OFFICE OF CHAIRPERSON

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY
SHAHEED MOHTARMA BENZIR BHUTTO
MEDICAL UNIVERSITY LARKANA

Syllabus/Curriculum
For
M. Phil Chemical Pathology

SMBBMU LARKANA
Contents

1. Criteria for admission

2. Aims and Objectives

3. Contents of course

4. Methods of Instruction

5. Duration of course, subject wise

6. Tables of specification

7. Course outlines

8. Protocol of M.Phil candidates

9. Approval by Board of Studies

Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University (SMBBMU) Larkana
M.Phil Course
M.Phil (Chemical Pathology)

CRITERIA FOR ADMISSION

1. M.B.B.S
2. One Year House job experience
3. VALID PMDC Registration
4. Entry test & Interview

With the inseption of SMBBMU Larkana Pathology Department having maximum Postgraduate
teaching staff & well equipped laboratories with the collaboration of Department of Postgraduate studies
decided to launch the M.Phil in Chemical Pathology. These courses will be having following
specifications.

Duration: 03 Years
Aims & Objectives:-
Keeping in view the recent advances in diagnostic Pathology, the courses are designed to trained
the admitted candidates, to become good Pathologist and diagnose the cases independently, become
good competent teachers in Medical Institutes, carry out Research work and is able to advice colleagues
about the various tests. Department of Pathology having quite a good number of Senior Postgraduate
teachers, teaching material & laboratories is capable of carrying out M.Phil program in Chemical
Pathology.

Contents of Course:
- Basic Courses needed for Understanding of Subject & Research work
- Subject
- Research
- Thesis Work
- Practical diagnostic work
- Slide Seminar

Methods of Instruction:
- Lectures
- Tutorials classes
- Diagnostic work
- Slide Seminar
- Case Presentation
- Bench work
Details of Course
(M.Phil Chemical Pathology)

Duration : Three Years

ANNAUL 1st Year

I. Comprising of the Basic fundamental orientation course consisting of
a. Research Methodology
b. Biostatistics
c. Epidemiology
d. Biomedical Ethics
e. Information Technology
f. Instrumentation with reference to Chemical Pathology
g. Library Sciences
II. Chemical Pathology I (Major)
III. Minor I (General Pathology I) 1st minior
Remarks: Postgraduates are supposed to get 60% marks in examination, at the end of 1st year. In case of
failure with a chance of Re – sit examination’s (To be held after Six Weeks). Only qualifying candidates
will be eligible for Registration as M.Phil students.

Annual 2nd Year

Subject / Course:
Major subject: Chemical Pathology – II (Major)
Minor Subject: Minor (Hematology, Microbiology, Histopathology – II) 2nd minor
Total Duration: Six months
At the end of annual, Comprehensive examination will be held, comprising of Best Choice Questions,
short essay questions & Practical examination. Candidates securing 60% marks will be declared
successful.
 DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY
:
Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University
@ Chandka Medical College Larkana

COURSE OUT LINES OF M.PHIL CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY

DURATION OF COURSE:
The duration of course will be 03 years. Distribution of course is as follows:
PART – I (1st year):
First year will be divided into Core Course, one Major subject & one Minor subject.

COURSE : Core Course CREDITS DURATION

HOURS
Research methodology 1
CONTENTS

Biostatistics 1
02 Months
Epidemiology 1
Biomedical Ethics 1
Information Technology 1
COURSE : M.Phil Part I Subject CREDITS DURATION
A. Major Chemical Pathology & 10
Instrumention 10 Months
B. Minor General Pathology 05

Note:
The candidate is eligible to submit the synopsis after passing M.Phil Part-I examination.

PART – II (2nd Year):

Course during this session is divided into one major and one optional subject along with research work.

COURSE Subject CREDITS DURATION

Renal system 10
A. Major Endocrine system
GIT & Hepatobiliary One year
System
Biochemical effects of
tumor & tumor markers
Instrument, principle of
basic test
Histopathology
B. Minor Haematology 05
(one Optional)
Microbiology

PART – III (3rd Year)

COURSE / Research work CREDITS HOURS DURATION

Lab research work, Tabulation of results & 15 One year

Thesis writing.

Teaching Program:
 Lecture and Lab diagnostic work of each subject
 Slide seminars on Major & Minor subject work fortnightly
 Tutorial class & Journal Club meeting fortnightly.
 METHOD OF ASSESSMENT / EXAMINATION FOR M.Phil
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY

Core course (05 subjects) Marks 100 ………………100

Theory Major (Paper I & Paper II) Marks: 200 + 200………400
Theory Minor Paper I & II ) Marks: 100 +100 ……… 200
Viva-Voce ………300
Thesis marks ……200
Total marks ……1200

THEORY (MAJOR & MINOR)

Part-I & Part-II (1st year & 2nd year)
Theory Major (200) Theory Minor (100)
Paper – I: Paper - I
Single best : 50 BCQ Single Best : 25 BCQ
Duration : 02 hours Duration : 01 hour
Marks : 100 Marks : 50
Paper – II: Paper – II:
Short Essay : 10 Questions Short Essay 05Questions
Duration : 03 hours Duration : 1.5 hour
Marks : 100 Marks : 50
 PRACTICAL & VIVA-VOCE EXAMIANTION
Number of Examiners:-
Two Internal and Two External Examiners in each major and minor subject
Marks = 150 (major subject 100 , minor subject 50).

Examiners Internal
1. Prof. Dr. Ghulam Shabir Shaikh CMC@SMBBMU, LARKANA
2. Dr. Amanullah Bhutto GMMMC @SMBBMU, LARKANA
Examiners External
1. Prof. Dr. Sikandar Ali Shaikh (GIMS) GAMBAT
2. Dr. Ameer Abbas Bahalkani (PMC) NAWABSHAH

Criteria of Passing:
 Minimum Passing marks in each paper will be 60%
 Passing marks in Viva Voce and Practical will be 60%.

PART – III (3rd Year)

RESEARCH WORK AND SUBMISSION OF THESIS:
The thesis examination shall be done as per University rules and regulations.

Maximum marks = 200

Passing marks 60%
 Entry Test M.Phil (Major) Examination
Table of specification for (M.Phil) Chemical Pathology
Pathology Department CMC, SMBBMU, Larkana
Total BCQ- 50

S.No. Content Total Percentage

1. General Pathology 20 40%
2. Renal System 05 10%
3. Endocrine 05 10%
4. GIT / Joints 05 10%
5. Hepatobiliary system 05 10%
6. Instruments 02 04%
7. CSF / Body Fluids 02 04%
8. Urine 01 02%
9. Miscellaneous & laboratory work 05 10%

Total 50 100
 TABLE OF SPECIFICATION OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY

1st MINOR SUBJECT OF CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY

S.No Index %age BCQ

1 ADAPTATION, CELL INJURY & CELL DEATH 10 05

2 INFLAMMATION & REPAIR 10 05

3 IMMUNITY 04 02

4 HAEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS 10 05

5 NEOPLASIA 20 10

6 GENETIC DISEASES 06 03

7 ENVIRONMENTAL & NUTRITIONAL PATHOLOGY 06 03

8 DISEASES OF CHILDHOOD 04 02
9 PARASITOLOGY 30 15
Total 100% 50
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION OF CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
1st MAJOR SUBJECT

Paper I Chemical Pathology (Major) BCQ

S.No Content % Questions

1 Endocrine system, Pitutary disease, thyroid disease, 20 10
parathyroid disease, pancreas disease, adrenal gland
disease
2 Liver, Jaundice, iron profile, liver profile, Bile 20 10
Cirroshsis etc
3 Calcium, Tetani, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia etc 20 10
4 GIT , statorrhea, gastritis 10 05
5 Sample collection, sample preservative etc 10 05
6 Instrument (spectrophotometer, microscope, 20 10
electrophoresis, centrifuge)
100% 50 BCQ

Paper II Chemical Pathology (Major) BCQ

S.No Content % Questions

1 Renal system, Renal failure, Granulonephritis, 20 10
tubular necrosis etc
2 Cardiovascular system, myocardial infarction, 20 10
hypercholestreima, hyperlipidemia etc
3 Serum electrolytes, magnesium, sodium etc 20 10
4 Tumor markers, alpha feto protein, Acid 10 05
phosphatase, Prstatic specific antigen
5 CSF sample collection meningitis 10 05
6 Instrument (PCR, RIA, ELISA, Blooting, 20 10
Chromatography)
100% 50 BCQ
 General Pathology
(1st Minor Subject)
General Pathology if taken as Minor subject by candidates of M.Phil Chemical / Histopathology or By
M.Phil candidates of other specialties, the course, table of specification and pattern of examination will
be as follows.

COURSE OUT LINES

CELL INJURY, ADAPTATION & CELL DEATH

1. Introduction, Causes & Definitions

2. Mechanisms of reversible & irreversible injury
3. Subcellular changes due to cell injury.
4. Cell Death. Necrosis and Apoptosis
5. Intracellular accumulation: Water, Lipids, glycogen & Proteins and Pigments.
6. Calcification, Hyaline change.
7. Cellular Adaptation: Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia.
8. Cellular Aging.

INFLAMMATION & REPAIR

1. Introduction, Defination and General features of Inflammation.

2. Acute inflammation: Sequence of events.
3. Chemical Mediators of inflammation
4. Outcome of inflammation
5. Chronic inflammation.
6. Morphological types of Acute and chronic inflammation.
7. Repair: Definitions, types of cells, Stem cells.
8. Cell cycle.
9. Steps of wound Healing by primary and secondary intention.
10. Disorders of repair

HAEMODYNAMIC DISORDER

1. Edema
2. Congestion & Hemorrhages
3. Thrombosis, introduction & Pathogenesis
4. Thrombosis, Morphology & Fate
5. Embolism
6. Infarction
7. Shock
IMMUNITY / IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

1. Immunity – Introduction & Innate Immunity

2. Adaptive Immunity
3. Hyper sensitivity reaction
4. Autoimmunity
5. Immunodeficiency

NEOPLASIA

1. Neoplasia – Introduction & Nomeuelature

2. Characteristic of Benign & Malignant tumor
3. Spread of malignant tumor
4. Epidimiology of cancer
5. Molecular basis of cancer, Principles
6. Evasion of Apoptosis & Defects in DNA repair
7. Etiology of cancer, Chemical carcinogens
8. Etiology of cancer, Viral & radiation
9. Clinical features of neoplasia
10. Lab Diagnosis of neoplasia

GENETIC DISEASES

1. Mutations and Mandelian Disorders.

2. Molecular Basis of Single gene (Mandelian) Disorders.
3. Disorders associated with defects in structural Proteins.
4. Disorders associated with defects in Enzymes.
5. Disorders associated with defects in Proteins that regulate Cell Growth.
6. Disorders with Multifactorial Inheritance.
7. Over view of Normal Karyotype and Cytogenic disorders.
8. Diagnosis of Genetic diseases.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

1. General Principles of Microbial Pathogenesis.

2. Transmission and Dissemination of Microbes.
3. How microorganisms cause disease. Mechanisms of Viral, bacterial injury.
4. New and emerging infectious diseases and Special techniques for diagnosis of infectious agents.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL PATHOLOGY.

1. Introduction of occupational and environmental diseases and mechanisms of toxicity.

2. Common environmental and occupational Exposure
3. Nutrition and disease.
4. Obesity, Diet and diseases.
DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

1. Congenital Anomalies.
2. Inborn errors of metabolism and other genetic disorders.
3. Tumours and tumour like conditions.

Table of Specification
TABLES OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR SINGLE BEST BCQS

50 Questions
General Pathology – I Annual

S. NO CONTENT TOTAL PERCENTAGE

Cellular pathology: Cell
01 6 12
Injury and Cell death
Adaptations,
Intracellular
02 3 06
Accumulation and Cell
Aging
Acute and Chronic
03 6 12
Inflammation
Tissue Repair: Cellular
04 Growth, Fibrosis and 3 06
Wound Healing
Hemodynamic
05 Disorders, Thrombosis, 5 10
and Shock
06 Genetic Disorders 2 04

GRAND TOTAL 25 50%

 S. NO CONTENT TOTAL PERCENTAGE

01 Diseases of Immunity 6 12%

02 Neoplasia 9 18%

03 Infectious Disorders 4 08%

Environmental and
04 3 06%
Nutritional Pathology
Diseases of Infancy and
05 2 04%
Childhood
Surgical Pathology
06 1 02%
Techniques
GRAND TOTAL 25 50%

2nd Minor
Haematology, Microbiology, Histopathology if taken as Minor subject by candidates of M.Phil
Chemical Pathology the course, table of specification and pattern of examination will be as follows.

Course Outlines

1.Haematology
· Blood formation: General aspects of blood formation;
· Development of blood cells, control of haemopoiesis
· Red blood cells: Normal Red cells values
· Classification of anaemias
· Investigations of anaemic patient.
· Iron Deficiency anaemia
· Iron metabolism, causes, Investigations of iron deficiency
anaemia; Iron studies
· Megaloblastic anaemia; macrocytic anaemia, Lab investigation,
· Vit. B12 and Folic acid deficiency
· Normocytic and aplastic anaemias.
· Disorders of Haemoglobin structure and synthesis
· Thalassemias and sickle cell anaemias
· Lab investigation for sickle test disease
· Haemoglobin electrophoretic pattern
· Haemolytic anaemias; causes, classification, lab investigation.
 · White Blood cells: Normal white cells development and
physiology
· Agranulocytosis, neutropenia, infectious mononucleosis
· Leukaemias and lymphomas-A brief introduction
· Haemorrhagic disorders
· Platelet disorders
· Thrombocytopenia
· Lab investigations including PT/APTT
· Haemophilia, and other coagulation disorders
· Blood Groups and transfusion medicine.
· Blood banking-basic principles, practical aspects.

2.Histopathology
Candidate is supposed to have a sound theoretical background of
following selected topics in order to interpret the lab investigation results.

Histopathological morphological details will not be required.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

§ Atherosclerosis and risk factors

§ Ischemic heart disease and its lab diagnosis and complications
§ Rheumatic fever ,complications and lab diagnosis
§ Bacterial endocarditis, etiology, type, pathogenesis,
complications, lab diagnosis
§ Pericardial effusion, causes ,pathogenesis and lab diagnosis.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

§ COPD, classification, clinical features and pathogenesis.

§ Infections:
§ Pneumonia- etiology, morphology, pathogenesis,lab diagnosis
§ Lung abscess, Fungal infections of lung and its lab diagnosis.
§ Lung Tumors: classification. Lab diagnosis
§ Pleural Effusion: causes, Lab diagnosis
GIT

§ Peptic Ulcer: Etiology. Pathogenesis, clinical features and lab

diagnosis
 § Malabsorbtion Syndrome: Causes, Coeliac disease, Lab diagnosis
§ Ulceroinflammatory conditions of Intestine
§ Appendicitis: Clinical presentation. Morphology, Lab diagnosis

HEPATOBILIARY SYSYTEM

§ Hepatitis
§ Cirrhosis
§ Tumors
§ Gall stones
§ Cholecystitis
§ Pancreatitis

URINARY SYSTEM
§ Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome
§ Pyelonephritis
§ Renal Stones
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 FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM
§ Cervical Cancer
§ Pap smear
§ Gestational trophoblastic disease, HCG and its role in lab
diagnosis of mole and choriocarcinoma.

MALE GENITAL SYSTEM

§ Infertility/ Sperm count

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

§ Goiter
§ Autoimmune thyroiditis. in relation to thyroid function tests
§ Diabetes mellitus: Latest classification , complications and
Diagnosis.

BONES & JOINTS

§ Osteoporosis
§ Osteomalacia & Rickets
§ Osteomyelitis
§ Rhematoid Arthritis
§ Gout
§ Osteoarthritis

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Meningitis: Etiology, CSF findings

3.Microbiology
§ General Microbiology
§ Introduction to microbiology
§ Role of microbes in various human diseases
§ Sources of infection
§ Classification of microorganisms .
§ Morphology and identification of bacteria.
§ Bacterial metabolism and growth.
§ Sterilization and disinfection. Definition, use of physical and
chemical disinfectants and their practical utility in clinical practice.
§ Infection and immunity pathogenicity, pathology of infection,
resistance and natural immunity, antigens and antibodies.
§ Common bacterial and viral diseases of man.
§ Yeast and fungi, classification ,identification.
§ Nosocomial infections
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§ Important viruses.
§ Handling of clinical samples in laboratory including sputum, urine,
stool, cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), pus, aspirates

Special Microbiology
§ Gram positive bacteria ; Gram negative bacteria
§ Spirochetes
§ Anaerobic infections
§ Diagnosis of infections by body systems
§ Upper and lower respiratory tract infections
§ Urinary tract infections
§ Sexually transmitted Diseases
§ Gastrointestinal tract infections
§ Obstetric and perinatal infections
§ Central nervous system infections
§ Infections of the eye
§ Vector borne infections
§ Infections in the compromised host
§ Diagnosis of infection and assessment of host defense mechanism
§ Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
§ Vaccination
§ Passive and non specific immunotherapy

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 APPROVAL BY BOARD OF STUDIES

BOARD OF STUDIES FOR SUBJECT OF PATHOLOGY

M.Phil in Chemical Pathology course and table of specification approved

by the following members of the board of studies.

Prof. Akbar Ali Soomro

Chairperson & Professor of Pathology
CMC @ SMBBMU, Larkana

Prof. Aftab Ahmed Soomro

Professor Department of Pathology
GMMMC, Sukkur

Prof. Farzana Memon

Department of Pathology,
LUMHS Jamshoro

Prof. Qurban Khaskheli

Department of Pathology,
PUMHS, Nawabshah

Prof. Dr. Amir Hamzo Dahri

Professor Pathology
PUMHS for women Nawabshah (SBA)

Prof. Dr. Rabia Shams Shaikh

Professor Pathology
PUMHS for women Nawabshah (SBA)

Prof. Ghulam Shabir Shaikh

Professor of Pathology,
CMC @ SMBBMU, Larkana

2
The following decisions are taken.
1. The course contents regarding various disciplines of Microbiology are
unanimously approved.
2. The teaching hours of the lectures, demonstration and Practical’s.
3. The recommended books for M.Phil (list attached)
4. The overall pattern of teaching and examination was found appropriate.
5. There was categorical consensus regarding the curriculum of all the
disciplines regarding its distribution.
6. it was also decided that their would be at least one meeting per year
regarding the Evaluation of the teaching program and further evolution
according to the world wide curriculum changes.

3
 RECOMMENDED BOOKS
CORE TEXTBOOK

· Pathological basis of disease. Kumar Abbas Fausto 8th edition,2019

· Practical Haematology. Dacie and Lewis .9th Edition
· Clinical Chemistry in Diagnosis and treatment. John F Zilva
· 6th edition
· Lab practice in Tropical countries; by Monica Cheesbrough,Part 1and
11. 4th edition,2005
· Parasitology by Chatterjee
· Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, Bancroft, 5th edition

Further studies
· Clinical chemistry.Principles, Methods and interpretations. Prof.Abdus
Salam Khan Gandapur, Prof Tayyab. 11th edition,2004
· Haematology by Hoffbrand, 5th edition.
· Clinical Haematology in medical Practice by De-Gruchy’s. 5th edition
· Pathological basis of disease:Self Assessment and Review. 5th edition
· Wintrobe’s Clinical Haematology, 11th edition
· Postgraduate Haematology by Hoffbrand, 4th edition
· Blood transfusion in clinical medicine by Mollison, 9th edition
· Practical Medical Microbiology by Mackie and Mccartney- 14th edition
· Medical Microbiology- Levenson, 7th edition.
· Essentials of Medical microbiology- Rajesh Bhatia- 3rd edition-2004
· Manual of Bacteriology, Burges-vol1,11-2002
· Topley and Wilson-Vol.1-5, 2006
· Pathology Practical Book- 2nd edition, 2007;by Harash Mohan
· Text book of Pathology, 5th edition-2006;by Harash Mohan
· Mim’s Medical Microbiology-4th Edition-2008
· Medical Parasitology-by Dr. Dr R Arora- 2nd Edition
· Essentials of Medical Microbiology by Rajesh Bhatia and Rattan Lal
Ichpujani-Jaypee-3rd edition -2004

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PROTOCOL OF M.PHIL MICROBIOLOGY CANDIDATES

1. They should be regular and punctual in their studies.

2. In the first six months of 1st year they will attend the mandatory
courses before attending the classes of Major and minor
subjects.
3. They are suppose to attend laboratories for practical
4. They have to maintain the journal of Practical and also log
book.
5. They have to maintain register of lectures of each subject.
6. They should keep the daily diary for their academic activities.
7. They will appear in the periodical test as per schedule of the
department.