find (1988) point. Longitudinal stationary waves, are set-up in the
(a) the frequency of the whistle as heard by an observer rod in such a way that there are two nodes on either side
on the hill, of the mid-point. The amplitude of an antinode is 2× 10–6 m.
(b) the distance from the hill at which the echo from the Write the equation of motion at a point 2 cm from the mid-
hill is heard by the driver and its frequency. (Velocity point and those of the constituent waves in the rod.
of sound in air = 1200 km/h) (Young’s modulus of the material of the rod = 2 × 1011 Nm–2;
124. A source of sound is moving along a circular path of density = 8000 kg-m–3) (1994)
radius 3 m with an angular velocity of 10 rad/s. A sound 128. A whistle emitting a sound of frequency 440 Hz is tied to a
detector located far away from the source is executing string of 1.5 m length and rotated with an angular velocity of
linear simple harmonic motion along the line BD (see fig.) 20 rad/s in the horizontal plane. Calculate the range of
with an amplitude BC = CD = 6 m. The frequency of frequencies heard by an observer stationed at a large distance
oscillation of the detector is 5/ per second. The source is
from the whistle. (Speed of sound = 330 m/s). (1996)
at the point A when the detector is at the point B. If the
source emits a continuous sound wave of frequency 340 129. A band playing music at a frequency f is moving towards a
Hz, find the maximum and the minimum frequencies recorded wall at a speed vb. A motorist is following the band with a
by the detector. (Speed of sound = 340 m/s) (1990) speed vm. If v is the speed of sound. Obtain an expression
for the beat frequency heard by the motorist. (1997)
130. The air column in a pipe closed at one end is made to
vibrate in its second overtone by tuning fork of frequency
440 Hz. The speed of sound in air is 330 m/s. End
corrections may be neglected. Let p0 denote the mean
pressure at any point in the pipe and p0 the maximum
125. The displacement of the medium in a sound wave is given amplitude of pressure variation. (1998)
by the equation yi = A cos (ax + bt) where A, a and b are (a) Find the length L of the air column.
positive constants. The wave is reflected by an obstacle
situated a x = 0. The intensity of the reflected wave is 0.64 (b) What is the amplitude of pressure variation at the
times that of the incident wave. (1991) middle of the column ?
(a) What are the wavelength and frequency of incident wave? (c) What are the maximum and minimum pressures at the
(b) Write the equation for the reflected wave. open end of the pipe ?
(c) In the resultant wave formed after reflection, find the (d) What are the maximum and minimum pressures at the
maximum and minimum values of the particle speeds closed end of the pipe ?
in the medium. 131. A long wire PQR is made by joining two wires PQ and QR
(d) Express the resultant wave as a superposition of a of equal radii. PQ has length 4.8 m and mass 0.06 kg. QR
standing wave and a travelling wave. What are the has length 2.56 m and mass 0.2 kg. The wire PQR is under
positions of the antinodes of the standing wave? What a tension of 80 N. A sinusoidal wave pulse of amplitude
is the direction of propagation of travelling wave ? 3.5 cm is sent along the wire PQ from the end P. No power
126. Two radio stations broadcast their programmes at the is dissipated during the propagation of the wave pulse.
same amplitude A and at slightly different frequencies 1 Calculate (1999)
and 2 respectively, where 1 – 2 = 103 Hz. A detector
(a) the time taken by the wave pulse to reach the other
receives the signals from the two stations simultaneously.
It can only detect signals of intensity > 2 A2. (1993) end R and
(a) Find the time interval between successive maxima of (b) the amplitude of the reflected and transmitted wave
the intensity of the signal received by the detector. pulse after the incident wave pulse crosses the joint Q.
132. A 3.6 m long pipe resonates with a source of frequency in pipe resonates with a tuning fork of frequency 480 Hz
212.5 Hz when water level is at certain heights in the pipe. when the minimum length of the air column is 16 cm. Find
Find the heights of water level (from the bottom of the the speed of sound in air at room temperature. (2003)
pipe) at which resonances occur. Neglect end correction. 136. A string of mass per unit length  is clamped at both ends
Now the pipe is filled to a height H (  3.6m). A small hole such that one end of the string is at x = 0 and the other is
is drilled very close to its bottom and water is allowed to at x = l. When string vibrates in fundamental mode
leak. Obtain an expression for the rate of fall of water level amplitude of the mid-point O of the string is a, and tension
in the pipe as a function of H. If the radii of the pipe and in the string is T. Find the total oscillation energy stored
the hole are 2 × 10–2 m and l × 10–3 m respectively. Calculate in the string. (2003)
the time interval between the occurrence of first two
137. An observer standing on a railway crossing receives
resonances. Speed of sound in air is 340 m/s and g = 10m/s2.
frequency of 2.2 kHz and 1.8 kHz when the train
(2000)
approaches and recedes from the observer. Find the
133. A boat is travelling in a river with a speed 10 m/s along the velocity of the train.
stream flowing with a speed 2 m/s. From this boat a sound
(The speed of the sound in air is 300 m/s.) (2005)
transmitter is lowered into the river through a rigid support.
The wavelength of the sound emitted from the transmitter 138. A harmonically moving transverse wave on a string has a
inside the water is 14.45 mm. Assume that attenuation of maximum particle velocity and acceleration of 3 m/s and 90
2
sound in water and air is negligible. (2001) m/s respectively. Velocity of the wave is 20 m/s. Find the
waveform. (2005)
(a) What will be the frequency detected by a receiver
kept inside the river downstream? 139. A 20 cm long string, having a mass of 1.0 g, is fixed at both
(b) The transmitter and the receiver are now pulled up into the ends. The tension in the string is 0.5 N. The string is
air. The air is blowing with a speed 5 m/s in the direction set into vibration using an external vibrator of frequency
opposite to the river stream. Determine the frequency 100 Hz. Find the separation (in cm) between the successive
of the sound detected by the receiver. (Temperature of nodes on the string. (2009)
the air and water =20° C ; Density of river water = 103 140. A stationary source is emitting sound at a fixed frequency
kg/m3 ; Bulk modulus of the water =2.088 × 109 Pa ; Gas f0, which is reflected by two cars approaching the source.
constant R = 8.31 J/mol-K ; Mean molecular mass of air The difference between the frequencies of sound reflected
= 28.8 × 10–3 kg/mol; Cp/CV for air = 1.4) from the cars is 1.2% of f0. What is the difference in the
134. Two narrow cylindrical pipes A and B have the same speeds of the cars (in km per hour) to the nearest integer ?
length. Pipe A is open at both ends and is filled with a The cars are moving at constant speeds much smaller than
–1
monoatomic gas of molar mass MA. Pipe B is open at one the speed of sound which is 330 ms .
end and closed at the other end, and is filled with a 141. When two progressive waves y1 = 4 sin (2x – 6t) and
diatomic gas of molar mass MB. Both gases are at the
same temperature. (2002)  
y2 = 3 sin  2x  6t   are superimposed, the amplitude
 2
(a) If the frequency to the second harmonic of pipe A is
equal to the frequency of the third harmonic of the of the resultant wave is (2010)
fundamental mode in pipe B, determine the value of 142. A Young’s double slit interference arrangement with slits
MA/MB. 4
S1 and S2 is immersed in water (refractive index = ) as
(b) Now the open end of the pipe B is closed (so that the 3
pipe is closed at both ends). Find the ratio of the shown in the figure. The position of maximum on the
fundamental frequency in pipe A to that in pipe B. surface of water are given by x2 = p2m22 – d2, where  is
135. In a resonance tube experiment to determine the speed of the wavelength of light in air (refractive index = 1), 2d is
the separation between the slits and m is an integer. The
sound in air, a pipe of diameter 5 cm is used. The air column
value of p is (2015)
Match the Column

145. Column-I show four systems, each of the same length L, for
producing standing waves. The lowest possible natural
frequency of a system is called its fundamental frequency,
whose wavelength is denoted as f. Match each system
with statements given in Column-II describing the nature
and wavelength of the standing waves. (2011)
Column-I Column-II
(A) Pipe closed at one end (p) Longitudinal waves
143. Four harmonic waves of equal frequencies and equal
 
intensities I0 have phases angles  and . When
  O L
they are superposed, the intensity of the resulting wave (B) Pipe open at both ends (q) Transverse waves
is nI0.The value of n is. (2015)
144. Two men are walking along a horizontal straight line in
the same direction. The man in front walks at a speed 1.0
ms-1 and the man behind walks at a speed 2.0 ms-1. A third O L
man is standing at a height 12 m above the same horizontal (C) Stretched wire clamped at (r) f = L
line such that all three men are in a vertical plane. The two both ends
walking men are blowing identical whistles which emit a
sound of frequency 1430 Hz. The speed of sound in air is
330 ms-1. At the instant, when the moving men are 10 m O L
apart, the stationary man is equidistant from them. The
frequency of beats in Hz, heard by the stationary man at (D) Strentched wire clamped at (s) f = 2L
this instant, is _______. (2018) both ends and at mid-point
O L
L/2
(t) f = 4L

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a)

9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d)
17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (b) 21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (c)
25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (c) 31. (b) 32. (b)
33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (c) 46. (b) 47. (d) 48. (d)
49. (a) 50. (b) 51. (b) 52. (d) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (d)
57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (b) 61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (a)
65. (c) 66. (b) 67. (c) 68. (c) 69. (a) 70. (c) 71. (a) 72. (a)
73. (a) 74. (a) 75. (c) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (b) 79. (a) 80. (a)
81. (b) 82. (b) 83. (a) 84. (d) 85. (a) 86. (a) 87. (b) 88. (c)
89. (b) 90. (d) 91. (a) 92. (b) 93. (c) 94. (b) 95. (b) 96. (b)
97. (b) 98. (b) 99. (c) 100. (a) 101. (c) 102. (c) 103. (c) 104. (c)
105. (c) 106. (b) 107. (d) 108. (a) 109. (d) 110. (b) 111. (b) 112. (b)
113. (d) 114. (b) 115. (b) 116. (d) 117. (d) 118. (c) 119. (c) 120. (d)
EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAINS QUESTIONS
Oscilation
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c)
9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a)
17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (a,c) 20. (d) 21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (a, b)
25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d) 31. (a) 32. (c)
33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d)
41. (c) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (b) 46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (d)
49. (a) 50. (d) 51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (a) 55. (a)
Wave
56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (b) 60. (b) 61. (a) 62. (c) 63. (a)
64. (c) 65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (d) 69. (b) 70. (a) 71. (d)
72. (b) 73. (b) 74. (c) 75. (d) 76. (b) 77. (a) 78. (a) 79. (b)
80. (d) 81. (d) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (b) 85. (a) 86. (c) 87. (d)
88. (c) 89. (c) 90. (d) 91. (b) 92. (a) 93. (d) 94. (a) 95. (b)
96. (b)
EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d)

9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (c)
17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (c)
25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (a)
33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (d)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (a)
49. (c) 50. (c) 51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (c)
57. (b) 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (a) 61. (none) 62. (c) 63. (a) 64. (c)
65. (d) 66. (a) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (c) 70. (d) 71. (d) 72. (d)
73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (a, c) 76. (a, c) 77. (b, c) 78. (a, c, d) 79. (b, c, d) 80. (b)
81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (b) 84. (c) 85. (b) 86. (b) 87. (c) 88. (c)
89. (c) 90. (d) 91. (a  q; b  p; c  s; d  r) 92. (a  r; b  p; c  q; d  s)
93. (d) 94. (a) 95. (a) 96. (d) 97. (b) 98. (b) 99. (d) 100. (d)
101. (a) 102. (b) 103. (c) 104. (c) 105. (b) 106. (b) 107. (c) 108. (d)
109. (b) 110. (b) 111. (c) 112. (c) 113. (d) 114. (a) 115. (a) 116. (c)
117. (d) 118. (c) 119. (d) 120. (a) 121. (a) 122. (c) 123. (a) 124. (b)
125. (d) 126. (a) 127. (d) 128. (d) 129. (b) 130. (d) 131. (c) 132. (c)
133. (c) 134. (c) 135. (b) 136. (b) 137. (a) 138. (d) 139. (b) 140. (c)
141. (a) 142. (b) 143. (b) 144. (d) 145. (a) 146. (b) 147. (c) 148. (b)
149. (b) 150. (a) 151. (a) 152. (a) 153. (b) 154. (d) 155. (a) 156. (a)
157. (d) 158. (b) 159. (c) 160. (b) 161. (c) 162. (b) 163. (a) 164. (c)
165. (d) 166. (b) 167. (b) 168. (b) 169. (d) 170. (c) 171. (a, b, c, d) 172. (a, b)
173. (a, b, c, d) 174. (a, c) 175. (a) 176. (d) 177. (a) 178. (c) 179. (a) 180. (a)
181. (d) 182. (a) 183. (d) 184. (a) 185. (d) 186. (a) 187. (a) 188. (b)
189. (b) 190. (e) 191. (a) 192. (a) 193. (a) 194. (a) 195. (b) 196 (c)
197. (c) 198. (a – r. s; b – r, s; c – s; d – q) 199. (a – q; b – p; c – r, s; d – r)
200. (a – r; b – p; c – s; d – q) 201. (0034) 202. (0014) 203. (0022) 204. (0003) 205. (0018) 206. (32.9 ms)
207. (2116) 208. (510 Hz)
EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS
1. (0.06) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b)

9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (c)
17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (a, b) 21. (b, c) 22. (a, c) 23. (b, d) 24. (a, d)
1 yA k mg
25. (b, c) 26. (a,b,d) 27. (b, d) 28. f  29. M = 1.6 kg 30.   ,A 1
2 mL m2 k
1 V0 M  ML 1 R
1
31. 2  P A 2  MgA 32. 0.628 s 33. 2.82 s 34. 35. (a)   tan (b) 2
0   2 2qE 5 6.11
1 3g  d 2  d1  1 3g g
36. (i) Hz (ii) 0.0628 m/s (iii) 3.9 × 10–4 J 37.   38. 39.
 2d1L 2 2R 2
40. (0004) 41. (a – p); (b – q); (c – p); (d – q, r) 42. (a  p or p, s); (b  q, s or q, r, s) (c  s); (d  q)
43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49. (c) 50. (c)
51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (d) 56. (a) 57. (b) 58. (d)
59. (d) 60. (c) 61. (b) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (b) 65. (b) 66. (d)
67. (c) 68. (c) 69. (d) 70. (a) 71. (a) 72. (a) 73. (b) 74. (a)
75. (b) 76. (d) 77. (a, b, c, d) 78. (a, c) 79. (a, c) 80. (a, b, d) 81. (b, c) 82. (b, c)
83. (a, b, c) 84. (a, b, c, d) 85. (b, c) 86. (a, c) 87. (a, c, d) 88. (b, c, d) 89. (a, b, c, d) 90. (a, b, c)
91. (a, d) 92. (b, d) 93. (a, d) 94. (a, c, d) 95. (a, b, d) 96. (b,c,d) 97. (a) 98. (a)
2 2
99. (c) 100. (b) 101. (a) 102. (a) 103. (2vA, 4 v A) 104. (0.125) 105. (1 : 1)
106. (240) 107. (0.5) 108. (f) 109. (6) 110. (, zero) 111. (False) 112. (True) 113. (False)
114. 70.1 m/s 115. 7.87 Hz 116. 27.04 N 117. 0.75 m 118. 0.12 m 119. 11 Hz
 x   x 
120. (a) 2 3 cm , (b) x = 0, 15 cm, 30 cm ... etc (c) zero (d) y1  2sin   96t  and y 2  2sin   96t 
 15   15 
 
121. 1.5 m/s 122. (a) z1 and z2; x = (2n + 1) where n = 0, ± 1, ± 2 ... etc. (b) z1 and z3, x – y = (2n + 1) where n = 0, ± 1, ± 2 ... etc
2k k
123. (a) 599.33 Hz (b) 0.935 km, 621.43 Hz 124. 438.7 Hz, 257.3 Hz
2 b
125. (a) , (b) yr = – 0.8 A cos (ax – bt) (c) 1.8 Ab, zero (d) y = – 1.6 A sin ax sin bt + 0.2 A cos (ax + bt). Antinodes are at
a 2
n
  1  
x = n   . Travelling wave is propagation in negative x–direction. 126. (a) 6.28 × 10–3 s (b) 1.57 × 10–3 s
 2  a
127. y = 2 × 10–6 sin (0.1 p) sin (25000 pt), y1 = 10–6 sin (25000 pt – 5 px), y2 = 10–6 sin (25000 pt + 5 px) 128. 403.3 Hz to 484 Hz
2v b  v  v m  15 p
129. 130. (a) m (b)  0 (c) equal to mean pressure (d) p + Dp , p – Dp
v 2
v 2
b  16 2 0 0 0 0
dH
131. (a) 0.14 s (b) Ar = 1.5 cm and At = 2.0 cm 132. 3.2 m, 2.4 m, 1.6 m, 0.8 m, 
dt

 1.11  10 2  H , 43 s
400 3 2 a 2 T
133. (a) 1.0069 × 105 Hz (b) 1.0304 × 105 Hz 134. (a) (b) 135. 336 m/s 136.
189 4 4
137. vT = 30 m/s 138. y = (0.1 m) sin [(30 rad/s) t ± (1.5 m–1) x + f] 139. (0005) 140. (0007)
141. (0005) 142. (0003) 143. (0003) 144. (5) 145. (A – p, t; B – p, s; C – q, s; D – q, r)
Dream on !!


CH 10. Oscilation and Waves (Phy +1)

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CH 10. Oscilation and Waves (Phy +1)

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Table of Contents

Oscilation and Waves

 Solved Examples .................................................................................................................... 10

 Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions ............................................................................... 24

 Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE Mains Questions ................................................................ 37

 Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions ....................................................................... 47

 Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions .......................................................... 69

 Answer Key ............................................................................................................................. 86

Oscillation and Waves

 At any position x, v (x) = ±  A 2  x 2 1 2 1

 Velocity has maximum magnitude at mean position.

2. TIME PERIOD OF S.H.M.

 If step (c) and step (d) are proved then it is a simple

elongation block elongation

2.2 Oscillation of a Cylinder Floating in a liquid R

Instead of straight line motion, if a particle or centre of

cylinder in equilibrium cylinder displaced downwards I

 Time period of a pendulum in a lift :

Consider a liquid column of mass m and density  in a U- 

In equilibrium liquid displaced by x 2.5.2 Physical Pendulum

 Mean position : when height of liquid is same in both I

2.4 Body Oscillation in tunnel along any chord of earth l

t=0 t = T/2 2. Fixed at one end

n Only odd harmonics are possible in this case.

n Let us consider net effect of two waves of frequencies

 y = A  sin 21 t  sin 2 2 t 

Thus the resultant wave can be represented as a

 the number of loud sounds per second =  1 –  2

Filling a tuning form increases its frequency of vibration.

Sing Convention. All velocities along the direction S

v v (g) If the source and listener are both in motion in the

It means, there is no change in the frequency of sound

If case the medium is also moving, the speed of sound

A body oscillates with SHM along with X-axis. Its

Thus, the block and the piston separate, when

Sol. We are given that l l

Example - 14 Sol. With usual notations, we are given that

mv2 2 2 Sol. (a) Speed v =  A 2  x 2  2v A 2  x 2

F 4 2 v 2 mr (b) PE of the mass when it momentarily comes to rest (at the

4  9.87  (5) 2  2  0.4 1 1

Sol. For SHM along X-axis,

2.3026  2  0.2  0.3010

For the damped oscillator shown in Figure, the mass m of m

WAVES (a) The reflected sound is travelling in air.

Example - 28 Therefore if a is the wavelength of the reflected wave,

An observer standing at the sea coast observes 54 waves a 340 m / s

y = A sin [t + kx + 0] ...(ii) Sol. We are given that

As the wave travels towards the positive direction of X- Example - 36

v1 = 256 Hz According to the law of length,

Since the string vibrates in 2 segments, vL = v’L’

v1 = 2v or v × 73 = (v + 3) (72.5) = 72.5 v + 217.5

Example - 51 From eqns. (i) and (ii),

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

(d) 4 2 3 1 (c) 5  (d) 20 

20. A block is left from x = + A, its speed at x  is

(a) (3A) m/s (b) ( 3A) m/ s

x (c) (2A) m/s (d) ( 2A) m/ s

(b) TE is zero when x = 0 33. Maximum speed of the mass is :

(d) PE is maximum when x = 0 (c) 0.8 m/s (d) 0.4 m/s

34. In the figure shown below, the block is moved sideways

(a) (k1 – k2) A (b) (k2 – k1) A (c) T1 = T2

Choose the correct option with reference to the above

mgL cos  mgL cos 

(c) x(t)  Ae bt /2m cos ( ' t  )