CHAPTER 15

PPP

15.1 REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. PPP is designed for users who need a point-to-point connection.
3. PPP supports any protocols recognized by ANSI.
5. The HDLC format of a U-frame is used for the control field in a PPP frame. The
frame has no sequence numbers and there is no error or flow control.
7. LCP packets are encapsulated in the payload field of a PPP frame, whose protocol
field value is then set to C02116 to indicate that it's carrying the LCP packet.
9. Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication
Protocol (CHAP).
11. CHAP is a three-way authentication protocol. The system sends the user a chal-
lenge packet with a challenge value. The user applies a predefined function to the
challenge value and sends the result back to the system. The system checks the
result by doing the same computations with the user's password and challenge
value and grants or denies access depending on the result. CHAP is a more secure
protocol than PAP.
13. NCP is a set of protocols which allows the encapsulation of data coming from net-
work layer protocols in the PPP frame.

15.2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

15. d 17. a 19. d 21. d 23. b 25. d 27. b 29. b 31. c

51
52 CHAPTER 15 PPP

15.3 EXERCISES
33. See Table 15.1.

Table 15.1 Exercise 33

Field HDLC PPP
Flag 01111110 01111110
Address Address of secondary station 11111111
Control One or two bytes 11000000
Protocol --------------- One or two bytes
Information Data and padding Data and padding
FCS Two or four bytes Two or four bytes

35. The protocol is the Link Control Protocol carrying a echo-request packet. The ID
of the packet is 1116 and the length is 001416, which means 20 bytes.
37. See Figure 15.1.

Figure 15.1 Exercise 37

1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes Variable

IPCP 0316 ID Length IPCP information
packet

Payload
Flag Address Control Protocol Information FCS Flag
(and padding)

802116

39. Echo request: 09 01 0009 48454C4C4F

PPP frame: 7E FF C0 C021 09 01 0009 48454C4C4F (FCS) 7E
41. Authenticate request: 01 01 0014 08 464F524F555A414E 06 373937393739
PPP Frame:
7E FF C0 C023 01 01 0014 08 464F524F555A414E 06 373937393739 (FCS) 7E
43. Challenge: 01 01 0009 04 A4253616 (We used no challenge name)
PPP Frame: 7E FF C0 C223 01 01 0009 04 A4253616 (FCS) 7E
45. 36364C3C
47. The connection is in the establishing state; one of the sides should revise the
options.
49.
7E FF C0 CO21 (Configure-request, LCP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 C021 (Configure-ack, LCP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 C023 (Authenticate-request, PAP) (FCS) 7E
 SECTION 15.3 EXERCISES 53

7E FF C0 C023 (Authenticate-ack, PAP) (FCS) 7E

7E FF C0 8021 (Configure-request, IPCP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 8021 (Configure-ack, IPCP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 0021 (Data, IP) (FCS) 7E
...
...
7E FF C0 0021 (Data, IP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 8021 (Terminate-request, IPCP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 8021 (Terminate-ack, IPCP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 C021 (Terminate-request, LCP) (FCS) 7E
7E FF C0 C021 (Terminate-ack, LCP) (FCS) 7E
54 CHAPTER 15 PPP