What’s New?

Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters to

form the correct word or words.
➢ Cells – are the intersection of rows and columns
➢ Cell Reference – also known as cell address that
identifies a cell on a worksheet.

- B2 and D4 are examples of cell references

➢ Use cell reference when
creating formulas in
Excel to ensure that
your formulas are
accurate. Take a look at
the table below, instead
of using the actual
values which are 5, 10,
and 20 use the cell
references A1, A2, and
A3.
➢ Active Cell – the
currently selected cell
in a spreadsheet and
is indicated by a bold
outline that surrounds
the cell
➢ B5 is the active cell
➢ Texts or labels – It identifies the purpose of a
cell, it can be a brief instruction, a title or caption.

➢ Number data or constant – a value that doesn’t

change and is directly inserted into a cell.

➢ Formula (mathematical equations) – an

expression that calculates the value of a cell.
➢ Mathematical Operators -
MS Excel uses standard
operators for formulas.
➢ Functions- These are pre-defined formulas
that are already available in MS Excel.

Examples of Formula
Note: A formula always begin with an equal (=) sign.
Commonly Used Excel Functions

SUM – Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.

COUNT - Counts the number of cells that contain
numbers.
MIN - Returns the smallest number in a set of
values.
MAX - Returns the largest value in a set of values.
AVERAGE - Returns the average (arithmetic
mean) of the arguments
➢ SUMIF – Adds the cells specified by a given
condition or criteria. SUMIF function has the
following syntax:

SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)

✓ Range - The rangeof cells that you want to evaluate

based on a given criteria.
✓ Criteria – It determines which cells will be added.
✓ Sum_Range – These are the cells containing numeric
values and the cells to add if the condition is met.
For example, you want to find the total
ratings of the teachers in terms of the
product’s quality. The formula to use to get
the total ratings of the teachers is shown
below.
Sometimes the use of sum_range is
optional just like in the example below.
The formula in the following example
will add the total scores of the
students which are higher than 10.
Students with scores lower than ten
will not be added.
➢ AVERAGEIF - Returns the average (arithmetic
mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given
criteria.

AVERAGEIF function has the following syntax:

AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)

✓ Range - The range of cells that you want to apply the criteria.
✓ Criteria – It determines which cells to average.
✓ Average_Range – These are the cells containing
numeric values and the actual set of cells to average.
➢ COUNTIF - Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a
single criterion that you specify. COUNTIF function has the following
syntax:

COUNTIF(range, criteria)

➢ Range – The range of cells to count.

➢ Criteria – The criteria that determines which cells to be counted.

The formula =COUNTIF(I3:I7,”YES”) will count the number of

respondents that voted for “Yes”.
If you want to count the number of students who got grades of 90
and above in the first quarter you can use the formula below.
The example below shows the formula on
how to count the number of students who
got grades of 85 and above from the first to
the second quarter.
➢ IF – This function is one of the most popular functions
in Excel. It can perform a logical test and returns one
value if TRUE, and another value if FALSE.

The following is the syntax of IF function:

IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

➢ Logical Test - A value or logical expression that can be

evaluated as True or False.
➢ Value if True – The value to return if the logical test or logical
expression evaluates to TRUE.
➢ Value if False – The value to return if the logical test or logical
expression evaluates to FALSE.
The table below shows the formula to display “Passed” if
the student’s average is 75 and above, and “Failed” if the
average is below 75. Since the cell reference H2 has the
value of 73.6, “Failed” will be displayed. But not in the
case of cell references H3 and H4, since their values are
higher than 75 “Passed” will be displayed.