Answer all questions

1. A student wishes to find the volume of a piece of wood of irregular shape. Her
experiment requires the use of a small brass object of mass 200 g.
(a) Calculate the volume of the brass object. The density of brass is 8.4 g/cm3.
[2]

V=m/d=200/8.4=23.8cm3

(b) To find the volume of the piece of wood, the student has a measuring cylinder, a
supply of water and the brass object in (a). The piece of wood and the brass object
are small enough to be placed in the measuring cylinder.
(i) The piece of wood does not sink in water.
Suggest why.
[1]
Less dense than water

(ii) Describe what the student does to find the volume of the piece of wood,
stating the measurements that she makes and any calculations required.
[4]

Determine any volume of any liquid V1

States viable method to submerge the wood
Reads volume V2
Volume of (wood + brass) = V2-v1
Volume of wood = (V2-V1) – volume of brass

2. (a) Complete the following statement:

The moment of a force about a point is......................force.......................

multiplied by ......perpendicular distance of force from pivot...........................[2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a uniform iron bar B of weight 30 N and length 1.40 m. The bar is
being used to lift one edge of a concrete slab S. A stone, placed 0.20 m from one

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 end of B, acts as a pivot. A force of 40 N pushing down at the other end of B is just
enough to lift the slab and hold it as shown.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, draw an arrow to show the weight of bar B acting from its center
of mass.
[1]
(Downward arrow at center of bar)
(ii) State the distance d of the center of mass of bar B from the pivot.
[1]
0.7-0.2=0.5m

(iii) Calculate the total clockwise moment, about the pivot, of the forces acting on
bar B.
[3]

Moment=Fd=1.2x40+0.5x30=63Nm

(iv) Calculate the downward force which the slab S exerts on the end of bar B.
[2]

F=moment/d=63/0.2=315n

(v) Suggest a change to the arrangement in Fig. 3.1 that would reduce the force
required to lift the slab.
[1]

Make bar B longer/Move pivot to the left

3. (a) State Hooke’s law.

[1]

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F=kx

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a graph of the stretching force F acting on a spring against the
extension x of the spring.

(i) State the features of the graph that show that the spring obeys Hooke’s law.
[1]
The graph is through origin AND is a straight line

(ii) Calculate k, the force per unit extension of the spring.

[3]

K=F/x=100/0.04=2500N/m

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 (iii) The limit of proportionality of the spring is reached at an extension of 50 mm.
Continue the graph in Fig. 1.1 to suggest how the spring behaves when the
stretching force is increased to values above 125 N.
[1]
From 50mm extension, graph curves with no negative gradient
(iv) Another spring has a smaller value of k. This spring obeys Hooke’s law for
extensions up to 80 mm.
On the grid of Fig. 1.1, draw a possible line of the variation of F with x for this
spring.
[1]
Straight line through the origin with smaller gradient than graph shown
finishing at more than 50mm

4. A driving instructor gives a student a sudden order to stop the car in the shortest
possible time.
Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph of the motion of the car from the moment the order
is given.

(a) The order to stop is given at time t = 0 s.

(i) State the speed of the car at t = 0 s.
[1]
1.8m/s

(ii) Suggest why the car continues to travel at this speed for 0.9 s.
[1]
0.9 s is driver’s time to react

(b) Calculate

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 (i) the deceleration of the car between t = 0.9 s and t = 4.0 s,
[2]
a=(v-u)/t=(0-18)/3.1s=-5.8m/s , deceleration = 5.8m/s
2 2

(ii) the total distance travelled by the car from t = 0 s.

[3]

d=area under the curve

.5(4+.9)x18=44.1m

(c) Describe and explain a danger to a driver of not wearing a safety belt during a
sudden stop.
[2]
Without seat belt, driver keeps moving forwards, hits steering
wheel/windscreen/dashboard

5. An astronaut has a mass of 65 kg on Earth, where the gravitational field strength is

10N/kg.
(a) Calculate the astronaut’s weight on Earth.
[2]

W=mg=65x10=650N

(b) Complete the following sentence.

The astronaut’s weight on Earth is the .............gravitational................ force

between the astronaut and ...........the Earth.................... [1]

(c) The astronaut undertakes a Moon landing. On the Moon the gravitational field
strength is 1.6 N / kg.
(i) State the astronaut’s mass on the Moon.
[1]
65kg (mass constant)

(ii) Calculate the weight of the astronaut on the Moon.

[1]
W=mg=65x1.6=104N
6. (a) State what is meant by the terms
(i) weight,

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 [1]
W=mg

(ii) density
[1]
=mass/volume

(b) A student is given a spring balance that has a scale in newtons. The student is told
that the acceleration of free-fall is 10 m/s2.
(i) Describe how the student could find the mass of an irregular solid object.
[2]
Hang object from spring balance, reading in N taken. Divide in N by 10

(ii) Describe how the student could go on to find the density of the object.
[2]

Volume of water in cylinder. Add object. Volume increase. d=m/v

(c) Fig. 1.1 shows three forces acting on an object of mass 0.5 kg. All three forces act
through the center of mass of the object.

Calculate
(i) the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the object,
[2]
9-(3+4)=2N to the left

(ii) the magnitude of the acceleration of the object.

[2]

a=F/m=2/0.5=4m/s2

7. A meter rule balances when the 50 cm mark is directly above a pivot.

(a) State where in the rule its center of mass is located.
[1]

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 At 50cm mark

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows an apple and a 0.40 N weight placed on the rule so that the rule
remains balanced at the 50 cm mark.

The center of mass of the apple is 25 cm from the pivot and the centre of mass of the
weight is 45 cm from the pivot.
Calculate
(i) the weight of the apple,
[2]
Moment=Fd, W=(45x.4)/25=.72N

(ii) the mass of the apple.

[1]
m=W/g=.72/10=.072kg

(c) The apple is not moved. The weight is removed from the rule and the pivot is moved
to the left until the rule balances as shown in Fig. 3.2.

(i) Explain why the arrangement in Fig. 3.2 balances.

[2]

Two moments cancel

(ii) The pivot in Fig. 3.2 is closer to the 50 cm mark than to the center of mass of
the apple.
Compare the weight of the rule to the weight of the apple.
[1]

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 Weight of the rule is bigger

8. (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graphs for three different objects A, B and C.

Describe the motion of each of the objects A, B and C by selecting the appropriate
description from the list below.

constant speed increasing speed decreasing speed stationary

A ......................... increasing speed...............................................................................

B .......................... constant speed.........................................................................

C ............................ stationary.......................................................................................

[2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the speed-time graphs for three more objects D, E, and F.

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Describe the motion of each of the objects D, E and F by selecting the appropriate
description from the list below.

constant speed increasing acceleration decreasing acceleration stationary

D ....................... increasing acceleration.........................................................................

E ....................... decreasing acceleration........................................................................

F ........................... constant speed........................................................................

[2]

(c) Fig. 1.3 shows a person bungee-jumping from a bridge. The person is attached to a
long elastic rope.

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(i) In 1.5 s the speed of the jumper increases from zero to 10.5 m / s.

Calculate her average acceleration during this time.

[2]
a=(v-u)/t=(10.5-0)/1.5=7.0m/s2

(ii) At one point during the fall, she reaches her maximum speed.
I. State her acceleration at this point.
[1]
a=0m/s2

II. What can be said about the forces acting on her at this point?
[1]
Upward and downward forces equal/no resultant force

[Total Marks: 70]

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