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x3 + y3 = 6xy
In some cases, it is possible to solve such an equation for y as
an explicit function (or several functions) of x.
Chain rule:
𝑓 = 𝑦2
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑦
= = (2𝑦)(𝑦 ′ )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
dy 3
At the point (3, 4) we have x = 3 and y = 4.
dx 4
Thus, an equation of the tangent to the circle at (3, 4) is:
y – 4 = – ¾(x – 3) or 3x + 4y = 25.
example:
a. Find y’ if x3 + y3 = 6xy.
b. Find the tangent to the folium of Descartes x3 + y3 = 6xy at the point (3, 3).
c. At what points in the first quadrant is the tangent line horizontal?
or x2 + y2y’ = 2xy’ + 2y
When x = y = 3, y’ = – 1
d d 2 d
2y x sin y dy 2x
dx dx dx
dx 2 cos y
dy dy
2 2 x cos y
dx dx
dy dy
2 cos y 2x
dx dx
dy
2 cos y 2 x
dx
example:
Find the equations of the lines tangent and normal to the curve at
x 2 xy y 2 7 at (1, 2)
dy dy
2x x y 2 y 0
dx dx
dy dy
2x x y 2 y 0
dx dx
dy
2 y x y 2x
dx
dy y 2 x
dx 2 y x
2 2 1 22 4
m
2 2 1 4 1 5
tangent: normal:
4
y2 x 1 5
y 2 x 1
5 4
4 4
y2 x 5 5
5 5 y2 x
4 4
4 14
y x 5 3
5 5 y x
4 4
Higher Order Derivatives
d2y
Find if 2 x3 3 y 2 7
dx 2
y 2 x x 2 y
2 x3 3 y 2 7 y
y2
6 x 6 y y 0
2
y
2x x2
2 y
y y Substitute y
back into the
6 y y 6 x 2 equation.
2x x 2 x 2
6 x 2 y 2
y y y y
6 y
2x x 4
y
2
y
x 3
y y y
example:
Find y” if x4 + y4 = 16.
x4 + y4 = 16.