Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

* daily routine, well-known facts

* actions in progress at the moment of speaking * actions happened before now and we don’t say WHEN * actions that started in the past and are still in progress (we
* facts about our lives
Do/Does they happened say HOW LONG)
* future according to timetable * temporary actions in a temporary period of our life
* actions that have a result in present * actions that finished some seconds ago and we see their
Present
* in the part of future sentences with such words as WHEN, * arrangements for future (=be going to)
AS SOON AS, BEFORE, AFTER, UNTIL, BY THE TIME results
* in the part of future sentences with such a word as
Markers: always, never, sometimes, rarely/seldom, usually, Markers: now, at present, at the moment, this …, these
AFTER Markers: for, since, just, how long?
often, every…, occasionally, generally days, today
Am / Is / Are Markers: lately, recently, already, yet, ever, never, just, so have
Subject been Verb [ing]
far, up to now, for, since has
Subject Verb [S/ES] Subject am / is / are Verb [ing]
Subject have / has Verb [ED] / Past Participle have
Subject NOT been Verb [ing]
Subject DO / DOES NOT Verb has
Subject am / is / are NOT Verb [ing]
Subject have / has NOT Verb [ED] / PP

Have
DO / DOES Subject Verb Subject been Verb [ing]
Am / Is / Are Subject Verb [ing] Verb [ED] / PP Has
Have / Has Subject

* actions that happened in the past and we say or * actions that were in progress at a particular mo- * actions in the past which finished before another * actions in the past which were in progress for some
understand WHEN exactly they happened ment in the past past action or past moment time before another past action or past moment (we
say HOW LONG they were in progress)
Markers: yesterday, last…, … ago, back then Markers: yesterday, the whole day, at 5 pm Markers: by the time, by ...o’clock, by…, * actions that finished some seconds before another past
yesterday, while, as after, before action or moment and we saw their results
Past

Subject Verb [ED] / Past Indefinite

Was / Were Had Markers: for, since, after, before, how long? Had been

Subject had been Verb [ing]

Subject DID NOT Verb Subject was / were Verb [ing]
Subject had Verb [ED] / Past Participle

Subject was / were NOT Verb [ing] Subject had NOT been Verb [ing]
DID Subject Verb Subject had NOT Verb [ED] / PP

Did
Was / Were Subject Verb [ing] Had Subject Verb [ED] / PP
Had Subject been Verb [ing]

* actions (facts) which will happen in future * actions that will be in progress at a particular * action in future which will finish before another * actions that started in the past and will still be in progress
in future for some time
moment in future future action or moment
* suggestions, promises and offers for future
Markers: for, how long?
* instant decisions for future Markers: tomorrow, at this time tomorrow/next …, Markers: by the time, by ...o’clock, by…, before
Future

next…, in ...days/weeks…, in future Will have been

Markers: tomorrow, next…, in ...days/weeks…, in future Will be Will have

Subject will have Verb [ed] / PP Subject will have been Verb [ing]
Subject will Verb Subject will be Verb [ing]

Subject will NOT Verb Subject will NOT have Verb [ed] / PP Subject will NOT have been Verb [ing]
Subject will NOT be Verb [ing]

Will Subject Verb Will Will Will Subject have been Verb [ing]
Will Subject be Verb [ing] Subject have Verb [ed] / PP