Implicit Differentiation

3.6
Implicit Differentiation
So far, all the equations and functions we looked at were all stated explicitly
in terms of one variable:

y  3x  5 s  16t 2  30t

In this function, y is defined explicitly in terms of

1
y x. If we re-wrote it as xy = 1, y is now defined
implicitly in terms of x.
x

It is easy to find the derivative of an explicit function, but what about:

x  4 y  3y  y  5
3 2
 This is not a function,
but it would still be
x2  y 2  1 nice to be able to find
the slope.

d 2 d 2 d
x  y  1 Do the same thing to both sides.
dx dx dx

dy
2x  2 y 0 dy 2 x
dx 
dx 2 y
dy
2y  2 x dy x
dx 
dx y

Find dy/dx if: y 3  4 y 2  x 5  3x 4

dy dy
3y 2
 8y  5 x 4  12 x 3
dx dx

dy
dx
 
3 y 2  8 y  5 x 4  12 x 3

dy 5 x 4  12 x 3

dx 
3y2  8y 
 Find dy/dx if: 3 x 2  5 xy 2  4 y 3  8
Product
Rule! dy 2 dy
6 x  5 y  10 xy  12 y
2
0
dx dx
dy
dx
 
10 xy  12 y 2  6 x  5 y 2

dy  6x  5 y2


dx 10 xy  12 y 2 
Find the DERVIVATIVES .
x 2  xy  y 2  7

x  xy  y  7
2 2
Note product rule.
dy y  2 x
 dy  dy 
2x   x  y  2 y 0 dx 2 y  x
 dx  dx
dy dy
2x  x  y  2 y 0
dx dx
dy
2 y  x   y  2x
dx 
Find derivative at (1, 1) Product Rule is
easier than quotient
rule, so let’s cross
y x
2 3
multiply!
x
y x
3 2

dy y3  6x2
y  x  xy  x
2 3 3 3


dx 2 y  3 xy 2 
dy 2 dy
2 y  3 x  3 xy
2
 y 3  3x 2 dy (1) 3  6(1) 2
dx dx 

dx 2(1)  3(1)(1) 2 
dy
 
2 y  3 xy 2  y 3  6 x 2
dx dy  5
 5
dx  1
 d2y
Find 2 if 2 x 3
 3 y 2
7 .
dx

2 x3  3 y 2  7

6 x 2  6 y y  0

6 y y  6 x 2

6 x 2
y 
6 y
x2
y 
y 