2 6000421D23

Experiment N o . 2 Date:1 8 / 0 2 / 2 2

(Module 11 Determination ofPlanck's constant

them
FEC102.1: Comprehend the concepts of solid-state physics and apply
in designing solid-state
(Module 21 mechanics and its
EEC102.2: Relate the scope and foundation of quantum
role in development of modern technology.

AIM:- To draw the V-I characteristic for Light Emitting Diode (LED) and
determine the value of Planck's constant.

Apparatus: Planck's constant kit, connecting wires.

-

It
Theory: -
Planck's is the fundamental constant in modern physics.
constant
this constant we use
relates the energy of a photon to its frequency. To determine
in a variety of colours. Each
Light Emitting Diodes (LED). Diodes today come
semiconductor material.
colour is achieved by having a slightly different
The experiment is based on the fact that the energy
of the photon relates to its
frequency as: E = hv
Where, E = energy of photon, h Planck's Constant,
V= frequency of the emitted photons.

The electric energy needed to switch on a LED is E =eVo [Joules],

Where, e = electric charge of an electron(e -1.6 x10-1Coulomb)
=

required to overcome the barrier created by p-n

Vo= Threshold voltage
junction. colour (frequency of emittedd light,
This energy is different for different LED
recombination emits a light photon of energy
v).Each electron-hole radiative
E = hv= h(c/2)
Where, c = speed of light (3 x 108 m/s)
A= wavelength oflight.
This threshold voltage (Vo) is related to the band-gap energy Eg:
***********srssse(1)
E=eVo+AE **sossseue** *ncebsa

from one LED to another.

Where AE is constant which is different
As the band-gap energy will be the energy carried away by a photon,
Then:
Eg= Ephoton = hv,
Eq. (1) becomes
****************a ***** aneaenas (2)
hv=eVo+AE..
hc/,=eVo +AEE.. (3
where,
h Planck's Constant e electroniccharge
A = wavelength of LED c= velocity of light
In this experiment we use Eq. (3) to determine Planck's constant h. We use
several LED's that emit light of different colours (frequencies).

Circuit Diagram:-
LED SELELTIDN

On
TP1

o6 5 TA Ovongt Ped
TP 2

DC Votmbev p Aetuv
2 10v
OA 200A
200 mV 200V
2 MA
200MA
pet

Procedure:
1. Take the Planck's constant Determination Setup. Make the connections as
shown in circuit diagram.
2. Connect + ve terminal of power supply to + ve terminal of DC voltmeter and -ve
terminal to - ve terminal of DC voltmeter.
3. Now take another patch cord and connect + ve of power supply to + ve of red
colour LED.
4. Connect- ve of power supply to - ve of ammeter.
5. Connect +ve of ammeter to - ve of selected LED.
the
6.
Set at the range of 20 V and ammeter at the 200
voltmeter
7. Connect the mains cord and switch ON the power supply.
mA
8. Now increase the DC voltage at the fix interval as given in the observation
table.
9. Note the corresponding current by DC ammeter in observation table.
10. Now take the current on Y-axis and voltage on X-axis and plot a graph
between current and voltage
11. Find the knee- voltage or threshold-voltage from the graph.
12. Now switch OFF the DC power supply and break the LED connection.
13. Repeat above experiment for different colours of LEDs.
14. Put this value in given formula and calculate the Planck's constant
h= eVoa/c
Take mean value of h calculated for different LEDs.

Observation
Table I: 1-V Characteristics of different colour LEDs

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue

Sr.No. Voltage Current Current Current Current Current
(mA)_ mA) (mA) (mA) mA)
01 0
02 0.5
03
04
05
06
07 15 D
08 0 0
09 0
10 09 0 4 0 3
5.
2 2-0 13.6 55
25.4 :3
2:2 I6 0-2
15 :3

2:5 23:2
18 2:6 26 5 0
19 2 30q 0:8
20 2 8 26
21 2.9
22

Table II: Determination of Planck's constant

Electronic Charge e ='60L XIDcoulomb
Velocity of Light c = 3 x1o3 m/s
Threshold Voltage Wavelen
h eVoa/c Mean h
LED Vo (in V) from gth (ins) in Js)
graph (A)
2.65 4+00 6 651 x I0-34
Blue
Green 2.66 5250
Yellow _186 5800 5. 760 X 1o 6 5656 XID -34
Orange 3 3 6300 66x 0-34
Red B2 F000 b 30 x 0-34
 Result
Standard Value of Planck'sconstant 6'626b x IDIS

Calculated Value of Planck's constant = 5656 XIDIS

COMMENTS:
1. What is the difference between normal PN Junction diode and LED?
) t utk loht LED PN Juntwn diode
Us& materouke 9auuM,aYStn,| 2) I t does no4 eut kqht
gallum po[ phude Usas makeriols Lk Si, ge, atc
3)
2. Give examples of semiconductor materials which used as
are
qallun Arsnide (yaAt), Gallun phos phda lya LE=265V
P),
Galau Astride photpkud (yaas p)
D.J.S.C.E.(Physics)
Journal
Knowledge 3

Documentation 3

Punctuality 3

Virtual Lab
(Performance & 6
Date
Documentation)_ Signature of the faculty
Total 15
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