MICROSOFT EXCEL – an application that provides an automated way of displaying any statistical data.

- It can be used to automatically compute , store, and organize data, for several factors that are not easy to
notice especially when faced by a large data
- Features calculation, graphing tools , pivot tables and a macro programming language

WORKBOOK – a collection of many worksheets

WORKSHEETS – is composed of many rows and columns and also called spreadsheets
CELL – is the intersection of a row and a column in a worksheet
NAME BOX – indicates what cell you are in or the name of the active cell
FORMULA BAR – indicates the content of the selected cell
INSERT MENU – allows the user to add worksheets, rows, columns, charts pictures in the worksheet document
VIEW MENU - is the menu tab where the “freeze pane” command can be located
FREEZE PANE – is the command tool if the user wants to freeze the a row or a column to use as reference and can still be able
to scroll through the rest of the data
STEPS to freeze pane:
1. Highlight a specific column and/or row
2. Go to the view Menu and click “freeze pane”
ACCOUNTING NUMBER FORMAT – a number format that is used for accounting

ORIENTATION – the angle at which a text is displayed

LOGICAL COMMANDS:

COUNT - a function used to count the cells with content in a range

SUM – a function used to compute for the summation of the number of a range
AVERAGE – a function used to compute for the number of a range
MAX - a function used to get the highest amount
MIN – a function used to get the lowest amount
FORMULAS: Excel is capable of performing mathematical function
Always start your formula with an equal “=” sign
To Add use positive “+” sign , to subtract use negative “-“ sign, to multiply use asterisk “*” sign, and to divide use slash “/”
sign.
SYNTAX/FUNCTION
CONDITIONAL FORMATTING:
IF - the IF function is a built-in function in Excel that is categorized as a Logical Function
The syntax for the IF function in Microsoft Excel is:
=IF( condition, [value_if_true], [value_if_false] )

Parameters or Arguments
Condition - The value that you want to test.
value_if_true - It is the value that is returned if condition evaluates to TRUE.
value_if_false - It is the value that is return if condition evaluates to FALSE.

Returns
The IF function returns value_if_true when the condition is TRUE.
The IF function returns value_if_false when the condition is FALSE.

Ex:
Just change the names at the beginning of each quarter, enter the new grades at the end of each quarter, andExcel calculates the
results. A. Enter this formula in cell C4: =IF(B4<70,”FAIL”,”PASS”) . This means if the score in B4 is less than 70, then enter
the word FAIL in cell B4,else/otherwise enter the word PASS

CONDITIONAL FORMATTING: and SYNTAX

COUNTIF – a function used to count the cells with a specified content within a range
=COUNTIF(range,”criteria”)
SUMIF – a function used to compute for the summation of a range if a certain condition is met
=SUMIF(range,”criteria”)
AVERAGEIF – a function used to compute for the average of a range if a certain condition is met
=AVERAGEIF(range,”criteria”,average range)
RANGE – the range of cells where you want to look for the criteria or the area for evaluation
CRITERIA – a value or label that determines if a cell is part of the range to be evaluated
AVERAGE RANGE – the actual range of cells that will be averaged, if omitted, the range will be used instead

Common Error Values That You Can Encounter from Faulty Formulas

1.#DIV/0! appears when entering a formula that performs explicit division by zero (0), using a reference to a blank cell or to a cell
that contains zero as the divisor in a formula or function that performs division or running a macro that uses a function or a
formula that returns the #DIV/0! error. The solution is to make sure that the divisor in the function or formula is not zero (0) or
blank or change the cell reference in the formula to another cell that does not contain a zero or a blank value.

2.##### - appears when the column is not wide enough to display the content and/or dates and times are negative numbers. The
solution is to increase the column width.

3.#NAME? Appears when the formula refers to a range name that doesn't exist in the worksheet. This error value appears when
you type the wrong range name or fail to enclose in quotation marks some text used in the formula, causing Excel to think that the
text refers to a range name.

4.#N/A – appears when

A) an inappropriate value was given for the lookup_valueargument in the HLOOKUP, LOOKUP, MATCH, or VLOOKUP
worksheet function,
 B) the VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, or MATCH worksheet function was used to locate a value in an unsorted table,
C) an array formula (array formula: A formula that performs multiple calculations on one or more sets of values, and then
returns either a single result or multiple results. Array formulas are enclosed between braces { } and are entered by pressing
CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER.) is using an argument that is not the same number of rows or columns as the range that contains the
array formula,
D) one or more required arguments were omitted from a built-in or custom worksheet function,
E) a custom worksheet function that you use is not available and
F) a macro that you run enters a function that returns #N/A. Solution is optionally, if error checking is turned on in Excel, click
the button that appears next to the cell that displays the error , clickShow Calculation Steps if it appears, and then click the
resolution that is appropriate for your data.

5.#NULL! Appears most often when you insert a space (where you should have used a comma) to separate cell references used as
arguments for functions.

6.#NUM! Appears when Excel encounters a problem with a number in the formula, such as the wrong type of argument in an
Excel function or a calculation that produces a number too large or too small to be represented in the worksheet.

7.#REF! Appears when Excel encounters an invalid cell reference, such as when you delete a cell referred to in a formula or paste
cells over the cells referred to in a formula.

8.#VALUE! Appears when you use the wrong type of argument or operator in a function, or when you call for a mathematical
operation that refers to cells that contain text entries. For example, the formula =A1+B1, where A1 contains the string "Hello" and
B1 contains the number 3, returns the #VALUE! error.