SMA 1117: CALCULUS 1

DIFFERENTIATION OF FUNCTIONS OF THE FORM ya x

• We first take logarithm to base e on both side

ln y  ln a  x ln a
x
u sin g chain
diff b.s wrt x d d dy
 ln y    ln y  
dx dy dx
1 dy
 ln a 
1 dy
y dx y dx
dy
 y ln a
dx
dy
  a ln a
x

dx
Example 1
• Differentiate y  67 x

ln y  ln 6  7 x ln 6
7x

diff b.s wrt

1 dy
 7 ln 6
y dx
dy
  7 y ln 6
dx
 7  6  ln 6
7x
Example 2
• Differentiate y  5cos x

ln y  ln 5cos x  cos x ln 5
diff b.s wrt x
1 dy
  sin x ln 5
y dx
dy
   y sin x ln 5
dx
   5cos x  sin x ln 5
Example 3
• Differentiate y  e 2 x 48 x
8 x ln v  ln 48 x  8 x ln 4
ue 2x
v4 diff b.s wrt x

 8  48 x  ln 4
du dv 1 dv
 2e 2 x  8ln 4
dx dx v dx
dv
  8v ln 4
dx
dy
v
du
u
dv  8  48 x  ln 4
dx dx dx
 4  2e  e  8  4  ln 4
8 x 2x 2x 8 x

4 8 x
e 2x
 2  8ln 4 
Example 4
10ln x
• Differentiate y 
sin 3 x
ln u  ln10ln x  ln x ln10
u  10ln x v  sin 3 x
du ln10 ln x dv diff b.s wrt x
 10  3cos x sin 2 x 1 du 1
dx x dx  ln10
u dx x
du dv du 1
v u   u ln10
dy dx x
 dx 2 dx
dx v ln10 ln x
 10
ln10 ln x x
sin x 
3
10  10ln x  3cos x sin 2 x
 x
 sin x 
3 2

sin 2 x10ln x  ln10sin x  3 x cos x 


x sin 6 x
Exercise
Differentiate

1. y  32 x

2. y  2 cos3 x

94 x
3. y 
sin 5 x
Solution

 2  32 x  ln 3
1. dy
dx

 3sin 3 x  2 
dy cos3 x
2. ln 2
dx

dy sin 5 x  4  94 x  ln 9  9 4 x  5cos 5 x
3. 
dx sin 2 5 x
94 x  4sin 5 x ln 9  5cos 5 x 

sin 2 5 x
PARAMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION
• Equations may be given using another parameter t in the form
x  f  t  and y  f t 

To find derivative, we differentiate each wrt to t then use chain rule

dy dy dt
 
dx dt dx
Example 1
• Differentiate x  e 2t , y  e 3t
3t
xe 2t
ye
dx dy
 2e 2 t  3e 3t
dt dt

dy dy dt
 
dx dt dx
3t 1 3 5t
 3e  2t   e
2e 2
Example 2
Differentiate x  e 2t , y  t 3
x  e 2t y  t3
dx dy
 2e 2 t  3t 2
dt dt

dy dy dt
 
dx dt dx
1
 3t  2t
2

2e
3t 2
 2t
2e
Example 3

• Differentiate x  cos 4t , y  sin 4t

x  cos 4t y  sin 4t
dx dy
 4sin 4t  4 cos 4t
dt dt
4t 3

dy dy dt
 
dx dt dx

1
 4 cos 4t    cot 4t
4sin 4t
Example 4
• Differentiate x  5t 2 , y  1  t 4 at t 5
x  5t 2 y  1 t4
dx dy
 10t  4t 3
dt dt

dy dy dt
 
dx dt dx

1 2 2
 4t  3
 t
10t 5
dy 2 2
at t  5    5   10
dx 5
Example 5
t t 1 1
• Differentiate x  , y at  ,   x, y 
2t 4  t2 3 3

dx  2  t  1   t 1 dy

  1   t  2t 
4  t 2


dt 2  t 
2
dt 4  t  2 2

2t t 4  t 2  2t 2
 
2  t  4  t 
2
2 2

2
 4t 2

2  t 
2

4  t 
2 2
.
dy dy dt
 
dx dt dx

 2  t
2
4t 2
 
4  t 2 2 2

 2  t  2  t
2 2
4t 2
4t 2
   
 2  t  2  t   2  t  2  t 
2 2 2
2 2

4  t2

22  t 
2
 . 1 1  t 1
at  ,  x  2  t  3t  t 1
3 3 2t 3
t 1
y  3t  4  t 2 t 2  3t  4  0
4t 2
3
 t  1 t  4   0
 t  1 or t  4

dy 4  t2
t 1 
dx 2  2  t  2

4  1
2
5
 
2  2  1 
2
2
Exercise
Find dy given
dx

1. x  2t , y  t 2  1

2. x  t3  t2 , y  t2  t

2t 3t
3. x  , y at t  0
2t 3t

4. x  t 2 , y  2t at  4, 4 
Solutions

dy
1. t
dx

dy 2t  1 2t  1
2.  2 
dx 3t  2t t  3t  2 

dy
3. 1
dx
dy 1
4. 
dx 2